SNIiARGBD, AND ENGLISH EDITION OP AMARCK'S SPECIES OF SHELLS] / COMPRISING THK WHOLE OF THE RECENT ADDITIONS IN DESHAYES' LAST FRENCH EDITION, //?;* •^ ^. V i .''C. c //x-c_ ,v^r<. c-^~e-^t'«_ -c^ / f i - ^ CUvNiiA C^ , Q .(6. P. Gl . ^^^ " '' COLLECTION THE SPECIES OF SHEi^LS.^ d.^^vi^-^ TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. CLASS CONCHIFERA. Animal soft, withoiit articulations, destitute of Jiead or organs of vision, always fixed within a bivalve shell, having external branchice, a simple circulation and a unilocular heart. ORDER DIMYARIA. Shell having two separate lateral muscular impressions. Section Crassipedes. The mantle closed in front, or partly so ; foot thick, posterior ; shell gaping when closed. Tribe Tubicola. Shell either contained in a testaceous sheath distinct from its valves, or incrusted wholly or j)a,rtly in the wall of this tube, or projecting outwards. ASPERGILLUM. Sheath tubular, testaceous, attenuated towards the anterior termi- nation, where it is open, and thickened posteriorly into a club, where the valves of the shell are incrusted on its walls ; club con- vex, with a terminal disk, perforated with scattered, somewhat tubular punctures, having ajissure in the centre. A. Javanum, Lam. 1. — Serpula Penis. Lin. 1267. — S. Aquaria. D. p.H)i^3.—Mar.f7.—W.t.3>^.f2>A. Tube white, nearly smooth, being but slightly wrinkled annularly, increasing in size towards the posterior extremity which is terminated by a per- forated disk with a radiated border . . 4. — Indian Ocean. A. Vaginiferum. iaw. 2. — Sow. G. f. 1, 2. — Reeve, t. 17- f. I, 2. Tube very long, white, sub-articulated, with foliaceous tubes at the joints ; terminal disk with the radiated border extremely short. — 4, but very much larger tubes have been found. — Hed Sea^ 2 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. A. Nov^ Zelandi^. Lam. 3. — Fav.t.79. E. White clouded •witli flesh colour ; tube wrinkled annularly and suddenly increasing below the perforated disc to a size superior to that appendage which is small and without a border. — Smaller than the preceding. — New Zealand. A. Agglutinans. Lam. 4. Tube twisted, sub-clavate, with other bodies attached to it ; disc without a border, its surface roughened by numerous minute tubes. 3. — New Holland.^ CLAVAGELLA. Sheath tuMdar, testaceous, attenuated, and open before ; termina- ting posteriorly in an oval, subcompressed club, {often roughened by spiniform tubes) ; club showing on one side a valve of the shell, attached to its walls ; the other valve unattached, in the sheath. C. Aperta. Sow. G. f. \, 2, 3, 4. — Desh. in Lam. 6. p. 25. — Mag. de Z. 1842. t. 49, 51, tj- 50./. 1, 2. Tube short, very clavate, very widely open above ; aperture infundibuliform, its mar- gin wavy, foliaceous, scalloped ; the stages of growth evidenced by similar markings : valves triangular, pearly and widely gaping, the unattached one thick and transversely wrinkled. C. Elongata. Brod. Z.T. 1. t. 35./. 1 to A.^Mag de. Z. 1842. t. 50. /. 3. Chamber elongated ovate ; unattached valve elongated, subtriangular, convex, with strong concentric wrinkles, glossy within : umbone acute. — Pacifici C. Lata. Brod. Z.T. 1. 1. 35./. 8, 9, 10. Chamber rounded ovate ; free valve rather broad, subtriangular, rather convex, concen- trically wrinkled ; glossy within in both valves, and the muscular impressions strong : umbone rather rounded. — Pacijic- C. Melitensis. Brod. Z. T. 1. /. 35. /. 5 ^o 8. — Mag.de Z. 1842. t. 50./. 4. Shell rather rounded, wrinkled, rather glossy within : tube longitudinally wrinkled. . . Malta. C. AxjSTRALis. Sow. in Appendix to Stutchbury's Catalogue, t. 1. /• I. • .Tube simple and rounded; free valve oblong and rather convex. Clav. Balanorum, Schacchi. — Ajinals Nat. Hist. — Mag. de Zool. 1842. t. 52. Valves subtriangular and wrinkled ; receptacle oval, rounded, produced above into a subquadrangular tube. — Pau- silippe in masses of Balani. sum. 1 Perhaps Lister, t. 548./, 3, may be added as a species. Mr. Gray has proposed its separation as A. Listeri. See too A. Span Sow. G.— Reeve, t. 17. f 3, 4, 5. A. Dichotomy. Gray, cjr 2 Caillaud states that this is not distinct from Aperta OS' TRIBE TUBICOLA. 3 FISTULANA. With a ticbular teataceous sheath, tumid, and closed posteriorhj attenuated at the anterior end, open at the summit, and contain- ing an unattached bivalve shell ; valves of the shell equal, and gaphig when shut. F. Clava. Lam. \.—Bl. t. 81./. :i.— Reeve, t. 19. Tube straight and slender, club-shaped; the valves of the shell white and elongated, their extremities somewhat arched, 3| • — Indian Ocean.^ F. Gregata. Lain. 3. — Teredo Clava. Gen. 3478. — D. p. 1090. — W. t. 3S. f. 4. Tubes club-shaped, flexuous, grouped, brownish ; valves narrow and arcuated ; with two other unguiculated and serrated appendages. 2|. — Coromandel. F. Lagenula. Lam. a. — E.t.\&7.f. 23. Small, laterally- affixed ; tube flask-shaped, articulated by transverse segments. i\. Extremely rare. SEPTARIA. With a very long testaceous tube, gradually attenuated an- teriorly, and appearing as if divided internally by vaulted un- fnished partitions ; anterior end of the tube terminated by two other slender tubes, which are not divided. S.Arenaria. Lam. — SerptjlaPolythalamia. Xm. 1269. — Teredo Gigantea. D. p. 1087.— TF. t. 38 /. \.—3Iart.f. 6, 1 1 . Tube taper, white, subcylindrical, nearly straight, thick, diaphanous, wrinkled transversely ; structure radiated : 2 internal tubes at the summit; inside yellowish . . 30.. 1^. — Indian Ocean. TEREDO. Tube testaceous, cylindrical, and tortuous, pervious at both ex- tremities, and covering the animal. — Shell bivalve, placed exter- nally, and outside the tube. T. Navalis.* Lin. 1267.— D. p. 1089.— iam. \.—E. t. 167. /. 1 to b.— Turt.Biv.t. 12./. 1, 2,3.— Sow. G.— Reeve, t. 21. — W. t. 38. f. 2. Subcylindrical, smooth, whitish, rather flexuous and slightly tapering, semiconcamerated near the smaller end : the valves ear-shaped, one of them with a curved denticle on the margin above the teeth : pallets spoon-shaped, convex without, concave within, terminating at one end in a linear elongation, and at the other with a thick callus. — Europe.'^ ^ For Lamarck's F. Corniformis see Teredo. * The Navalis of continental authors appears to differ. See Phi' lippi.p.2. t. ]./. d.—Poli. 3. t. 57. /. 4, 5, 6.— " Palmules 2. simple and semilunate." 4 TESTACEOUS MOL.LUSCA. T. Palmulatus. Lam. 2. — Gray in Phil. 3Iag. 1827, — Adan- son. Act. de V Acad, des Sc. 1/59.^. 9./. 12.— Bl. t. 80. bis. _/'. 8. Tube cylindrical, thin ; shell ovate, globular, the front lobe narrow triangular, lower edge rounded, very finely concentrically striated, central band thin, hinder portion smooth, hinder dorsal edge ovate expanded (not recurved) ; internal tooth broad, com- pressed, sickle-shaped, at right angles with the inner side of the shell : pallet short at the base, its setaceous end compressed, end broad pinnated and articulated. — Sumatra. T. Carinata. Gray in Mag. Phil. 1827 ... Tube long, cylindrical : shell subglobular, the front lobe triangular, lower edge straight, rather oblique, concentrically grooved : medial band thin, hinder portion with concentric wrinkles, posterior dorsal area ex- panded, recurved, parallel to the hinge : edge deeply keeled inter- nally : internal tooth compressed, curved, placed obliquely with respect to the inner surface of the valve : pallet, with its base short setaceous end compressed, end broad, linear-lanceolate, pinnately articulated. — Sumatra. T. BiPENNATUs* Turton Dic.f. 28 ^- 40.— Turt. Biv. p. 15. — Gray in Phil. Mag. 1827- Valves exactly like the last in shape but twice its size, and the front lobe rather larger, the hinder portion nearly smooth, and the inner edge not so much keeled : pallet with a very long setaceous stern (6 inches), the end short and pinnately articulated, ends of the joints long and filiform : tube thick, not concamerated. T. CoRNiFORMis. Desh. in Lam. 6. f. 29.— Fistulana C. Lam. 2. — Fav. t. 5. N.—Bl. t. 81./. 4.?— T. Utriculus? Gmel.374b. — Kcem. Cab. Rud. p. 7. t. 1.1 Slender club-shaped, undulatingly twisted ; mouth divided by two enclosed tubes — variety, more twisted, the posterior end with some arched chambers. — Indian Ocean . i T. Nana.* Turton Biv. p. 16. t. 2. /. G, 7. The valves rounded and without auricles behind ; a strong conic tooth on the margin above the teeth. T. Malleolus.* Turton Biv. p. 255. t. 2./. 19. Tube very thin and slightly semiconcamerated at the termination ; valves ear- shaped behind, and the auricles reflected : the accessorial valves transverse and mallet-shaped. 1 I have a shell which agrees tolerably well with Lamarck's de- scription. The tube possesses a kind of double wall, between which are winding septse. — Blainville's figure is that of the T. Utriculus of Gmelin. — { TF. ^ 38./. 3.) Our figures are copied from Favanne and Kaammerer. TRIBE PHOLADARIA. TRIBE PHOLADARIA. Devoid of a tuhxilar sheath : valves with accessory pieces or consider ah Ii/ tjajnng posteriorly . PHOLAS. Shell bivalve, equivalve, transverse, gaping at both extremities, with various accessory pieces either on. the hinge or below it ; inferior margin of the valves irifiected. * Valves not divided by a radiating groove. P.Dactylus.* Zm. 1110.— Z>.p. 35.— Ch.f. 859.~^.f. 168. /. 2,3,4.— Lam. I.— Don. t. 118.— i?. t. \'.f.7.~Sow. G.— Reeve, t. 24./. \.— Wood. G. C. t. \3.— Turt. B. p. S.~3Iont. p. 20. — W. t. 2. ,/". 1. Elongated-oblong, beaked at one end and rounded at the other, with concentric waved muricated ridges and indistinct radiating striae towards the beaks ; margin above the umbones reflected, circular and supported by numerous small plates so as to form quadrangular cells : 4 accessory plates. 4 or 5. — Europe.^ P. Orientalis. Gmel.32\Q.—D. p.36.—La7n.2.— Ch.f. 860 — W. t. 2.f. 2. Elongated-oblong, white, brittle, and nearly closed at one end, one half of each valve smooth and the other marked with reticulated striae ; margin straight. 1^ . . 6. — Siamand Tranquehar. Someivhat resembles the last but is not heahed. P. Candida.* Lin. 1 1 1 \.—D. p. 36.— Lam. 3.— TF. /. 2. /. 3. Don. t.\32. — Ch.j:H6l, 2.— Wood. G. C.t. \4.f.3, 4. Oblong, rounded at both ends, ventral margin entirely convex and not at all indented, covered with decussated prickly strise which posteriorly form distant radiating rows of prickles (but not ribs) : margin above the hinge reflected and covered with an elongated accessorial plate : a toothlike process on the hinge, ascending obliquely and anteriorly, f . . 2. — Europe. P. Parva.* Mont. p. 22. t. 1 ./. 7, 8.—D. p. 38.— IF. f. 2.f. 6. — Turt. Biv. p. 9. — P. Dactyloides, Lam, 4 . Ovate, beaked poste- riorly, rough with reticulated rather prickly striae except anteriorly ; 2 P. Oblongata Say is probably this species, although its beak and the number of its accessory valves is not mentioned. P. Callosa. Lam. 8. Ovate-oblong, sinuatcd, posteriorly with curling striae, anteriorly smooth ; hinge plate rather prominent and globose. — Bayonne. From the brevity of this description, lam unable to recognize the species, the figures quoted by Deshoiifn however (List. t. 433. and Broohe, t. 1 . /'. 7, 'S.) ore distorted Daclyli. 6 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. fold above the hinge without cells : a smooth tubercle on the inner margin above the teeth : a single accessorial valve at the hinge. | . . 1 ^. P, SiLicuLA. Lam. 5. — DelA.J. \9. Narrow-oblong not beaked, white, with radiating spinous ribs, and concentric transverse strise ; a callous elongated tooth in each valve. 1 . — Mauritius. P. CosTATA. Lin. nil.— i>. p. 36.— Lain. 6.—E. t. 169./. 1, 2.— Reeve, t. 23.— Sow. G.—W. t. 2. f. 4. Oblong-ovate, whitish or cream-coloured, covered with strong crenulated longi- tudinal ribs, which become abruptly closer at the smaller end. 2 . . 5. — S. Eurojie and America. P. Truncata. Say, Jour. A. N. S. Phil 2. p. 321. Oblong, sub-pentangular, posteriorly beaked and obtusely cuneiform in the middle, anteriorly broadly truncated at the tip : with transverse and longitudinal striae which posteriorly ai'e muricated with small erect scales not arched beneath, an anterior space devoid of the striae : hinge callus formed of the duplicature of the hinge margin, with a small toothlike callosity on the inner edge projecting backwards : tooth curved, prominent, slender, flat, f . . IJ^ — N. America. p. Cruciger. Sow. Z. P. 1834. Elongated-oblong, anteriorly rounded, posteriorly with the ventral edge open but not forming a beak : with very close and numerous narrow radiating ribs covering the whole surface except the anterior slope, where the very close and concentric wrinkles which roughen the ribs become almost lamellar : hinge margin reflected, its inner edge with an oblique tooth-like callus : accessory valve solitary, anterior, and trans- verse. -j\ .. 'to- — ^- -^^^eWca. P. Campechensis. Gmel. 3216. — Candida, var. D. f. 37. — List. t. 432. f. 275. — Chtloensis, Ki7ig in Z. J . vol. 5. Elon- gated, smooth and rounded anteriorly ; posteriorly not beaked, with radiating rows of rather distant spinous scales situated on the con- centric elevated lines of growth, (which are not at all undulated) thus forming rhomboids ; hinge-plate cellular, little elevated ; accessory valves 3, the two posterior and sub-triangular are angulated and channelled posteriorly, and truncated anteriorly, where they are terminated by an upright triangular piece : apophysis deeply chan- nelled, not broad. 3\. — S. America. P. Claxjsus, Gray in Bowdich. Transversely elongated, ante- riorly acuminated, posteriorly rounded ; tumid, with rather distant, concentric, raised striae, (except at the anterior end) whose distant but regular scales form seeming rays from the hinge ; no posterior gape, the area being filled by a smooth or radiatingly ribbed space : hinge margin much elevated, and abruptly truncated at the umbones anteriorly : hinge without an apophysis, two tubercular teeth on each hinge margin : accessory plate ? 1|- . . 2'^— Africa. P. Subtruncata, Sow. Z. P. 1834.— An. P. Simii.is, Gray in Yates, N. Zeal. Ovate oblong, scabrous, anteriorly with a TRIBE PHOLADARTA. 7 rounded oif subtruncation, smooth ; posterior ventral margin with a very large gape : accessory valve solitary and posterior : lanceolate and acuminated posteriorly. 3.. Ifn. — W. Columbia. Very like Parva. * * Valves divided h/j an indented radiating groove. P. Crispata.* Lin. 1111.— J>. p. 40.— Zam. '] .—Ch.f. 872, 3, A.-Don. t. Q2.— Wood. G. C. t. 15. /. 4, 5.— Mont. p. 23.— Turt. B. p. 6. — W. t. 2.f. 5. Oval, gibbous, whitish, rounded at one end, and forming a short beak at the other ; a longitudinal furrow in the middle, on the posterior side of which the shell is covered with muricated striae, on the anterior transversely wrinkled : gape wide. 11 . .2\. — N. and W. Europe. P. Clavata.* Lam. 9.— P.Pusila. Lin. 1111.— Z>. p. 33.— Ch.f. 867,8, 9.— P. Striata. Lin. 1111.— TF. t. 2./. 7 .— Wood. G. 'C. t. 16. f. 1, 2, 3,4, 8.— Don. t. 116.— Reeve, t. 24./. 2.— Sow. G.f. 2. — D. p. 37- Oblong, rounded, white, and of a re- markably conoid shape ; the broader end strongly reticulated by arched stria3, the other parts except a smooth triangular space at the posterior ventral margin faintly striated : the shield which covers the hinge heart-shaped, and beneath it a narrow plate joined to the membrane which connects the valves ; a narrow ventral plate and membrane which seems to prevent the shell from opening except at the ends, i . . 1. — America, tj'c. P. Ovum. Gray in W. S. f. 4. Sub -cuneiform, posteriorly inflated, rounded and somewhat gaping, anteriorly attenuated : valves divided by a longitudinal groove, anterior to which the shell is nearly smooth ; the posterior dorsal portion with minute raised oblique wavy wrinkles crossing the more or less distinct radiating riblets, posterior ventral portion with distant divaricating striae ; hinge margin raised, reflected : accessory valve sub-rotund, dorsal and posterior : teeth thin and flattened . . 1;^. — The young without the posterior ventral portion. The sulcus forms a distinct tooth at the interior ventral edge. P. Falcata. Wood. G. C. t. 16. /. 5, 6, 7.—D. p. 3<}.— W. t. 2. /. 8. Suboval, ventral margin posteriorly much incurved, divided by a longitudinal groove, the posterior compartment being very tumid, short, and rough with sub-dentated striae, the anterior compressed, with simple transverse striae : whitish, the gape wide, the hinge with a forked tooth. -|. — Shape of Crispata. P. Calva. Gray. Z. P. 1834. Ovate, posteriorly retuse, anteriorly sub-acuminated, gaping ; each valve divided into 3 sur- faces, the posterior one roughish, the middle one with a horny epidermis and concentrically striated, the anterior one with horny, imbricated, smooth scales, which gradually become less, and are anteriorly rounded : the posterior ventral space smooth and closed : 8 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. tlie posterior dorsal accessory valve smooth and five-lobed : upper and lower edges with a horny-shelly epidermis. 1 to • . 2. — Panama. When young ha,s no epidermis or accessory valve, hut a large gape. P. Acuminata. Sow. Z. P.lQ^iA. Ovate, posteriorly rounded, anteriorly acuminated, with a very small gape ; the valves divided into 3 surfaces, the posterior one roughish, the middle one with a horny epidermis, and transversely striated, the anterior one with smooth, gradually smaller, anteriorly acuminated, imbricated, horny scales : posterior ventral portion closed and smooth : posterior dorsal accessory valve, large, subquadrangular and anteriorly lobed : upper and lower edges with a shelly-horny epidermis, the dorsal covering posteriorly inflated. ■^^. .2. — Panama. The young differ as in the last species. P. Melanura. Sow. Z. P. 1834. Ovate, posteriorly rounded, anteriorly obtuse, with a moderate gape ; the valves divided by an impressed transversely grooved band ; the posterior area obliquely divided, the dorsal portion with radiating wrinkles, the ventral thinner and inflated ; anterior area concentrically striated, anteriorly with a black epidermis ; posterior dorsa,l edge inflated and reflected : with 2 anterior accessory valves which are sub-trigonal and vaulted above. I . . 1 §. — W. Columbia. P. Californica. Conrad. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. 1. p. 2SG. t. IS./". 4. — An. P. Janelli. Mag. de Zoo/, Elongated, poste- riorly rounded, anteriorly attenuated and subtruncated, ventral edge little arcuated ; posterior area gibbous, the concentric lines lamellar, crowded, undulated and crossed by numerous impressed lines ; accessory valves numerous, as well basal as dorsal : valves much compressed sub-medially, with an oblique groove, anterior slope angulated, anterior side with elevated laminae : apophysis oblique, dilated: hinge margin within greatly thickened anteriorly. 4. P. Quadra. So7v. Z. P. 1834. Oblong, very thin, posteriorly inflated, rounded, anteriorly sub-attenuated sub-truncated ; the valves divided by an impressed transversely grooved band : posterior area obliquely divided, the dorsal portion with concentric scaly lamellae, the ventral thinner, inflated, with radiating obsolete riblets : anterior surface with concentric grooves : posterior dorsal edge concave and reflected receiving the muscle, and covered with the epidermis which runs down upon four bladder-l^ke substances, anteriorly, (two on each side) and then a calcareous tube conspicuous at the extremity. var. — The posterior dorsal edge inflated and reflected -jS^y . . I . — W. Columbia. P. TuBiFERA. Sow. Z. P. 1834. Oblong, anteriorly sub- attenuated and sub truncated, posteriorly rounded : valves divided by an impressed transversely grooved band: the posterior surface obliquely divided, the dorsal portion with radiating grooves, decus- sated, the ventral, thinner and sub-inflated: anterior area concen- TRIBE PHOLADARIA. 9 trically striated : dorsal edge posteriorly reflected and inflated : with two anterior, dorsal, sub-ovate, accessory valves ; the epidermis anteriorly running down upon two flattened valves and then a cal- careous tube conspicuous at the extremity. ■^^^.. 1 Jg. — TF. Colum- bia. Very like Papt/racea: ike intermediate ages loithoiit the tube. P. Papyracka.* Turt. B. p. 2. t. \.f. 1 to A.—Som. G.— Reeve, t. 24./. ^.~W. S. t. \. f. 1. Ovate oblong, closed and very obtuse posteriorly, open and truncated anteriorly, posterior mar- gin reflected at the hinge into a thin nearly erect narrow plate ; dirty white, divided by a longitudinal groove ; anteriorly with de- pressed concentrical lamellse, posteriorly towards the hinge with close obliquely curved toothed thin ridges, the remaining portion nearly smooth : nacreous white within. — Youvg. (P. Lamellata. Turt. Biv. t. \.f. 5, Q—W. S. t. \.f. 2.)— Without the smooth space at the posterior ventral edge, and consequently with a large oval gape. 1^. — Eyigland. P. CuRTA. Sow. Z. P. 1834. Oval, anteriorly acuminated, posteriorly rounded : valves divided by a transversely grooved band ; the posterior area obliquely divided, the dorsal portion with radia- ting wrinkles and transverse strise, the ventral thinner and sub- inflated : anterior surface with concentric strise : accessory valve solitary, posterior dorsal, sub-acaminated at the ends and con- tracted in the middle : upper and lower edges with a horny testa- ceous epidermis which on the dorsal surface is anteriorly forked. '2^' — ir, Colum.bia. P. Cornea. Soiv. Z. P. 1834. Oblong, thin, posteriorly rounded, anteriorly obtuse : a thin horny epidermis ; valves divided by a band ; posterior area obliquely divided, the dorsal portion being rather rugose, the ventral smooth : anterior surface larger and smooth ; with three accessory valves, the posterior dorsal one rounded, and sub emarginated anteriorly : anterior gape large. \-§ - — W. Cohnnhia. P. TuBERcuLATA.* Turt. B. p. 5.t. 1. /. 7, 8. — W. S. t. l.y. 3. Oblong with the ventral margin posteriorly sinviated, but not forming a beak at its extremity ; gape nearly orbicular : tbe transverse rough striae disappearing anteriorly after crossing the longitudinal groove : a single accessorial valve and a rough tubercle on the edge above the teeth, f . . 1^. — England.'^ ^ In this genus we must include Turton's XYLOPHAGA. Orbicular; (eqidvaJve, inequilateral, posteriorljj gaping, with two sub-triangular testaceous accessor)/ pieces, a minute cardinal 10 TESTACEOUS MOLLTJSCA. GASTROCH^NA. liJquivalve, somewhat wedge-shaped, with a iiery large oval oblique posterior opening between the valves, the anterior extremity nearly closed; hinge linear marginal and without teeth. G. CuNEiFORMis. Lam. 1. — Reeve, t. 20./. 4, 5. — Soiv. G. f. 4, b.—Pholas Hians. Gm.. 3217.— D. p. 39.— Ch.f. ]G78 to 81.— W. t. 2.f. 11. Oval, thin, seraitransparent, greyish white, with the valves converging above, convex in the middle and wedge-shaped be- low, with transverse arched strise ; hiatus oval and very large, occupy- ing two-thirds of the length : teeth very small. 1^. — W. Indies. G. Mytiloides. Lam. 2, — Rump. t. 45. f. P. Oblong, anterior side truncated, and scarcely more than twdce the length of the posterior ; excepting a raised pyramidal radiating anterior space, which is crossed by elevated narrow ribs and covered with a tawny epidermis, the shell is almost smooth. 1^. — Isle of France. G. MoDiOLiNA.* Lam. 3.— Sow. G.f. 1, 2, 3.— Reeve, t. 20. f. 1, 2, 3. — Mytilus Ambiguus. D. p. 104. — Mya Dubia. Pen. — Don. t. 108.— W. t. 2. f. 23.— G. Hians. Fie. p. 458.— G. Pholadia. Turt. B. t. 2. f. 8, 9. Small, thin, brittle, opaque, rounded at both ends and widely gaping on one side ; pale brown and marked with concentric striae : beaks nearly terminal and rather prominent. — France, burrowed in stone. G. Truncata. So7v. Z. p. 1834. Oblong, anteriorly with a rounded off truncation, posteriorly very short, sub -acuminated ; striated and dirty whitish : an anterior thin lamellar epidermis. -jL.. If.. — Panama. G. OvATA. Sow. Z. p. 1834. Ovate, whitish, with concen- tric striae, which are slender, lamellar, and following the shape of tooth and an internal rib proceeding from the umbo to the basal margin of each valve. Two muscular impressions, the anterior large and obovate, the posterior smaller and situated near the edge of the dorsal margin. X. DoRSALis.* Turt. t. 2./. 4, 5.— Sow. G.— Reeve, t. 22. — Flem. p. 455. — Pholas X. Desh in Lam. 6. p. 47. Globular, thin, smooth, greenish yellow, gaping in front, the anterior part of the hinge margin produced ; umbones turgid and sub-callous ; a thickened inner girdle terminated by a tubercle surrounding the gape. This interesting species which forms sinuous perforations in wood is the link betiveen Pholas and Teredo, approximating rather to the former in being without an exterior tube, and posses- sing a shield which is small and divided into two. X. Globosa. Sow. Z. P. 1835. Globose anterior dorsal edge sloping, the accessory valves rather large. thj-'T — Valparaiso. TRIBE SOLENID^. 11 the margin : anterior side quadruple the length of the posterior, and rounded at tlie extremity : gape very large. J^. . U. — lale of Plata. G. Brevis. Sow, Z. P. 1834. Abbreviated-ovate, thin, pel- lucid, striated : anterior side seven times as long as the posterior. ^ . . 1^. — Gallapagos. G. Hyalina. Sow. Z. P. 1834. Oval, whitish, hyaline, smoothish, with the back longitudinally striated : posterior side short; gape equal to fds of the length of the shell, ^o^^- — ■^o?yZ Hood's Inland. G. RuGOLOSA. Sow.Z.P. 1834. Oblong, whitish, striated, rugulose ; the posterior wrinkles near the gaping margin, crowded and acute ; gape extremely long. 2^4. — (rallapagos. TRIBE SOLENIDiE. Shell transversehj elongated, destitute of accessory pieces, and gajjing at the lateral extremities only ; ligament external. SOLEN. Equivalve, transver.sely elongated, gaping at both extremities ; beaks very small, prominent ; primary teeth small, varying in nnmher, sometimes none, seldom inserted in a cardinal pit ; liga- ment external. * Hinge terminal. S. Vagina.* Lin, 1113 — D.p. 57. — Lam. 1. — Don. t. HO. —Mont. p. 48.— Turt. B. p. 79.— W. t. 3./. 3. Sub-cylindrical, becoming more compressed towards the truncated anterior extremity, orange-yellow sometimes stained with brown : a stricture across the posterior extremity which is slightly oblique : a single tooth in each valve, the opposite sides strengthened by a rib. 1 ..5. — Europe. S. CoRNEUs. Lam. 2. — Del. t. 2,f. 2. Small, linear, straight, margins nearly parallel, uniform horn-coloured, epidermis very thin : hinge with a single tooth in each valve. 2. — Java. S. Vaginoides. Lam. 3. — Del, t. 2. f. 3. S. Corneus, W.S.t. 1./. 2. Linear, slightly curved, reddish; hinge with one tooth in each valve. 3|. — Isles of New Holland. S. SiLiQUA.* Lin. 1113.— Z>. p. 5S.~La?n.4.— Ch. /. 29.— Don. t. 46.^Mont. p. 46.— Turt. B. p. SO.—W.t.'s.f. 1. Straight, with an olive brown cuticle, which is darkest at the posterior extremity: a single tooth and a remote lateral lamina in one valve, m the other, two besides a lateral inclined tooth, coitcs- ponding with the opposite lamina. 1 . . 7. — Europe. S.Ensis.* Lin. l\\4.— D. p. 59.— Lam. 5.— Ch.f. 29, 30.— 12 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. Don. t. 50.— TF. t. 3./. 6.— List. t. 4\\.—3Iont. p. 48. — Tnrf. B. p. 82. Linear, slightly curved, brittle, cuticle oHve brown : hinge with two teeth in one valve and one in the other, with one of the lateral teeth grooved . . . up to 6. — Europe. S. ViRiDis. Say, Jour. A. N. S. Phil. 2. p. 316. Fragile, elongated, compressed, posteriorly obliquely truncated, a little re- flected and rounded near the base, anteriorly rounded and a little narrowed ; cuticle pale green, slightly wrinkled concentrically, the wrinkles regularly rounded towards the extremity, dorsal edge nearly straight, ventral slightly curved ; in each valve a tooth having a flat- tened vertical surface, which turns upon that of the opposite tooth, _9 ..2J-. U. States. '^'^S. Linearis. Chem.— D. p. £>9.— Wood. G. C. p. 121. t. 27.f.3.—Ch.f. 1931, 2.— W.t.3.f:6. Linear, straight, nar- row, sub-cylindrical, very thin, pale purplish rose colour : hinge with a single tooth in each valve. ^ . . 3. — Nicohar Isles. S. ScALPRUM. King in Z.J. 5. Linear, sub-arcuated, fragile, rather broader and rounded anteriorly, posterior edge convex ; entirely covered by a pea-green epidermis under which it is uniform white : inside white, hinge terminal, one valve with a double tooth resembling the sprouting hoi'ns of a heifer, besides an obtuse denticle, two distant and a rudimentary one in the other, -j. . 2f . — Patagonia. S. Sloanii. Gray in Brit. Mus. Linear, straight, narrow, fragile, pellucid, rather broader and obtusely rounded anteriorly, truncated posteriorly : under a yellowish olive epidermis, white spotted with tawny brown : a sharp prominent tooth in one valve, the vestiges of one in the other. \..3. S. Truncatxjs. Wood G. C. t. 26. /. 3.—D. p. 58.~Sow. G. y. l.^Reeve. t. 2b. f. \.—Knorr. \. t. 28. f. 3.—W. t. 3. f. A. — S. Ceylanensis, Leach in Z. M. \. t. 7 Linear, straight, breadth not more than quadruple the length, margins parallel the whole way, truncated at both ends, postei'ioi'ly the edge convex, anteriorly slightly concave and with the slightest border; the con- centric bands purplish crimson : hinge with a single opposite tooth in each valve. 1^..5. — Ceylon, Sj-c. S. GuiNENSis. Gray in Brit. 3fus. Linear, straight, breadth but little more than quadruple the length, margins sub-parallel, truncated at both ends, anteriorly sub-directly so, posteriorly obliquely and with a slight hollow near the edge : under an olive- fulvous epidermis, white with purple madder lines of growth : hinge in each valve a single large stout tooth, having the surface at the point of contact perpendicularly flattened, semicircular and mar- gined. . . 2^. S. Brevis. Gray in Brit. 3Ivs. — S. Truncatus, var. Wood. G. C. t. 27. f. 2.—D. p. 58.-Fav. t. .55. B. 1.— S. Truncatus. Mawe. t. b.f. 2. Linear, straight, broad, margins TRIBE SOLENIDjE. 13 nearly parallel, and tapering slightly from the hinge, which is quite terminal and consists of but a single tooth in each valve, white with pink concentric bands, abruptly truncated and thick posteriorly. 5. — American Seas. S. Thuelcha, D''Orhlgny. Linear, straight, tapering an- teriorly to a rounded termination, posteriorly sub-truncated, the edge convex ; uniform white, poUshed, the epidermis dull yellow ; a single tooth in each valve, f . .1\. — S. America. * * Hinge not quite central. S, Pygmeus.* La7n. 6. — S. Pellucidus. Pen. 4. t. 46. f. 22. —Mont. p. 49.— Turt. B. p. 83.— D. p. fiO.— TF. t. 3.f. 7. Pellucid, fragile, rounded at each end, hinge margin nearly straight, the ventral slightly curved ; a single tooth in one valve and two in the other, besides contiguous lateral processes, j . . 1. — France, ifc. S. Ambiguus. Lam. 7.—E. vol. 3. p. 960. — Deles, t. 2./, 1. — Swain. Z. I. \st ser. Linear, broad, nearly straight, margins parallel, whitish, sometimes with ochraceous rays, thick, anteriorly slightly rounded and obliquely truncated; umbones rather pro- minent, a single tooth in each valve, f ..4. — America? S. CuLTELLUs. Lin. 1114.— 1>. p. 6\.—Lam. 8.— Ch.f. 36,37. —E. t. 223. f. 4.— W. t. 3.f. 9. Linear, oval, somewhat curved, thin, brittle, whitish with tawny spots under a brown epidermis, finely striated concentrically ; hinge with two teeth in one valve, a single one in the other. ^ . .2. — Indian Ocean. S. Planus. Lam. 9. — S. Maximus. Gmel. 15. — Ch.f.35. —E. t. 223. f. 5— S. Magnus. D. p. 61.— TT. t. 3. f. 17. Linear, flattened, straight, sub-diaphanous, rounded at both ends, white under a yellowish epidermis, striated concentrically : hinge with two teeth in each valve, those of the left oblique and divergent ; an internal radiating rib proceeds from the hinge. I-4-. .4, — India.^ * * * Hinge nearly central. S. Legumen.* Lin. 1114. — D.p. 61. — Lam. 11. — Ch.f. 32, 3, 4.— Bon. t. b3.—Mont. p. 50.— TF. t. 3. f. 8.— Psammobia. L. Turt. B. p. 90. Linear, rounded at both ends, hinge margin nearly straight, the ventral one slightly curved, so as to render the posterior end the narrower one ; smooth, yellowish, thin, pellucid, brittle, with fine lines of growth ; hinge strengthened by an oblique internal rib, a single tooth in one valve, two in the other, with lateral teeth simple in one valve and winged in the other, f . . 4. — Atlantic. S. DoMBEi. Lam. 12. — E. t. 224. f. 1. Linear-oval, strong, ventral margin incurved towards the middle, under the cuticle dull 1 S. MiNUTUS, Lam. 10, is his Hiat. Arctica. 14 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. purplish ■with an obsolete white anterior ray : hinge with two teeth in each valve, one of them nearly obsolete and very short, f ..3. — S. America. S. Javanicus. Lam. 13. — Deles, t. 2. /". Linear, straight, transversely narrow, yellow under a brown cuticle, rounded at the extremities, ventral edge incurved in the middle ; in one valve two teeth, in the other a single one : the middle bifid. 2|. — Java. S. Caribous. Lam. 14. — S. Guinensis. D.p.%2.1 — E. t. 22b. f. I.— Lis. t. 421./. 265.— W. t. 3./. 15. Elongated oblong, straight, posteriorly oblique, rounded, anterior dorsal edge incurved ; nearly smooth, ventricose, sub-pellucid, yellowish-white, the margin near the hinge thickened ; hinge with two teeth in one valve, a bifid one in the other, f . .2. — New York. S. CoNSTRiCTUS. Lam. 15. Oblong, nearly straight, rounded at the ends, and rather smooth ; thin, white, and peculiar for the stricture in the middle. — China ^' Japan. S. CoARCTATUS.* Gmel. 3227.— D. p. 64.— Lam. 17.— S. An- TiQUATUs. Lam. \b.— Mont. ]>. 52.— Ch.f. 45. — TF. t. 3./. 10. S. Centralis. Say (fide Ja//). Psammobia A. Turt.B.p. 91. S. Cxjltelltjs. Pen. 4. t. 46./. 25. Oblong, rounded at the extremities, hinge margin slightly convex, ventral rather concave ; white subpellucid, merely striated by the lines of growth which are more conspicuous at the extremities : hinge with a single tooth in one valve (at times the rudiments of a second) and two in the other, behind which the margin is callous. 1 ..2. — Mediterranean, ,j-c. S. Strigilatus. Li7i. 1115. — D. p. 64. — Lam. 18. — Ch. f. 41, 2.— W. t. 3. /. \2.—E. t. 224. /. 2,.— Reeve, t. 26. f. 4. Oval-oblong, strong^ very convex, and rather more rounded at one end than the other, generally pink with two obsolete white rays ; two -thirds of the shell covered with oblique striae besides the lines of growth. 1 ..2. — Mediterranean ^' Atlantic. S. Radiatus. Lin. \U4.—D.p. 63.— Lam. 19.^ Ch.f. 389. —List. t. 422. /. 266.— Tr. t. 3. /. 14. Oblong, smooth, thin, brittle, straight, both within and without of a fine violet colour, with four white longitudinal rays, which become broader as they recede from the beaks ; epidermis green : hinge with two teeth in each valve, and a strong white depressed rib extending somewhat obliquely along the inside of the shell. 2\. — Sumatra. An. var. 1 Solecurtus Lucidus. Conr. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. 7. With two white rays. — U. States. S. PoLiTus. Wood. S.t. \.f.6. Oblong, thin, rounded at both ends, ventral edge rather arcuated, ligamental tumid ; pos- teriorly shorter and narrower, the beaks being placed at f ths of the whole breadth posteriorly, lilac or fawn colour with four rather broad white rays : hinge strong and thickened, two emarginated stout teeth in one valve, a concave erect one in the other, a very TRIBE SOLENID^. 15 elevated sub-direct internal cross-bar extending from the hinge but half way to the margin. 1 . . 2. — Red Sea. — Epidermis very thin. S. Candidus.* Renieri. — Ch. f. 43.^ — S. Strigilatus of British authors. Elongated oblong, breadth twice and a half the length, ends rounded, uniform white, marked with coarse ridges of growth, and anteriorly with curved radiating strigils : beaks sub- central, anterior slope with divaricating strise ; ventraledge straightish, sub-incurved in the middle : an oblique and an erect tooth in each valve (in one valve the former rudimentary) : nymphse distinct, a. . \^. — WIediterranean, cfc. S. SoLiDUS. Gray. Spic. Z. t. 3.f. 12, Solid ovate, narrower anteriorly, rounded at both ends, dull white, convex, with obsolete concentric wrinkles : umbones convex, sub-posterior, dorsal edge sinuated : two short and elevated teeth in each valve, the posteiior straight and sub-bifid, the other oblique : inside white. If . . 2^. — Peru. S. Inflexus. Wood. G. C. t. 32./. 1, 2.—D. p. 62.— W. t. 3.f. 18. Elongated-oblong, greenish white under an orange-brown epidermis, posteriorly broader, anteriorly more than twice as long as posteriorly, ventral margin inflected, nearly smooth : inside white, two teeth in one valve and one in the other, besides a prominent convex radiating rib. 1 ..3. S. Orbiculatus. Gray in TV. S. f. 4. — Psammobia 0. Desh. Mag. de Z. 1839. Mol. t. 7 . Rounded-ovate, narrower, nearly smooth, polished, much shorter and obliquely rounded posteriorly, not at all angulated, under an uniform yellowish-olive cuticle white ; hinge with an acute and semicircular tooth in one valve, an acute and a sub-laminar tooth in the other ; the nymphse internally distinct. U . . -^-. — S. America 1 S. Costatus. Say. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. 2. p. 315. — S. Sayii. Grif. Cuv. Mol. t. 31. — Solecurtus C. Say. Amer. Cone. t. 18. — Conrad. Ayn. C. t. 24./. 2. Elongated elliptical, very compressed, smooth, anterior side thrice as long r Vposterior ; very thin, rounded at each end, under a yeUowish olive cuticle pale violet red, with not more than three whitish rays : teeth two (some- times obsolete) in each valve, the posterior one upright, the other bent forwards : an internal direct longitudinal rib spreading and becoming obsolete towards the ventral edge. 1 J. — New Jersey. S. Medius. Sow. in Beechey Zool. t. 43. /. 2. — Mach^ra NiTiDA. Gould Mas. p. 33. f. 25,6. Oblong, Ugamental edge elongated and straightish, ventral slightly curved, posteriorly rounded and very short, anteriorly sub -attenuated and obtuse, smooth white or livid under a greenish or brownish yellow shining cuticle : inside white, with a posterior cross-bar : three teeth in one valve, two in the other. 2^. — N. America. S. Maximus. Wood G.C.3\.f. 3.--W. t. 3./. 16.— S. Gigas, 16 TESTACEOUS MOLLU8CA. J). 61. — SoLECURTUs NuTTALii. Conrod in J. A. TV. S. Phil. 7. Jide Gould. Linear-oval, sub-diaphanous, rounded, equally broad at both ends, flat, under a glossy olive green epidermis white, rounded at both ends ; nearly smooth : inside white with a strong longitu- dinal rib extending from the hinge to the margin : hinge twice as near the posterior as the anterior, two remote and lamellar teeth in one valve, four in the other. 2.. 5. — Scmdwich Isles. ^ S. BiDENS*. Chem. — S. Fragilis. Mont. — D. p. 65. — Turt. B. t. 8./. 3—W. t. 3./. W.—Ch. f. 1939. Linear-oval, nearly smooth, pellucid, brittle, white under a yellowish cuticle, a reddish brown longitudinal stripe extending half way to the margin, but becoming broader and fainter as it recedes from the hinge : margins sub-parallel, the ventral sub-incurved in the middle : two teeth in one valve one in the other. I , . \^. — Nicobar Isles, ^'c. S. Tenuis. W. S. t. !./• 5. {tioi of Grif. Cuv.) Elongated oblong, thin, rounded at the ends, thrice as broad as long, ventral edge incurved in the middle, white under a dirty yellowish cuticle : hinge, in one valve with a single projecting falcate tooth, a small tooth with a denticle on each side in the other : inside uniform white, without a rib, but with an oblique anterior radiating callus. 1..3. S. NovACULiNA. Beyison. Elongated-oblong, obtuse at both extremities, thin, dull white under an ochraceous epidermis, nearly smooth, ventral and dorsal edges sub-parallel and scarcely at all arcuated : beaks slightly prominent, broad, situated at about |^rd from the somewhat narrowed posterior extremity : inside glossy, often irridescent, teeth very small, f ..l^-- — Near Calcutta. S. Californianus — CuLTELLus C. Cour. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. 7. p. 233. t. 18. /. 3. Linear, oblong-oval, thinnish, convex, dorsal and ventral edges parallel, the latter incurved in the middle, equally rounded at the sides, under a straw-coloured cuticle with radiating wrinkles on the anterior slope, white tinged with yellowish brown, w/ " direct brown lines in the middle. d\ — U. California. Allied to Ifjmhei. S. SuBTFRES. — CuLTELLus S. CoHT. Jour. A.N- S. Phil. 7. p.233.i. U.f. 10. Linear-oval, inflated or sub-cylindrical ; dor- sal and ventral edges sub-parallel, slightly arcuated, beaks very obtuse, extremities equally rounded, under a yellowish brown finely wrinkled cuticle, pale purple obscurely rayed : two teeth in each valve, the anterior one of the right valve dilated. J- . . 2}. — U. Cali- fornia. — Not impossibly the young of Dovibei or Californianus. 1 The S. Minimus of Ch.f. 31. (of which we have given a copy) — D. p. 66.— TF. t. Z.f. 19. — is evidently the young of a species allied to this. TRIBE SOLENIDvE. 17 S. AcuTiDENS. S()7V..i;. 70.) GLAUrONOME. Gray. Oblong-oval, thin, eqiiivalve, tneqid/ateral, margins closed, covered with a horny cuticle : three cardinal teeth in each valve, the anterior the larger, the middle of the right and the anterior of the left bifid, no lateral teeth ; a posterior marginal ohlung, a7id an anterior sub quadrate muscular impression, the palleal with a large broad and deep oblong sinus : ligament external, oblo7ig. G. Chinensis, Gray. Spic. Z. — Sow. G. — Iteeve. t. 31. Nearly smooth, anteriorly attenuated, posteriorly rounded, cuticle thin and green. ^ . . 1^. — Clmia. Mr. Reeve places the genus Solenella of Sowerby with the Solenacese, a position which at first, from the peculiar structure of its teeth, I felt disposed to cavil at, but whose correctness sub- sequent observation has confirmed. SOLENELLA. Sowerby. Transversely-oval, sub-equilateral, equivalve, compressed, shining, with a thin olive cuticle : in each valve three or four continuous posterior lateral teeth, and an anterior sub-direct row of small sharp pointed ones ; muscular scars rather distant, the palleal with a large sinus : ligament external and elongated. — S. Norrisii. Sow. , Z. P. 1832.— aSow^ G.- Reeve, t. 30. Bluish-white under an olive-green cuticle with darker zones, smooth, f-lf- — Valparaiso. The genus Pholadomya of Sowerby is adopted by peshayes. Its characters are as follows : 18 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. PANOPEA. Equivalve^ tt^ansverse, ffapintj imequally at the sides; one conical ■primary tooth in each valve, and a compressed, not exserted, short, ascending callosity on one side ; ligament external, affixed on the elongated side of the shell, to the callosities. P. Aldrovandi.* Lam. 1. — Mya Glycimeris. Lin. Gmel. 3222.— -D. p. A\.— Ch.f. 25.— Bon. t. \i2.—Wood. G. C. t.2o. f. 1. — TF. t.S.f. 41. Oblong subrhombic, very tliick, pale fulvous, with strong concentric wrinkles, gaping and obliquely subtruncated at both extremities, ventrally incurved. 4^ . . 8|. — Mediterranean. P. Zelanica. Quoy. Ai^t. t. 83. /. 7, 8, 9. Regularly oval- ohlong, subequilateral, transversely and irregularly wrinkled, anterior end nearly closed, posterior with a very wide gape ; umbones very small and but little prominent. — N. Zealand. In form and size it approaches the Lutrarice. P. Australis. Sow. G.f. 2.— Reeve, t. 27. f. 2. Ovate-ob- long, transverse, roughly wrinkled concentrically, rather bi'oad at the anterior end ; all but truncated obliquely at the shorter poste- rior extremity. P. Arctica. Gould Mas. p. ^7. f. 27. — Glycimeris A. Lam. — Oblong, somewhat cylindrical, strong, anterior side twice as long as the rounded posterior and truncated ; widely gaping at both ends, ti-aversed by two radiating wavelike ridges which divide the surface into three portions. If . . 2^. — Newfoundland. Nottmlike Mya Truncata.^ GLYCIMERIS. Transverse, gaping widely at each extrernity ; hinge callous, destitute of teeth ; ligament external. PHOLADOMYA. Thin, rather hyaline, transverse ventricose ; posteriorly short and rounded, anteriorly slightly elongated and gaping, the dorsal edge also gaping a little : hinge with a small rather elongated triangular pit, and a marginal lamina in each valve, to the outer part of which is attached the rather short external ligament ; muscular impres- sions two, which as well as the palleal scar are indistinct. P. Candida. Sow. G. — Reeve, t. 32. Oblong, white, the central portion covered with decussated divaricating striee, which proceed from the umbo downwards. 2f . . 1^. 1 A most elegant species with radiating ribs, which I have lately seen, has, I believe, been described by Eichwold (as a Glycimeris), in his account of the shells of the Caspian Sea. I have not suc- ceeded in procuring the work, and consequently cannot give a name to the species. TRIBE MYARIA. 19 Glycimeris Siliqua. Lam. 1. — Bl. t. 80. /. 3.— Reeve, t. 28.— Sow. 6^.— Mya Siliqua. D.p. 49.— Ch. f. 1934. Mya PiCEA. W. t. 2. /. 10. Thick, strong, oblong, covered with a black friable epidermis and generally decorticated about the beaks ; witliin, bluish white. I..l|. — Newfoundland. The valves are often internally Jilled with a deposition of extraneovs slielly -matter,- G. Edentula. Etch. Zool. Spec. — Mya E. Pallas Itin. no. 93. — D.'p. 48. — Wood, G. C. p. 96. Equivalve, oval, with a large hiatus, white, somewhat grooved transversely, and marked with about 33 striae on each valve, which are more distant at the narrower than at the broader end ; hinge edentulous, with a thick reflected lip. . 1 long. — Caspian Sea.^ TRIBE MYARIA. Shells having a broad spoon-like tooth in each valve, or in one only ; gaping at both extremities, or only at one end : ligament internal. MYA. Transverse, gaping at both ends, with one large dilated projecting rounded and nearly vertical cardinal tooth in the left valve, and with a hollow in the opposite valve : ligament internal, short, thick and inserted in the hollow of the primary tooth, and in the pit of the other valve. M. Truncata.* Lin. 1111.— i>. p. 42.— Lam. l.—Ch.f. I, 2.— Don. t. 92.— Pen. 4. p. 78. t. 41. f \4.—Turt. B. p. 31.— Mont. p. 32.—List.t.42S.— W. t. 2. f. 1. Ovate, ventricose, coarse, truncated at the anterior end, posteriorly rounded, ventral margin nearly straight ; white, covered by a brownish-yellow tough wrinkled epidermis, concentrically wrinkled ; tooth round, obtuse, entire, and projecting forwards. 2 .. 2\. — N. Europe.* M. Arenaria.* Lin. \\\2.— Reeve. t.33.—Sow. G. — Bl. t. 77. f ].—D. p. 42.— Lam. 2.—Ch.f. 3,4.— Mawe. t.4.f. \.—W.t. 2.f. 2. — Don. t. 85. — M. Acuta and Mercenaria, Say. Ovate, thick, rounded at both extremities, but slightly attenuated and pro- duced at the anterior end, moderately ventricose, dull whitish or pale chesnut under a wrinkled brown or chesnut epidermis ; inside glossy white with the syphonal scar larger than in the last ; hinge - G. Arctica, La7n. 2, is a Panopea. ^ See too the Lseviuscula, PUcata, and Vitrea of the same work. * M. Ovalis* Turt. Biv. is a young variety of this species. c 2 20 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. composed of a rounded tooth whicli projects forward, and a smaller acute one by the side of it. 3.. 5|. — N. Kurope.^ M. Cancellata. Conr. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. /. p. 236. t. 18. f. 2. Subelliptical, ventricose, with numerous prominent slightly undulated concentric striae ; a slight furrow extends from beak to base, posterior side with radiating striae, umbo prominent, anterior side short: tooth very erect, dilated, biemarginate. ^. . 2. — U. California. M. Semistriata. Nobis in Zool. Pr. 1843. Ovate-oblbng, sub- equilateral, tumid, posteriorly rounded, anteriorly attenuated ven- trally and subtruncated at the extremity; white, thin, pellucid; pos- terior area smooth, the central with crowded fine radiating strise which anteriorly become fine ribs and terminate at the anterior slope which is rougliened by transverse sublamellar wrinkles: tooih resem- bling that of Arenaria but more oblique. ^. . 1. — 1 have seen hut one valve. ANATINA. Transverse, aiibequivalve, gaping at one or both ends. Primary/ tooth naked, dilated, spoon-shaped, soviewliat projecting internalli/ and 7'eceivinfj the ligament in each valve. In many species, an affixed laniina or false rib ruyis obliquely under the cardinal teeth. A. Lantern A. Lain. 1. — Born. p. 23. vignette 6. — Solen Spen- gleri, W. t. 3.f. 30. Ovate, rounded at each extremity, and not beaked anteriorly ; very thin, fragile, swollen, pellucid and white. 1 ..2. — Indian Ocean. A. Truncata. Lam 2. (partly) — Del. t. 3./. 2. Ovate, thin, white, transversely striated, anteriorly subtruncated, roughened by minute raised dots : subnacreous within. — China. ? A. Subrost'rata. Lam. 3. — Solen Anatinus. Lin. Gmel. no. 8.—D. p. db.— Ch. f. 46, 49,.— E. t. 228./. 3. — W. t. 3.f. 13. Ovate, membranaceous, pellucid, white and very thin gibbous, a very short minute radiating fissure at the beaks : anterior end gaping the more widely and subrostrated. 1^..2. — Indian Ocean and New Holland. A. Globtjlosa, Lam, 5. — Mya Anatina, Gmel. 3221. — D.p. 44. — Ch.f. 13 to 16. — W.t.2.f.6. Subglobose, the anterior side very short and gaping, hiatus with a marginated border ; thin but firm, decussated, white and pellucid. 1. — Africa. A. Trapezoides. Lam 6. — E.t. 230. f 6, — Osteodesma T. SI. t. 76. f. 8. Rounded-trapeziform, one side very short and truncated, the other rounded ; slightly inequivalve, convex, thin, ^ Mya Erodona, Lam. 3, is a Corbula. Mya Solemyalis belongs to OSTEODOMA. TRIBE MYARIA. 21 pellucid, smooth ; pearly withiu, and the hinge with an oblique, shallow, spoon-shaped tooth. |..l. — Brazil." A. RuGosA. Lam. /. Shape square with the angles rounded off, convex, thin, pellucid, obliquely wrinkled. — St. Dumingo. Rather smaller than the last, and the teeth less isolated. A. Imperfecta. Lam. 8, Ovate, scarcely equivalve, the ante- 2 Deshayes makes this species the type of Periploma Schu- macher, which is thus characterised. Oval, very inequivalve and extremely inequilateral, one side short, subtrancated and but sligJitly gaping : hinge in each valve with a straight and oblique spoon-like tooth, forming with the upper margin a deep slope, in which is locked a small triangular shelly substance, which adheres by a portion of the ligament : muscular impression of the trun- cated end very straight and marginal, of the other extremity very small and rounded. P. Lenticularis. Sorv. Z. P. 1834. Elliptical, lenticular, sequivalve, white, dvdl, thin : epidermis very thin : posterior dorsal edge sinuated and forming an angle with the posterior margin. Ai . .-Jg. — L^le of JIuerta. P. Argentaria. Conr. Journ. A. N. S. 7. p. 238. t. 18. f. 8. Elliptical, anterior side short, subangulated, slightly reflected, ex- tremity nearly direct, truncated ; beaks rather prominent : apophysis produced, very oblique ; nacre silvery. 2. — U. California. P. Planiuscula. Sow. Z. P. 1834. Oblong, flattish, insequi- valve, whitish, dull, thinnish ; the posterior side shoi't, somewhat wrinkled, subtruncated and somewhat sloping at its edge : dorsal edge straightish : epidermis thin and palish. l|^..2|^. — W. Co- lumbia. A. Myalis, Lam. 9, belongs to Leach's genus THRACIA. Oval oblongj s^ibequilateral, inequivalve, slightly gaping at each extremity. Hinge consisting of a more or less prominent hori- zontal spoon-shaped tooth, which receives the ligament. Palleal scar deeply imp)resscd. T. PuBESCENS.* Blainv. — Mya Declivis. part. D. p. 43. — W. t. 2./. A.— Wood. G. C. t. 18./. 2.— Anatina P. Tart. B. (young) t. 4. /. 3. — A. Myalis. Lam. 9. — Kiener Thracia, t. 2. f. 2. Ovate oblong, subventricose, inequivalve, subequilateral, ashy white, posteriorly rounded, anteriorly subtruncated and angulated : hinge furnished with a spoon-shaped process in each valve, whose cavity is divided by a single tooth or ridge. 2^.. 3^ — T['. Kurope. T. Plicata. Desk. E. vol. 3. p. 1039.— Kiener Thracia, p. 6. t. 2. f. 3. (bad) — Reeve, t. 35. f. 2. Ovate-oblong, transverse. 22 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA, rior end shortened, thin, smooth, white, transparent, with an ante- rior rib : hinge with a narrow tooth which is united to the margin. 1#. — New Holland.^ eequilateral, insequivalve, depi'essed, transversely plaited, smooth, white, thin, polished, posteriorly rounded, anteriorly obliquely truncated, somewhat compressed. 1^. T. Phaseolina.* Kiener, 2. f. 4. — Amphidesma P. Lam. II. — Mya Declivis. 3Iont. t. 1./. 2.— Wood. G. C. t. 18./. 3. — AnatinaD. Turt. B. p. 47. Ovate-oblong, transverse, subde- pressed, subsequilateral, inequivalve, white, subdiaphanous, finely striated transversely, anteriorly shorter, angulated and truncated. 1 . . ^. — Blediterranean, ifc. T. SiMiLis. Covthouy in Boston Journ. 1839. p. 150. t. 4.f. 3. Ovate-oblong, rough with minute granules, whitish, or ash colour, semitransparent, inequilateral, anteriorly much longer attenuated, truncated and subcompressed ; ventral margin little rounded, not at all sinuated ; within white, not glossy, hinge with a subtriangular hollow ; external ligament small and slightly prominent : beaks not jirominen t . 1 J^-. — Brazil. T. CoNRADi. CoittJ)ouy, in Boston Jour, of N. H. 1839. t. 4. f. 2.— T. Declivis. Com: Am. Conch, t 9./. 2.— Gould. Mas. p. .50. Transversely ovate, ashy white, not shagreened, ventricose, subssquilateral, fragile, little gaping, margin much sinuated, anteriorly longer, subtruncated, posteriorly rounded, the beaks prominent, the anterior slope obtusely keeled. 2-^^. — New England. T. CoNVEXA.* Couthouy in Bost. J. of N. H. 1839.— Mya C. Wood. G. t. 18./. \.— W. t. 2./3.— Anatina C. Turt.B. t. 4. / 1, 2. Obovate, posteriorly broad and rounded, anteriorly atte- nuated, obliquely truncated, longer, with an obtuse ridge from the protuberant umbones, to the ventral margin, which as well as the anterior is sinuated ; very convex, thin, white under an ochreous epidermis, with numerous striae of growth : inside yellowish. If ..2. — England. T. CoRBULOiDES. Dcsli. in Lam. ?■ p- 83. — Kiener Thracia. t. 2./; 3.—BL t. 76. f. 7. —Reeve, t. 35./. 3. Transversely ovate- oblong, inequilateral, greyish-white, minutely shagreened, very inequivalve, with irregular concentric strise, anterior side the longer and attenuated, posteriorly obtusely rounded ; beaks large, ventral margin with a prominent outward curve in the centre : within milk- white, glossy. If. .2^ — 3Iediterranean. T. CuRTA. Conr. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. 7. p. 248. t. 19./. 8. Suboval, inequilateral, posteriorly obtusely rounded and shorter, anterior margin direct, subrectilinear, obtusely rectangular above and below ; umbonal slope angulated. ^. — California. ^ A Rapicola, Lam. 10, and A. Longirostris, Lam. 4, are Corbulse. TRIBE MYARIA. 23 A. NicoBAKiCA. Orai/.—Mw N. Gmel. 3221.— Z>. j). 44.— Ch. f. 17, >i.— \Vood. G. C. p. 97.— TF. (. 2./. 11 —Ovate ob- long, white, equivalve, with decussated striae ; convex broad and rounded at one end, at the other attenuated, subtruncated, flat and gaping : hinge subcentral, the spoon-shaped tooth broad and per- pendicular. 1^.. If. — Nicohar Isles. - A. Globosa. Gray.— M.Yk G. Wood. G. C. p. 95. t. 24. /. 4, 5, 6. — D. p. 44. — W. t. 2.f. 5. Suborbicular, with transverse strise decussated by longitudinal ones on the anterior side only : hiatus terminating in a sharp reflected margin. — diam. |. A. CosTATA. Sorv.Z. P. 1834. Oblong, white, anteriorly beaked, posteriorly rounded ; with 8 radiating ribs, becoming smaller towards the posterior end. 2_-3_ — Ainerica. Inform like long irostris. A. Elliptica. Kintf inZ. J. 5.— Grif. Cuv. Mol t. 22. f. 3. Elliptic, rather thin, transversely striated, posteriorly subtruncated : the epidermis brown and thin. \^..2^. — New S. Shetland.^ A. Pr^tenius* Turt. B.p. 48. t. A.f. 4.— Mya P. Pen. A. p. 160. t. 50./. \.—Don. 5. t. 176.— TFoor/. G. C. p. 94. t. 24./. 7, 8, 9.— Dor. Cat. t. A.f. 7.— W. t. 2./. 5. Oval-oblong, subequi- lateral, depressed, white, rounded at both ends, anteriorly attenuated ; dorsal edges sloping, the ventral sub -anteriorly incurved : teeth oval and horizontally projecting inwards. 1 . . 1^. — lEngland. A. Distorta.* Turt. Biv.p. 48. t. 4. /. 5.— Mya D. 3Iont. ]). 42. t. \.f. 1. — W. t. 2. /. 15. — D. p. 45. Convex, very variable in shape, being orbicular oblong or kidney-shaped, with the margin variously indented not rarely entire ; teeth rounded and projecting inwards. |. — England. A. Papyracea. Say. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. 2. p. 314. — Sil. J. 28. p. 347. / {.—'Gould. Mas. p. 48. /. 28. Turgid, very thin, ovate, one valve very convex and its ventral edge projecting shghtly beyond the other ; beaks not prominent, placed near one 2 A. Membranacea. Gray.— Mya M. Gmel. 3222.— D. /;. 48. — Olaffsen. Isl. res. 2. p. 2."^. 11. / 10.— TF. t. 2./ 14. Oval, membranaceous, white, produced on one side so as to form a beak ; margin reflected ; hinge toothless . 1 . — Iceland. We have copied the original figure of this specie.^, but are unable to identify the shell. 3 Closely allied if not identical is the A. Prismatica. Sow. Z. P. 1834. Oval, subtrapeziform, thickish, opaque, with the nacre prismatic ; posterior side truncated, the gape very large : an internal subumbonal lamella in each valve, running downwards from the tubercle which supports the ligament, with a branch of the horny ligament almost parallel to it, posteriorly inclined. \4;..2-^'fy — New S. Shetland. 24 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. end ; white, nearly smooth ; shorter side a little gaping and with a longitudinal wave ; tooth long, narrow, very oblique. f-^§.-- U. States. Ossiculum not unlike tiro crescents joined at the ex- tveniities. A Leana. Conr. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. 6. t. U. f. 11.— CoCHLODESMA L. GouUl. Mas. f. 29, 30. Inequivalve, ellip- tical, subcompressed, very thin and fragile, white with a yellowish slightly polished epidermis, posteriorly rather shorter and slightly more obtuse, with a linear gape ; margin waved, beaks very small. \^.— U. States. A. Er.ONGATA. Stutch. Z. J. 5. t. .sup. 43. /. 9, 10. Trans- versely elongated, inequivalve, inequilateral, pellucid, sinus of the palleal scar elongated towards the anterior side, -x^.-i- A. Brevis. Stutch. Z. J. 5. p. 99. t. sup. 43./. 1, 2. -Pan- dora B. Sow. Plano-convex, subtriangular, transversely striated ; one valve convex, with two depressed transversely lamellated ribs on the posterior extremity, the other slightly concave, the dorsal edge inflected and inserted into a sulcus in the opposite valve; hinge with an internal triangular cartilage, and a supervening shelly piece ; umbo reflected posteriorly, f . -I- ^ ' Can these four last shells be justly considered Anatinse ? Deshayes in his new edition of Lamarc introduces the genus OsTEODOMA, which he thus characterises : Oblong, transverse, tri- angular, thin, inequivalve, slightly gaping at its extremities ; hinge linear, having on each valve a very narrow apophysis, firmly adherent along the dorsal edge of the valves, and a quadrangular shelly sub- stance kept between them by the ligament, to which its entire upper surface adheres : muscular impressions small, the posterior one elon- gated, the anterior rounded : palleal scar excavated posteriorly. 0. CoRBULoiDEs.* Dcsh. — Mya Norv^^egica. Gmel. 3222. D.p. 48.— Ch.f. 1647, S.— W. t. 2./. \3. — Tur. Blv. t.3.f. 6, 7. Ovate-oblong, rounded at one end, waved and truncated at the other ; thin, inequivalve, semitransparent, white under a brown epidermis, finely striated concentrically, beaks usually decorticated. i..l.— iV. Europe. O. SoLEMYALis. Desk. — MvA S. Lam. 4. Transversely ob- long, white, obtuse at the extremities, slightly gaping anteriorly, the posterior side very short, the anterior more produced and obliquely rayed. Wants but the hinge to make it a Solemya. — New Holland. 0. Hyalina. Couthouy. — Gould Alas. f. 10. — Mya H. Conr. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. 6. t. 11./. 12.— Lyonsia H. Conrad. Am. C. t. 11./. 2. Oblong, extremely thin, fragile, pellucid, posteriorly short and rounded, anteriorly produced, attenuated, slightly reflected and truncated at the extremity, epidermis pale with radiating rugose TRIBE MYARIA. 25 A. OvALis. Stuich. Z. J. 5. t. sup 43. f. 7, 8. Inequivalve, thin, pellucid, posteriorly truncated : more convex valve sulcated at the upper edge, and receiving the inflected edge of the other valve which is slightly convex ; hinge with an oblique elongated internal cartilage. ^^4^ A. Pandoriformis. Stutch. Z. J. 5. t. sup. 43. f. 3, 4. Plano-convex, subovate, with transverse distant striae ; convex valve posteriorly carinated and truncated, the other valve slightly concave; hinge with a flat testaceous piece attached by the cartilage to the cardinal pits ; an indistinct depressed line obliquely crossing the internal disc of each valve, from the umbones to the ventral mar- gin. V^9. A. Crassa. Stutch. Z.J. 5. p. 100. t. sup. 43. /. 5, 6. Thick, subtriangular, inequivalve, transversely ribbed : one valve slightly convex, posterior side of both valves carinated, with a smooth cordate posterior depression. 5_o, striae towards the ventral edge and anterior end, where the epidermis is wrinkled ; beaks prominent, inside polished, tooth broad, erect, little elevated, with its anterior edge fitting into the slight groove of a projecting plate in the opposite valve, l-.-f. — U- States. 0. Elongata. Grat/ in Brit. 3Ius. — A Truncata. Lam. in part. Nearly thrice as broad as long, very inequivalve, beaks situated at l^ths the distance from the rounded posterior extremity, ventral and dorsal edges but little carved, subparallel in the centre ; ante- riorly subrostrated but truncated at the extremity, the gape very large ; very fragile, pellucid, the epidermis with fine radiating hues not visible on the disc. ^.. 1 \. — Mediterranean. 0. Brevifrons. — Lyonsia B. Sum. Z. P. 1834. Oblong, palish, the epidermis obscure and horny : posteriorly short and acuminated, anteriorly longer and attenuated ; dorsal edge anteriorly elongated and straightish, posteriorly short and sloping, ventral edge with a large elongated sloping gape at the posterior extremity. -3^^. — W. Columbia. 0. PiCTA. — Lyonsia p. Soiv. Z. P. 1834. Obovate, anteriorly rounded, thin, anteriorly broader ; the epidermis brown, painted with wavy black lines : dorsal edge sloping posteriorly, anteriorly straightish ; ventral edge with a small posterior gape, anteriorly rounded, ^^-^o^''. — TF. Columbia. 0. CuNEATA. — Anatina C. Gray. Spic. Z. t. 3. f. 14. Solid, irregular, subequivalve, oblong- wedgeshaped, anteriorly pro- duced, posteriorly very short, subtruncated and rounded ; with irregular concentric wrinkles, pearly Avithin ; periostraca hard, greenish, extending beyond the margin ; hinge almost toothless, with a large moveable oblong tooth-like appendage, ^..lo- — Peril. 26 testaceous mollxjsca. Section Tenuipedes. The mantle barely united before ; foot small, and compressed ; shell having but a moderate gape. TRIBE MACTRACEA. Equivalve shells, frequently gaping at the lateral extremities ; with an internal ligament, or partly external, and the animal having a small compressed foot. LUTRARIA. Inequilateral, transversely oblong, or rounded, gaping at the ex- tremities ; hinge with one tooth, which is somewhat complicated, or two teeth, of which one is simple, with a?i adjoining deltoid hollow, which is oblique, and ])rominent within; no lateral teeth; ligament internal, attached to the cardinal pits. * Transversely oblong. L. SoLENOiDES. Lam. l.—Bl. t. 11. f. 3.—Som. G.f. 1.— Mya Oblonga. Gm. 3221. — Mactra Hyans. D. p. 146.— Mont. p. \0\.—Do7i. t. 140.— CA./. 12.— W. t. 16./. 37.- L. Oblonga. Turt. B. p. 64. t. b.f. 6. Oblong, the posterior side short and rounded, the anterior produced and obtuse, margins nearly parallel, the dorsal slightly incurved ; yellowish-white or rufous under a thick epidermis, with irregular rugged transverse strise ; hinge with a grooved, flattish, tooth, locking between two others in the opposite valve. 2^. — Europe. L. Elliptica. Lam. 2. —Turt. B. p. 65. — Mactra Lutra- ria. Lin. Gmel.^2b9.— W. t.6f.36.—3Iont.p. 99.— D. p. 145. —list. t.4\5. J. 259.— C/i. /. 240, \.—Don. 2. t. 58. Oblong, nearly equivalve, marked only with the lines of growth and remote obsolete ridges, anterior side the longer, rounded and slightly gaping at both ends, yellowish white under a thin close cuticle. 2.. 3^. — Europe. L. RuGosA. Lam. 3. — Mactra Rugosa. Gmel. 3261. — D. p. 145.— Ch. f. 236. 1.—E. t. 254. f 2.—W. t. 6./. 33. Transversely ovate, yellowish-white, marked with strong longitudinal and obsolete transverse striee, except at the extremities which are smooth and somewhat glabrous. — Europe. L. Egyptiaca. C'ra//.— Mact. E. D. p. 145.— Ch. f 1955, 6. — TF. t. 6. f. 34. Oblong-oval, obtuse at the extremities, ven- tral margin little curved ; white under a yellowish epidermis, longi- tudinally striated. 1 . .|. — Bed Sea. L. Elongata. — Gray. Mag. Nat. 1837. Elongated, ovate- TRIBE MACTRACEA. 27 lanceolate, solid, white, tapering anteriorly oblique : slightly gaping anteriorly; a distinct lozenge, edged with a raised line ; anterior lateral teeth wanting in the adults.— Pz-mt-e of Wales' Island. L. Ensis. Quoy. Ast.t. 83. f. 5, 6. Elongated-ovate, narrow, transverse inequilateral, arcuated, yellowish-grey, with irregular transverse grooves ; anterior side rounded and very short. 3. — N. Zealand. * * Orbicular or sub -triangular. L. CoMPRESSA. Lain. 4. — L. Piperata. Lam. 5. — Bl. t. 77. f. 2.— Mactra Piperata. Gmel. 3261.— Z>. p. U2.—Ch.f. 21. —E. i.257./.4.— M, LisTERi. W. t. 6./. 25.~Tellina Plana. Don. t. 64./. 1.— LiGULA C. Mont. p. 96.— Listera C. Turt. B. p. 51. t. 5.f. 1. Thin, compressed, triangularly rounded, yellowish-white, finely but irregularly striated transversely, semi- pellucid ; beaks very small and central ; a distinct lozenge, edged with a raised line ; a single tooth in one valve looking into a bifid one in the opposite, no lateral teeth. 1^. ..H. — -Europe. L. Tellinoides. Lam. 6. — Deles, t. 3. f. b. Ovate, sub- triangular, thin, pellucid, white, with fine, unequal, transverse, strise; posterior side short, obliquely truncated, and somewhat plaited. 1 . — Guinea P L. Candida. Lam. 7 . Ovate, thin, pellucid, white, with un- equal transverse strise : posterior side the longer. L. Papyracea. I^am. 8. — Sow. G. — Reeve, t. 41./. 2. — Mactra Recurva. W. S.f. 2.— An. L. Lineata. Say. Am. Conch, t. 9. Roundish-ovate ; thin, pellucid, transversely striated, with very fine longitudinal strise in an isolated place near the anterior side, which is widely gaping and marked with an elevated longitudinal line on each valve. — Indian Ocean. L. Pltcatella. Lam. 9. — An. Mactra Papyracea Gmel. 3257 t—D. p. 133 1—Ch.f. 231 ? Ovate-rounded, thin, pellucid, white, with numerous fine transverse plaits ; anterior side short and sub-angulated. — N. America.^ ^ This species is in all probability the Tellina Angulata of Lin- naeus, whose own specimens are undoubtedly Lutrarise. I have given copies of Delessert's figure of Tellinoides and Wood's Angulata. T. Angulata. Lin. — Ch.f. 75. — D. p. 75. — Wood, G. C. p. 146. t. 43. f. 1. — W.t. 3.f. 5. Triangular-ovate, anteriorly much shorter, bent and angulated ; white, sub-inflated, nearly smooth, ven- tral edge but little curved, ligament very small ; no lateral teeth. " It is not absolutely impossible, that this at present rather doubt- ful species, may prove to be identical with the L. Canaliculata. Say Jour. A. N. S. Phil. 2. 2'- 311. — Mactra Campechensis. Gray in W. S. t. 1. /. 3. — An. 28 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. L. Crassiplica. Lam. 10. — An. varwty. E. t. 255. f. 2? Rounded-ovate, thin, pellucid, white, convex, with tolerably large and regular transverse plaits ; posterior side very short. 1^. — Indian Ocean 1 L. Com PLAN ATA. Lavi.W. — Mactra C. Gmel. 2>2Q\.—W. t. 6. /. 35.— M. Planata. B. p. 145.— jEJ. t. 258./. A.—Ch.f. 238.' Ovate-oblong, thin, finely striated and ridged transversely, compressed, hinge margin nearly straight ; anterior lateral teeth very distinct and simple in each valve. \\. — Indian Ocean. L. Cottardi. Puyr. j). 28. t. 1. /. 1, 2.— Phil. p. 10. Triangularly oval, compressed, pellucid, shining, sub-equilateral, posterior side sub-angulated, anterior rounded ; white with fine transverse striae, umbones acute and very small ; ligamental pit oblique and very small ; teeth obsolete. — Mediterranean. L. Vitrea. Gra^.— Mactra V. D. p. 133. — Ch.f. 1959, 0.— W. t. 6.f. 4. Ovate somewhat heart-shaped, very brittle, white, diaphanous, transversely plaited ; anterior depression lanceolate, posterior ovate oblong ; hinge much nearer the posterior end. 1 . . 1 j. — Coromandel and Ceylon. L. Squamosa. (?/■«?/.— Solen S. Mont. p. 565. — D- p. 70. —Lepton S. Turt. Blv. p. 62. t. 6./. 1, 2, 3. Flat, nearly orbicular, equivalve, inequilateral, pellucid, thin, white, obscurely wrinkled, concentrically punctured in a scale-like manner, beak small and pointed. t:'|j..-i%. — England, rare^ MACTRA. Tratisverse, i?) equilateral, suhtrigonal, sides slightly (japing : beaks pyroniinent : one primary compressed Y -shaped tooth in each valve and an adjacent heart-shaped cavity ; two lateral com- pressed teeth, situated ?iear the hinge and inserted ; ligament internal and inserted in the pit of the hinge. M. SoLiDissiMA. Chem. f. 1656. — D. p. 140. — Gould. Mas. List. t. 308./. 141. Transversely oval- orbicular, very thin, white, inflated, equally concentrically and regularly grooved, with very faint parallel lines v/ithin the grooves, posteriorly short, sub-cunei- form, compressed ; a marginal, longitudinal, n-regular, sub-impressed line, between which and the edge the grooves become mere wrinkles; posterior dorsal edge straightish, the gape considerable; anteriorly regularly curved, the slope convex. 2..2g. — U. States. 1 Add C. Cyprinus. Gray. W. S. t. \.f. 1. See too L. Lin- EATA. Say. Am. C. t. 9. — L. (Cryptodon) Nuttalii, Conrad. Jour. A.N. S. Phil. 7.t.\8.f.\ TRIBE MACTRACEA. 29 — W. t. 6.f. 22.— M. GiGANTEA. Larn. \.—E. t. 259. /.I. Solid, oval, subtriangular, nearly smooth ; under a thin whitish or yellowish epidermis, pale fulvous, opaque, the ventral edge little arcuated, slopes smooth ; hinge nearly but not quite central, the lateral teeth cross ribbed and elongated. 4. — I^erc York. M. Spengleri. Lam. 2.~GmeL 3256.— Z>. p. 132. — Ch. f. 199, 0, l.—E. t. 252./. 3. -Reeve, t. 42./. \.— Sow. G.f. 1.— W. t 6/1. Triangular, smooth, both slopes flat, the anterior chiefly so, subdiaphanous, pale brownish ; beaks distant, separated by a transverse crescent-shaped gap, which contains the ligament. 2 , .3. — Cape of Good Hope. M. Striatella. Lam. 3. — E. t. 255. / 2. Large, pellucid, convex, white, anterior slope obliquely striated, bounded by an obtuse angle ; beaks substriated ; lateral teeth short and smooth. — India. Laryer but bearing some resemblance to the next. M. Striatula. Lin. 1125.— i>. /;. 133.— Kn. 6. t. 34./ I — M Carinata. Lam. 4.—E. t. 251./ l.-M. Alata. W. S.f. 7. Triangular, pellucid, white, convex ; beaks smooth ; hinge rather nearer the posterior than the anterior side which is bounded by an elevated plate with raised angles ; anterior lateral tooth small and close, the posterior elongated. — E. Indies ? M. Glauca.* Gmel. 3260.— Z>. p. 144.— PF. t. 6./ 30. — Ch. f. 232. — M. Helvacea Lam. 5. — Neapolitana. Poli. t. 18./ 1, 2, 3. Triangularly oval, dii'ty white rayed with fulvous becoming by age of an obscurely rayed red colour, rather depressed, striated transversely ; beaks not quite central, smooth, and recurved, with a narrow gape beneath them. 2\..3\.— Spain and Italy. M. Stultorum. Lin. 1126.— D. p. 138.— Law. 7.— Ch.f. 224, 5.— Mont. p. 94.— Turt. B. p. 72.— E. t. 256./ 3.— Don. t. 106.— ^r. t. 6./ 18.— Tellina Radiata. Pen. A.p.S7.t.A9. / 30. Ovate triangular, thin, slightly depressed from the beaks at each extremity, subchaphanous, nearly smooth, pale fulvous with obsolete white rays ; beaks nearly central, and, as well as the interior, purplish red. l^..lf. — Europe, the Atlantic." M. Grandis. Lam. 6.— Gmel. no. 12. — D. p. 139.— E. t. 253. / l. — Ch. f. 22S.— W. t. 6. / 19. Triangular, anteriorly the more produced and subrostrated, smooth, fawn colour with paler rays ; beaks tumid and violet-brown. 2|-..3^. — Nem Jersey? M. Maculosa. Lam. 8.— M. Ornata? Gray in Mag. N. H. 1837. Triangularly oval, livid rufous, speckled with white, and marked with paler rays, smooth, subinequilateral ; beaks and sides 2 The M. Cinerea* of Montagu, Pennant and Turton differs in being proportionately broader, of a pale drab with sometimes one or two obsolete white rays and never lilac internally. 30 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. purplish : within, with three purple spots on the dorsal edge. Ih. — China ? M. NiTiDA. Schroeter, vol. 3. /. 8./. 2.—D. j). 136. — fF. t. 6. f. 13. — M. Straminea. Lain. 9. Triangularly ovate, smooth, shining, diaphanous, white scarcely if at all rayed ; beaks ohsoletely rufous: ligament external, in an oblique triangular groove. Ig. — Cape of Good Hope. M. Glabrata. Lin. 1125.— J>. p. 136.— TF. t. 6. /. 12.— M. AusTRALis Lorn, 10. — Ck. J". 216, 7. Triangular, thickish, diaphanous, glabrous, finely striated transversely, tawny white : umbones very smooth ; interior with two or three purple stains. 2| . .3. — Neiv Holland. M. VioLACEA. G7nel. no. 18.— Z). p. 135.— ia?/i. 11.— C/t. f. 213, ^.—E. t. 254./. 1.— W. t. 6.f. 9. Triangularly ovate, sub- equilateral, thin, diaphanous, nearly smooth, violet within and without, but darker at the beaks and paler on the depressions of which the anterior is lanceolate, the posterior oblong, anterior lateral tooth short and approximate. 2^.. 3. — Tranquehar. M. Fasciata. Lam.\2. Gnalt.Jl. B. (tolerable) Triangular, ventricose, thin, smooth, subdiaphanous, white with distant violet zones ; anterior slope striated and very pale ; violet within ; variety ; with pale fulvous rays. — Atlantic? M. TuRGiDA. Gmel. 3260.— D. p. l^A.—Lani. 12,.— Ch. f. 210, 212.— j^. t. 255./. Z.-—W. t. 6./ 8. Triangularly ovate, ven- tricose, thin, smooth, pellucid, pale ochraceous, finely striated, transversely and wrinkled at both ends ; umbones incurved and pale reddish purple ; within, white with a large purple stain under the hinge. 2..2|-. — Tranquehar. M. Plicataria. Lin. 1\25.— D. p. 132.— Lam. 14.— Ch. f. 202, 3, 4.— M. SuBPLicATA. W. S. /. 6. Oblong, thin, dia- phanous, pale dull brownish-white, strongly plaited transversely both inside and out ; hinge much nearer the anterior than the posterior extremity, both depressions flattened, the oblong posterior the most so. If ..21^. — Indian Ocean. M. RuFESCENS. Lam. 15. Triangularly ovate, sub-equilateral, solid, rather tumid, reddish fulvous, slopes striated, smooth near the beaks w^hich are approximate, but with coarse plait-like striae to- wards the ventral margin, which is much arcuated but anteriorly incurved slightly ; inside opaque white, the teeth strong, the V- shaped one large, the lateral smooth, moderately distant, sub-equal. 1|..2. — New Holland. M. Maculata. Om. 3260.— i). p. 134.— Lam. 16.— Ch. f. 208, 9.— E. t. 254. / 3.— TF. t. 6. /. 7. Obtusely triangular, slightly angulated at the anterior and rounded at the posterior depressed extremity, inflated, thin, white, with scattered reddish chesnut spots. 1 f . . 2^ . — Nicobar Isles. TRIBE MACTRACEA. 31 M. SuBPLiCATA. Lam.. 1/. — Cli.f. 205, 6. Triangular, thin white, somewhat plaited at the sides near the beaks, disc smooth ; hinge with a lateral bilobed tooth. — A large species intermediate betrveen Carinata and Striaiella, having its anterior slope on each side bounded by an angle as in. Plicataria. M. Triangularis. Lam. 19,.— E. t. 253. /. 3. Triangular, solid, white with transverse plaits and scattered chesnut spots which become larger as they approach the margin ; slopes grooved ; lateral teeth cross-ribbed and elongated. — Tite figure quoted by Laniarc is nearly twice as broad as it is long, depressed and marked with darker transverse bands on the depressions. A.. 14-. M. Lactea. La77i. 19. — An. Gmel. no. 11? — M. Solida. Payr. p. 30. — Poli. 1. t. 18./. 13,4. (magnified).— A^.M.Corai.- LiNA. Lin. ? Ovate-triangular, sub-equilateral, rather longer and slightly narrower posteriorly, very white, sub-turgid, thin, pellucid, delicately striated concentrically, the ventral edge much rounded, f . — Mediterranean. Poli represents tlie depressions as very strong and apparently grooved. M. Abbreviata. Lam. 20. Obtusely triangular, transversely shortened, white with the depressions elegantly plaited. If. — Port Jackson in New Holland. M. OvALiNA. Lain. 21. — Deless. t. 3. f. 7. Ovate, thin, pel- lucid, white, finely striated near the margin, anterior slope bounded by an angle; beaks very smooth. 1#. — Indian Ocean? M. Alba. Lam. 22. — Ch. f.'' 220, I'i-E. t. 254./. 5? Obtusely triangular, turgid, diaphanous ; with minute transverse strise, and a few longitudinal obsolete lines. 2. — Indian Ocean. M. Solida. Lin. 112G.— i>. p. MO.— Lam. 23.— Don. t. 61. —Ch. f. 229, O.—Mont. p. 92.— Turt. B. p. 67.— TF. t. 6./. 21. — List. t. 253. f. 87. Sub-triangular, nearly equilateral, thick, opaque, shghtly depressed from the beaks at both extremities, nearly smooth, with a few coarse concentric ridges, yellowish-white ; within glossy white and the lateral teeth striated. Ij . . If. — Europe.^ M. Squalida. Lam. 26. Sub-triangular, tumid, insequilateral, yellowish obscurely speckled with fulvous ; anterior side the longer, and stained with brown. 1^^^. — The shell I have figured agrees exactly with this brief description, but is, I fiear, no moj'e than a variety of Macidata. M. Brasiliana. Lam. 27. — An. M. Fragilis, Ch. f. 235.— An. D. p. 145. in part. — Turt. B. t. 4. /. 10. Ovate-elliptical, sub -equilateral, sub-triangular, nearly smooth ; anterior slope with obhquely diverging longitudinal striae, epidermis brown. 2f . — Rio ^ M. Castanea, Lam. 23, is a depressed and rubbed variety of this species, and M. Rufa, Lam. 24, is a rubbed Stultorum. 32 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. Janeiro. — The Oblonga of Say, in Journ. A, N. S. Phil. 2, and the Californica of Conrad, in the seventh vol. of the same work, are (to say the least) closely allied to this species. ^ M. Pellucida.* Chem.f. 234.--D. p. 144. -M. Depressa. Zam. 29.— M.Dealbata. 'Blont. j). 9.5. t. 5./. l.-IF. t. 6./. 32. Sub-ovate, thin, pellucid, white and convex ; disc smooth and depressed, the sides with somewhat plait-like strise. — Brazil. M. LisoR. Adansi'Ti Senegal, t. 17. _/. 16. Ovate-triang-ular, rather longer and more acuminated anteriorly ; thin, polished, smooth but grooved on the flattened slopes and towards the posterior ventral edge ; umbones rather distant ; lateral teeth, thin, laminar, moderately distant ; either pale fulvous with linear livid rays and the beaks and interior violet, or uniform white, or white with lilac zones and violet beaks, under which is a dark stain internally. A. . li. — Senegal, ^'c.^ M. Trigonella. Lam. 31. — E. 259./. 2? Triangular inequi- lateral white ; hinge with the teeth if any indistinct. — Day of Sea Dogs. M. Truncata. Mont. Sup. p. 34.—Turt.Biv. p. 68. -An. M. Triangularis. Ranieri 1 — M. Subtruncata, Don. t. 126. — M. Crassatella. Lam. 33. Triangular, equilateral, solid, convex, anteriorly sub-angulated, depressed from the beaks at both extremities, so that the sides almost form a rectangle at the prominent beaks, ventral edge short and rounded; yellowish white, irregularly striated by the lines of growth ; umbones large and pro- minent ; slopes and lateral teeth striated. l^..l^. — N. Europe. M. Subtruncata.* Mont. Sup. p. 93. t. 27. f. l.—D. p. U\.— Turt. B.p. 70. — W. t. 6. /. 2Z.—Fkm. p. 427. Oval- triangular, inequilateral, convex, whitish or yellowish horn colour, with regular coarse transverse striae ; one side truncated, the other produced in a straight line to a rather acute point ; beaks tumid, pro- minent without curvature ; lateral teeth striated, f ..1. — England. M. Australis. Sort), in Beech. Zool. p. \5A. an. t. 44. /. 6 1 Subtrigonal, ovate, convex, rounded and rather shorter posteriorly, attenuated and obtusely angulated anteriorly, the ventral edge much arcuated : white under a thin ashy epidermis, polished and nearly smooth : anterior slope obtusely defined, and the edge sloping outwards ; both depressions somewhat grooved : inside pure white, the lateral teeth large, moderately distant and entire. 1^. .1|^. — Swan River. 1 M. Donacia, Lam. 28, belongs to Mesodesma. 2 This latter variety is probably the Lilacea of Lam. 30. Ovate- triangular, solid, violet-white with violet beaks and zones, smooth, but towards the ventral edge, plicated ; within with a large fulvous spot beneath each beak. TRIBE MACTRACEA. 33 M. Elegans. Sow. Tank. Cot. t. 1. /. 3. — Desk, in Lam. G. •p. 107. Rounded triangular, the hinge margin nearly forming a right angle at the beak, whilst the ventral margin is all but a semicircle, tumid, thin, anterior slope sharply carinated ; yellowish white, with rounded concentric grooves : lateral teeth short small and approxi- mate. — Florida. A moi-e rounded and iumid shell than PUcataria. M. ViTREA. Grai/. Mag. N. H. 1837. Oblong trigonal, thin, white, pellucid, umbones incurved, sub-anterior ; posterior slope flattened, edge waved ; anterior slope compressed, its depression elongated, with a slight riblike raised edge ; lunule depressed, lan- ceolate : lateral teeth short, very small, and very approximate. 1^. M. Cygnea. Chem.f. 207.— -D. p. 134.— M. Cygnus. Gmel. 3260. — W. t. 6. /. 6. Ovate triangular, veutricose, slightly wrinkled transversely, solid, whitish, and anteriorly obliquely truncated : the posterior slope heart-shaped and finely striated : iimbones close : lateral teeth smooth. 14. — China. M. ExoLETA. Graij. Mag. N. II. 1837. Trigonal, white, thin, pellucid, slightly striated concentrically, covered with thin pale periostraca ; posterior slope compressed, produced, anterior slope ventricose, flattened, edged with a slightly raised keel : ante- rior latei'al teeth very small and close, the postei'ior one elongated. — Cape Horn. M. DiscoRS. Gray. ISIag. N. II. 1837. Ovate, trigonal, rather solid, ventricose, white ; umbones nearly close, with two diverging reddish lines ; anterior depression rather flattened, rugu- lose, margined by slightly raised lines, with two or three raised con- centric ones : lunule concentrically grooved : lozenge, smooth ; lateral teeth subequal and moderately distant. M. Reevesii. Gray. 3Iag. N. H. 1837. Wedge-shaped, thin, white, pellucid, striated concentrically : curved near the umbo : lateral teeth subequal, rather long and approximate : hinge margin two-edged. — China. M. Elongata. Quoy. Ast. t. f. Oblong-ovate, rather solid, smooth pale brown, covered with a rather thin olive epidermis : anterior slope slightly rugulose : lateral teeth close, rather short, the posterior one notched, the other sub-triangular. 1^. — New Zealand. M. SiMiLis. Gray, in W. S. t. I. f. 5. — Spisula S. Gray. Mag. Nat. H. 1837.— Beech. Z. t. 44./. 8.— M. Ovalis. Gould, p. 53? C/ide Gould.) Oblong ovate, rather thin, pale reddish white under an olive epidermis : anterior sloj^e slightly indicated : lateral teeth short, triangular, close. 2.-3. — Van Diemen'a Land. M. AspERSA. &om. Tank. CaL—M. Tenera. W. S. t. \. f. 4. Oblong, compressed, inequilateral, rather solid, smooth, but slightly rugulose on the anterior slope, and the posterior conceij- trically grooved : white, speckled with dark chesnut. 2, 34 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. M. Saulii. Gray. Annals. Nat. His. 1. Oval, sub-triangular, very depressed and thin, smooth, polished, sub-equilateral, rounded at the sides, pale yellowish with crowded pale chesnut rays ; slopes not striated, nor depressed, each with a transverse bar of cbesnut ; inside uniform white, the lateral teeth laminar and moderately dis- tant, the V-shaped tooth large. 1^. . 2. M. Nucleus. Conr. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. 6. f. 11. /. 4. Small, triangular, thick, with an obsolete concentric ridge ; umbones flattened and rectilinear, apices sub-central and very acute ; one of the slopes depressed ; lateral teeth strong ; inside pale brown. 5. — Ne7V Jersey} 1 See also the M. Cuneata of Chemnitz,/. 215. {D. 135.— TF. t. 6. /. 10.) figured with the hinge of Mactra and an external carti- lage ! We have given a copy. See too the M. Achatina, Chemnitz. {W.t. G./. 20.) To this genus may be attached the Mumni^ of Gray, which are thus characterised in the Magazine of Nat. History for 1837. " Ovate, trir/onal, suh-aixjidar at each end. Teeth lihe Mactra. Siphonal injiection ovate, distinct. Ligament internal! in a tri- angular groove in the upper surface q/' the deep oblique cartilage pit, quite Mdden. * Anterior slope circumscribed by a raised line. M. Typicus. Gray. Ovate, suborbicular, convex, solid : um- bones wide apart : area lozenge-shaped : lateral teeth very short, high, thick, round : cartilage pit projecting into the cavity of the shell. M. BicoLOR. Gray iyi Mag. N. H. 1837. Ovate, rather con- vex, solid, white ; umbones and anterior slope, orange, varied : lateral teeth short, compressed, triangular ; cartilage pit projecting into the cavity of the shell : (in the young, the anterior slope sepa- rated by a distinct line : umbones brownish.) * * Trigonal, anterior slope flattened. M. Lateralis. Gray. — Mact. L. Say. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. 2. p. 309.— Gould, f. 34, 5.— Co7ir. Am. C. t. 14. /. 2. Very convex, nearly smooth ; the lateral margins flattened, cordate with a straight, sometimes concave profile, the one rounded at the tip, the other longer and less obtuse: umbo sub-central, prominent. |..ia. — N. America. M. DoNACiFORMis. Gray. Mag. N. H. 1837. — Beechey. Z. t. 44. /! 13. Trigonal, anteriorly sub-cuneiform, posteriorly some- what rounded ; ventricose, white under a thin epidermis : anterior slope flattened, keeled on the edge. 2. — S. Seas. TRIBE MACTRACEA. 35 CRASSATELLA. Inequilateral, suhorhicular or transverse, closed ; primary teeth two, someirhat divergent, with a hollow at the side ; no lateral teeth, nor obsolete ones; ligament internal, inserted in a pit in each valve. C. KiNGicoLA. Lam. 1. — Sow. G.f. 2. — Reeve. Ic.f. 5. Ovate- orbicular, sub-gibbous ; yellowish-white under a brown epidermis, obsoletely rayed, with delicate transverse striae, the beaks plaited. 3. — Nero Holland. M. Edulis. Gray. Mag. N. H. 1837.— Mact. E. Z. J. 5. p. 335. (jjoung?) Ovate, thin, white, smooth, covered with a thin olive or reddish epidermis, forming two raised edges on the anterior slope: anterior slope white ; lateral teeth short, triangular. 2.. 2^. — Port Famine. * * * Anterior slope simple. M. Byronensis. Gray. — Beech. Z. t. 44. /. 11. Ovate, slightly triangular, white, rather solid ; lateral teeth short and rounded, (thinner when young).— >Si. America. M. ExALBiDA. Gray, in Mag. N. H. 1837. Ovate-oblong, white, rather thick ; umbones sub-anterior : lateral teeth short and thick, the posterior one sub-tubercular.— *Sf. America. M. Edults. Gray. 3Iag. N. H. 1837.— Mactra E. King. Z. J. 5. Sub-triangular, tumid, smoothish, squalid fulvous ; inside white, the lateral teeth prominent. 2..2|. — Port Famine. M. Lateralis. Gray. — Mactra L. Say. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. 2. p. 309.— Gould. Mas.f. 34, 5.— Conr. Am. C. t. 14./. 2. Triangular, very convex, nearly smooth ; lateral margins flattened, cordate, with a straight sometimes concave profile, one rounded at the tip, the other longer and less obtuse : umbo sub-central, pro- minent, i- -^f. — U. States. The shell, at present the sole representative of Mr. Gray's genus Gnathodon, cannot strictly be included under any of the La- marckian genera, it comes tolerably close however to Mactra. GNATHODON. Gray. Sub oval, equivalve, inequilateral, covered with an olive green cuticle, generally a little decorticated at the umbones ; a lateral and two cardinal teeth in one valve, two cardinal and two lateral in the other, the ligament in an intervening pit : sinus of the muscular scar small. G. CuNEATus. Gray. Mag. Nat. 1837. — Sow. G. — Reeve, t. 43. 36 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. C, DoNACiNA. Lam. 2. — Reeve. Ic. f. 19. — Del. t. 4. f. 1. Ovate-triangular, very inaequilateral, the posterior side being the shorter and rounded, gibbous, with small transverse striee and a thin reddish-brown epidermis ; beaks smooth and the depressions sunken — New Holland. — Variety. The beaks with wrinkled plaits. C. Sulcata, Lam. {i.~ Reeve. Lc. f. 6. Triangularly-ovate, very insequilateral, the anterior side being produced attenuated and angulated, the posterior rounded ; gibbous, plaited and grooved transversely, but the beaks nearly smooth. — New Holland. — Variety. More depressed and elegantly plaited. C. Rostrata. Lam. 4.— Sow. G.f. I <^'3.—E. t. 253./. 2.— Reeve. Ic.f. 10. — An. Del. t. 4. / 2, 3. ? Ovate-trinngular, an- terior side rather produced and siib-angular, smooth, beaked, fulvous or yellow under a brown epidermis with fine and scarcely apparent ver- tical rays, inner margin crenulated. li..2. — S. America? Ceylon? C. Subradiata. I^am. 6. -An. Reeve, lc. f. If). ? Triangular, sub-sequilateral, transversely grooved, greyish fulvous with obsolete white interrupted rays, f — South Seasi. — Not unlike Ch.f. 222, and very closely akin to the next species. C. CoNTRARiA. L^am. 7- — Venus C. Gm. 327. — D. p. 200. — Ch.f. 317, 8, 9. —Reeve. Ic.f. 18. - W. t. 8./. 95. Triangularly ovate, tumid, white or reddisla fulvous, variegated wth chesnut spots ; anterior portion with transverse, posterior with obliquely longitudinal striae : inside with a purplish tinge, es2:)ecially towards the border which is crenulated : beaks coloured. — Variety. White with rufous flexuous spots : beaks livid. — Variety. Reddish ful- vous with varied brown spots : beaks red. ^.— Guinea ; Canaries. C. Castanea. Reeve. Z. P. \84l. if Ico7i. f. 3. Ovate-tri- angular, gibbous anteriorly angulated, posteriorly rounded ; the umbones distinctly eroded, the epidermis shining, horny and ches- nut ; inside somewhat fuscous. 3 ..3|. — N. Holland. C. Decipiens. Z. p. 1841. 4- Ic. f. 4.— C. Kingicola. Reeve. Syst. t. 44. f. 3. Ovate, sub~gibbous, the epidermis brown, brilliantly rayed, the rays often extending to the ventral margin : anterior side slightly the more produced sub-quadrate, posterior sub-angulated and adorned with short striae. 2|^..2|^. — New Holland. C. PuLCHRA. Reeve. Z. P. 1841. if Ic.f. 16. Ovate-tri- angular, depressed, anteriorly but slightly produced and sub-angu- lated, posteriorly rounded : with obsolete rays and transverse very deep regular grooves running parallel to the lines of growth : epidermis thick fibrous and rather soft. 2..2|^. — N. Holland. Allied to Sulcata. C. Lapidea. Reeve. Z. P. 1841. cj' Ic.f. 7- Ovate-orbicular, aneriorly sub-angulated, posteriorly marked with some short striae, TRIBE MACTRACEA. 37 abrupt and rounded ; epidermis fibrous ; umbones small and striated : inside somewhat fuscous. 1^. . If-— Philippine.s. C. Antilt^arum. Reeve. Z. P. 1841. ^' Ic. f. 8. Ovate-tri- angular scarcely gibbous, thick, anteriorly sub-augulated, posteriorly rounded ; epidermis fibrous : umbones somewhat depressed and slightly undulated : inside rich chocolate brown becoming pale and whitish towards the margin. 2^..3g^. — TF. Indies. C. JuBAR. Reeve. Z. P. 1841. ^ Ic. /. 11. Sub-ovate, very inequilateral, gibbous, posterioiiy inclined and rounded, anteriorly arcuated; with brilliant rust coloured expanding rays under a fuscous here and there bruised epidermis, the sides marked with numerous irregular striae ; umbones compressed and plicated : inside white, anteriorly brown. lf..2|^. — TF. Australia. C, CoRBULOiDES. Rccve. Z. P. 18-41. ^' Ic.f. 9. Sub-orbi- cular, very gibbous, deeply grooved towards the umbones, epidermis brown ; posteriorly rounded, anteriorly produced and suddenly rostrated. l..lf. C. ZiczAC. Reeve. Z. P. 1841. ^ Ic f. 13. Sub-triangular, depressed, yellowish under a thin epidermis, with flexuous rosy linear markings and two interrupted rays ; anteriorly sub-angu- lated, posteriorly shortish and rounded : lunule on each side bril- liantly banded Avith rosy rays: within somewhat rosy. l..l|^. — Philippines. C. Triquetra. Reeve. Z. P. 1841. &; Ic. f. 14. Triangular, solid, rosaceous under a thin epidermis, brilliantly painted with deep pink spots, and transversely striated ; sides nearly straight and scarcely rounded ; lunule on each side large, and brilliantly banded with rosy rays : inside rosaceous becoming white towards the finely creuulated margin. %.-^- C. Ornata. Reeve. Z. P. 1841. tj- Ic.f. 17.— Mesodesma O. Gray in Grif. Cuv. Triangular, somewhat depressed, anteriorly flexuous and angulated, posteriorly rounded : pale with transverse striae and short longitudinal chesnut linear markings : within white and bi'own, the mara;iu finely crenulated. i. . 1|^. C. Undulata. ^Sow. Z. P. \S'i2.— Reeve. Ic.f. 2. Oval, brown spotted with fuscous under a fuscous epidermis; within brown becoming white posteriorly ; the umbones undulated ; the posterior side inclined and I'ounded ; the anterior the longer, acumi- nated and angulated. 14.. 2 J^^. — Central America. C. Gibkosa. Srm. ^Z. P. \S32.— Reeve. Ic. f. 1. . p. \31.-Ch.f. 222, 3.— Erycina S. Sow. G. f. 2. — E. t. 2o4. f. 4. Triangular, com- pressed, whitish, with numerous thick transverse groovelike striae; beaks glabrous. 1. — New Holland. M. Chemnitzii. Desh. — Reeve, t. 45. f. 1. — Mya Australis. Gmel. 3321.- Mactra A. D. p. \4\.— Ch.f 19, 20.— Ast. t. 82. TRIBE MACTRACEA. 39 EI^YCINA. Transverse, sub-inequilateral, equivahe, rarely gaping ; irith two primary teeth, unequal, diverging, with a pit interposing ; lateral f. 9, 0, 1. Crassatella Ovata. W. S. Mact. f. 11. Ovate-ob- long, transverse, subsequilateral, thick, solid, greenish-yellow, smooth; interior white, hinge thickened, ligamental pit deep and produced at the base, teeth nearly equal. 2\. — Australia ? M. DoNACiLLA.* Desh. — Amphidesma D. Lam. 2. — Dor^AX Plebeia, Mont. t.f. 5./. 2.—D. p. 102.— TF. t. 6./. 10.— Ery- ciNA P. Sow. G.f. 3. — Iieeve t. 45./. 5. Ovate triangular, wedge- shaped, smooth, glossy; posterior side very short and obtuse; variable in colouring, being sometimes yellow, pale with three or four ches- nut or dark rays, and often yellow with a broad central white ray, edged with chesnut, inside yellowish. ^. — 3Iediterranean, Gulf of Tarentum. M Cornea. Desli. — Amphidesma C. Lam. 4. — Del. t. 4. f. 5. Ovate-triangular, reddish horn-colour, unspotted, posterior side very short. 1. — Mauritius M. Glabella. Desh, — Amphidesma G. Lam. 1-3. — Bl. t. 78. f. 6. Suboval, white, semitransparent, small and transversely striated ; anterior side the shorter and obliquely truncated. -|. .. ^. — Neiri Holland. M. Solenoides. Gray. — Erycina S. King in Z. J. A. — Grif. Cuv. mol. t. 22. f. 1. Elongated-subelliptic, thin, obtuse at both extremities, and much produced, closely substriated concentrically, whitish under a greyish brown epidermis : ligamental pit project- ing much below the hinge margin ■\^. .2. —S. America. M. Arctata. Gould. 3Ias. f. 39.— Mactra A. Conr. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. 6. t. 11./. l. — Reeve. t.Ao.f. 3 Wedge shaped, sub- ovate, smooth, thick, compressed; anteriorly very short, obtusely trun- niated directly, posteriorly produced with the end margin rounded, ventral edge arcuated ; cuticle golden yellow, reflecting a metallic lustre ; cartilage pit triangular and profound ; lateral teeth striated transversely, the posterior one elongated. ^-. .\\. — Massaclms.^ets^ M. Deaurata. — Mactra D. 2\irt. Biv. t. 5./. 8. p. 71. — Mac. Denticulata. W. S.f. 9.—Crif. Cuv. mol. t. 22. f. 2. — An. Mes. Jauresii of Mag . deZ. and Gould 3Ias. Elon- gated, wedge-shaped, convex, thick, dirty white with ridges of growth under a tawny and hornlike epidermis, which usually reflects metallic colours : elongated side rounded, shorter side obtusely, but not directly truncated : muscular scars of teeth very strong, the latter and their I'eceptacles strongly striated. Compare with these the British Donax Castanea (Mont. t. 17. f. 2— D. p. l.")2. — W. t. 6. f. 10.) which evidently belongs to this geuus. We have copied the figure of Montague. 40 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. teeth two, oblong, compressed, short, and inserted ; ligament tU' ternal, sittiated in a pit. E. Cardioides. Lam. 1 .^Bl. t. 73./. 7.-~E. vol. 2. p. 117.— Del. t. 4. f. 7. Roundish, orbicular, small, decussated by trans- verse distant and longitudinal close set strise. f . — New Holland.^ UNGULINA. Longitudinaly sub-transverse, rounded at the ventral margin, sub- equilateral, with the valves closed ; beaks decorticated ; one short primary/ cleft tooth in each valve, with an oblong marginal groove divided in the middle ; ligament internal, inserted in a pit. U. Oblonga. Lam. 1. — Reeve, t. Ad. — Bl. t. 7^-f. 6. Con- vex, longer than broad, rounded when young, becoming elongated 1 I have seen Lamarck's own specimen of this (the only recent species mentioned by him) and can aver with certainty, that it does not belong to this genus, as the ligament is clearly external. It appears much more like an aberrant Venus. M. Deshayes dwells much on the error (as he considers it), of Mr. Sowerby's uniting Mesodesma with this genus. I hardly know any one, who, on reading carefully Lamarck's characters, would not have come to the same conclusion, although assuredly few if any of the fossil species could be classed with the latter genus, the majority of them as well as the recent E. Geoffroyi of Payraydeau, approximating much more closely to the genus Kellia of Turton. E. Geoffroyi. Payr. Cat. t. \. f. 3, 4, .5. Small, ovate- triangiilar, thin, flattish, snowy white, pellucid, shining, sub-sequi- lateral, slightly striated transversely, adorned with small brown in- terrupted longitudinal lines, which seem to lie beneath the surface. -|. — Mediterranean . If we may include the genus MONTACUTA of Turton in any of the Lamarckian genera, we must refer it to Erycina. I extract its characters from Turton's British Bivalves, p, 50. " Oval or oblong, equivalve, inequilateral, mostly closed ; hinge with two teeth in each valve and a cavity between them, lateral teeth none ; ligament internal." M. Ferruginosa.* Turt. B. p. 60.— Mya F. 3fo)it. Sup. t. 26./. 2.—D.p.46.— W. t. 2./. 19. Oblong, slightly striated concentrically, white often covered with an ochraceous coat, very inequilateral, beaks obtuse : one of the teeth in each valve erect, the other much bent inwards, and sloping downwards. -|. — See too the M. BiDENTATA. THrton.—{M.YA. B. Mont. f. 26. /. 5.)— Also his M. SuBSTRiATA. Tttrt. B. t. 11./. 9 S- iO.— and his Oblonga. {Turt. B. t. 11./. 11. 2.) Sec likewise the E. Fontenayi of Mittre in Revue Z. Cuv. 1814. TRIBE MACTRACEA. 41 by age, margin rounded, tawny brown, with curved wrinkles. — Variety. (U. Transversa. Lam. 2.) — Broader than long. ], — Senegal. — The muscular impressions very elongated, straight and resembling those oj" the genus Lucina, united by a simple palleal scar, solp:mya. Ineqtdlateral, equivalve, transversely elongated, extremities obtuse, with the epidermis smooth, shining, and projecting ; beaks not prominent and hardly distinct ; a dilated, compressed, oblique cardinal tooth i?i each valve, slightly concave above for the re- ception of the ligament ; ligament partly external and partly internal. S. AusTRALis. Lam. 1. — Bl. t. 7^. f. 1. Oblong, brown, shining, rayed ; valves notched near the beaks, 1 f . — New Holland. S. Mediterranea. Lavi. 2. — Sow. G. — W. S.f. 1. — Poll. 1. t. 15./. 20.— E. t. 22b. f. 4.— Reeve, t. 29. /. 1. Oblong, brown, shining, rayed with yellow ; beaks not cleft, no callous sup- ports to the cartilage. H. — 3Jediterranean. S. BoREALis. 2'otten. Sil. J. 26. p. 366. f. 1.— S. Velum. Conrad. Am. Mar. C. t. 66. f. 16.— Gould. 3Ias,p 36. Fragile, oblong : epidermis dark brown with fifteen to twenty lighter I'adiat- ing lines : within grayish-blue, cartilage support forked, the anterior branch directed obliquely hindwards. — N. America. — No Jissure at the beaks. S. Velum. Say. Journ. A. N. S. Phil. 2. p. 3\7.—Gotild. 3Ias. p. 35. Oblong, very thin, dorsal and ventral edges straight and parallel, rounded at each end, rather longer posteriorly, rayed with about fifteen double lines which are sparse about the middle of the shell, the cuticle pale yellowish-brown : inside purplish-white ; the hinge without teeth, with a slightly prominent cartilage, and an internal elevated cartilage support, which is arched and the points directed across the shell, ''^h''^'~ ^* Sf(ff<^s. AMPHIDESMA. Inequilateral, transverse, sub-oval or somewhat rounded; with the sides slightly gaping ; hinge with one ur two cardinal teeth, and a narrow groove for the internal ligament ; ligament doiible, the external one short, the internal one Jixed in the internal grooves.- A. Variegatum. Lam. \.—E t. 291. /. 3.— Sow. G. f. 1. —An. Tel. osLiauA.a Wood. G. C. t. 41. /. 1, 2.?— />. 2 A. Donacillum. Lam. 2, Corneum 4, Glabrellum 13, are described under Mesodesma. A. Lacteum 3, and Lucuiale 6, under Lucina. ^ We have copied this figure. 42 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. p.7H.1 — W. t. 3. f. 17. Sub-orbicular, convex, depressed, thin, purplish-white, with chesnut letter-like spots ; beaks contiguous and rayed. — Africa? — Variety.^ C/i.f. 1957,8. A. Albellum. Lam. 5. Elliptic, thin, pellucid, smooth, white and shining : both the cardinal tooth and the pit minute. |. — South Seas. A. BoYsii.* Layn. 7.— Mactra B. Mo)it. t. 3. /. 7.—D.p. 143. — W. t. 6. f. 27. Transversely ovate, sub -triangular, de- pressed, rounded at both ends, the beak considerably neai'er the posterior extremity, sloping from the beaks on both sides, glossy, pellucid, margin rather suddenly rounded ; hinge with a single umbonal denticle in each valve, and broad, lateral, elevated teeth on each side of it in one of the valves, i. — England.^ A. Tenue.* Lam. S.—Turt. B. p. 53.— Mactra T. B. p. U3.—Bor. Cat. p. 33.- Mont. t. 17. /. 7.— W. t. G. /. 26. Sub-triangular, equilateral, compressed, with the ventral margin rounded, white, and concentrically wrinkled ; beaks produced and central ; hinge with one bifurcated and a remote lateral tooth in one valve, and a single plain one in the other. 1. — England, tj|V.* A. Prismaticum.* Lam. 10. — Mya P. B. p. 47- — Mont. t. 26. ,/". 3. — W. t. 2. f. 21. Transversely oblong, attenuated at one end and rounded at the other, irridescent, thin, transparent, glossy, the margin slightly rounded, with obsolete concentric 3 In general appearance, the genus Cumingia of Sowerby, bears a close resemblance to this, and the cognate species formerly grouped as Ligula by Montague. CUMINGIA. S01V. Inequilateral, equicalve, posterior side rounded, anterior rather acuminated ; in each valve a single s)nall posterior cardinal tooth, in one valve two lateral, but none in the other, a some- what spoon-shaped pit containing the ligament: muscular scars distinct, the posterior irregular and oblong, the anterior rounded, the palleal with a large sinus. Mr. Reeve, in plate 49 of his elegant Conchologia Systematica, figures the following species described by Sowerby in the Zool. Proc. for 1833.— Mutica, Trigonularis, Lamellosa, Coarctata. Com- pare with these the Californica of Conrad in Jour. A.N.S. Phil. 7 — t. 17. f. 12. and the Tellinoides of Gould in his admirable work on the Invertebrata of Massachussets. The latter shell we likewise have figured. 4 A. Phaseolina, Lam. 11. is a Thracia, A. Corbuloides, Lam. 12. an Osteodesma, A. Glabrella, Lam. 13. a Mesodesma, A. Physoides, Lam. 16. an Eryciua, and A. Flexuosa, Lam. 11. is the same as his Lucina. TRIBE MACTRACEA. 4$ striae ; hinge witla a single erect tooth in each valve, and a corresponding pit for its reception. ^.A. — Enrjland, i^'c. A. PuRPURASCENs. Lam. 14. Oval, thin, rather small, with obsolete transverse striae, purplish vphite. — Cherbourg.^ A. NucLEOLA. Lam. 15. Minute, rounded, inequilateral, convex, whitish tinged with scarlet. ^. — Cherbourg fi A. Physoides. Lam. 16. Orbicular-globose, hyaline, vesicu- lar, size of a pea. — King George's Port.f A. Decussatum. Gray. Ami. Phil. 25. — Tellina D. Wood G. C. t. 43./. 2. 3. — D. p. 97. — W. t. 2. /. 17. Sub-orbicular, rounded at both but rather produced at one end, with very fine decussated striae, white with the beaks rosy and the inside marked with reddish, purplish, or brownish zigzag lines which do not extend to the margin. 1 . . 1^. A. SoLiDUM. Gray. Spic. Z. t. 6. f. 6. Thick, soUd, sub- orbicular, with concentric grooves, and delicate radiating striae, anteriorly somewhat wrinkled; hinge margin purple ; lunule Qiinute, lanceolate : cardinal teeth very thin. 2g. — Peru. A. CoRDiFORME. Grtti/ . Anil. Phil. 25. — Tellina C. D. p. 97.~Ch. f. 1941, 2.— W. f. 4./. 82. Sub-orbicular, whitish, strong, convex, densely striated longitudinally, and finely trans- versely : within stained with rich yellow, and the hinge cen- tral. U..14. 5 Probably this is the Ervilia nitens.* Tni-t. Biv. t. 19. _/. 4. — Mya H. Mont. — D. p. 47. Oval, flattish, inequilateral, pinkish, finely striated transversely, rounded at both ends : a strong erect cloven tooth in one valve, closing into a deep cleft between two small laminar divergent elevations in the other. ..\. — England. 6 Probably the Kellia Rubra.* Tvrt. Biv. t. 1 1 . /. 7, 8.— Cardium R. Mont. t. 27. /• 4.~i>. p. 131— Tellina R. Turt. D. — BoRNiA Seminulum. Philippi. p. 14. t. \. f. 16. (fide Forbes.) Minute, oval, very inequilateral, rounded at the sides, smooth or finely shagreened, reddish under a green or brown epidermis : inside glossy purple ; hinge with two approximate car- dinal teeth in one valve, a concave one in the other, a lateral tooth in each. ^. — England. 7 I should not be surprised, if in spite of the locality, this may prove identical with the Kellia Suborbicul\ris.* Turt. Bin. t. 11./. 5. 6.— Mya S. 3Iont. t. 2(].f. 6.—D. p. 55.— TK. t. 3. /. 37. — BoRNiA Inflata. Philippi. p. 14.— An. Erycina Geoffroyi. Payr. t. I. /. 3, 4, 5. p. 30? Small, rounded oval, very convex, yellowish wliite, nearly smooth, equilateral, rounded on both sides, yellowish white : beaks prominent : teeth of K. Rubra. ^ . . f . — England. 44 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. A. CoRRUGATUM. Sotv. Z. P. 1832. Sub-orbicular, whitish, longitudinally striated and concentrically wrinkled ; epidermis fuscous, anterior dorsal margin straight and inclined : within yel- lowish. I . . 2^L. — Peru. A. AusTRALE. Sow. Z. P. 1832. neeve t. 47. f. 4.— C. I. f. 4. Sub-orbicular, rounded, concentrically wrinkled, whitish with at times pink rays. \. — New Holland. A. RupiUM. Sow. Z. P. 1832.— C. /. /. 10. Sub-oval or sub-orbicular, rather irregular, white with sometimes a few rays near the margin, radiatingly striated, concentrically wrinkled by inter- rupted ribs but smooth at the umbones ; inside white, the lateral teeth rather close, short, thick, and as well the anterior dorsal margin, purple. ^-^ . . 1^^, — Pacific. A. Ljlve. Sow. Z. P. m3,2.— Reeve, t. AS. f. 6.— C. I. f. 5. Ovate, white, smooth under a thin horn-coloured epidermis, anteriorly shorter and rounded, posteriorly longer and sub-acumi- nated : an obsolete anterior sulcus running from the umbo to the ventral margin. Jq..1-2%. — W. Columbia. A. PuRPURAscENs. Sow. Z. P. 1832. {not Lam.) — Reeve t. 48. f. .5. — C. I- f. 5. Oval, purplish, posteriorly rounded, an- teriorly sub-acuminated, sub-truncated, anterior dorsal margin straightish and crenulated, with acute concentric, very crowded, thin, fulvous and crenulated ribs. 13. .1^0. — W. Columbia. A. FoRMOSUM. Sow. Z. P.' \8S2.— Reeve, t. 41./. 8.— C. I.fi. 8. Oval, whitish with rosy rays, purple spots, and concen- tric crowded ribs, which are wrinkled at each extremity : umbones yellowish within. -^^..2. — W. Columbia. A. Pallidum. Sow. Z. P. IS32.— Reeve, t. 47. f. 3.— C. I. f. 3. Oval, pale purplish, fulvous, darker at the umbones, a thin rather irridescent epidern)is, with delicate concentric striae : ante- riorly truncated, doi'sal margin rounded. Ya-.l^. — W. Columbia. A. RosEUM. Sow. Z. P. 1832.— Reeve, t. 47. f. l.— C. I. f. 1. Sub-orbicular, under a brown glossy epidermis, rosy, con- centrically ribbed, anteriorly sub-emarginated, the ribs crowded and acute. l-iL..2J. A. Lenticulare. Sow. Z P. 1832. — C. 7. /. 1). White, lenticular, smooth, with delicate radiating strise, which centrally and posteriorly are decussated by other sub-concentric and flexuous ones ; anterior margin sub-flexuous \ epidermis very thin and yellowish. 4\..-^^. — W. Coiumbia. A. RuBROLiNEATUM. CoiiT. Jovv. A.N.S. PliU. 7- J>' 239. t. \8. f. 11. Sub-triangular, moderately thick ; anterior side nar- rowed, folded, truncated at its extremity ; beaks central : yellowish with pale red rays: depressions pur))le: inside tinged with purple in the middle, lateral teeth distinct. 1. — TJ. California. A. Decisum. Conr. Jour. A. N. S. Phil 7- p. 239. f. 19./. 2. TRIBE CORBULACEA, 45 Sub-orbicular, thick, with thick concentric, rugose, shghtly promi- nent ribs, anterior side the shorter, direct and biangulated ; fohl distinct ; beaks elevated, yellowish (rarely with faint red rays,) within bright rose red fading into white at the centre ; lateral teeth distinct in each valve. 5. — U. Califoinia. A. PuLCHRUM. Sow. Z. P, \%Z2.— Reeve, t. Al.f. 2.— C. 1. f. 2. Oval, pale, finely and concentrically striated : inside mottled with white and purple ; the anterior side the shorter : pos- terior side inclined, somewhat radiatingly striated. l.A^^ — S. America. — Not unlike Varieyatuvi in shape. A. Ellipticum. Sow. Z. P. 1832. Elliptic, sub-obhque, smooth Avith slight concentric striae, white under a fuscous epi- dermis, posteriorly longer and rounded, anteriorly shorter and ob- liquely sub-truncated : inside pure white. |-..2. — W. Columbia. A. PuNCTATUM. Sow. Z. P. 1832.-0. I. f. 7. Oval thickish, whitish, with scattered tawny and rosy spots ; anteriorly sub-truncated, with a flexuous fold ; disc with impressed dots, ventral margin with some broad concentric ribs, dorsal spotted with rose at each end. J^, . . X-^j^. — Galkvpatjos. TRIBE CORBULACEA. Inequivalve shells with an interior liyam.ent ; one of the beaks always projecting beyond the other. CORBULA. Regular, inequivalve, inequilateral, scarcely if at all gaping; a conical, bent, ascending, primary tooth in each valve ; a .wiall pit at its side ; destitute of lateral teeth; ligament external, fixed in the ligamental hollow.^ C. Sulcata. Lam. 2.—E. t. 230 /. \.— Ch f 1G68 to 71. Sub -triangular, very gibbous at the beaks, posteriorly rounded and slightly shorter, anteriorly sub-rostrated, and the slope concave near the broad approximate beaks : whitish under a thin but adhesive brown epidermis ; both valves convex, the larger with strong rounded rather distant transverse ribs, the other simply sulcated. f . . |. — Senegal. C. Erythrodon. Lam. 3. Ovate, with transverse grooves ; anteriorly sub-acute, and the more produced ; inner margin pur- plish. 11. — Peru and Chili. 1 C. Australis, Lam. 1, is a Saxicava. {fde Desh.) 46 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. C, OvALiNA.f Lmn. 4. Ovate, rather small, transversely grooved, rayed veith red : anterior side sub-acute. ■^. — New Holknid. C. Tahitensis. Lam. 5. Ovate, trapeziforni, biangulated, rayed, with transverse scalariforni grooves, and the interstices lon- gitudinally striated. \. — Otaheite. C. Nucleus.* Lam. 6. — Sow. G. — Reeve, t. 36. /. I. — Mya Inequivalvis. 3Iont. t. 26. /. 7—D. p. 3G.—E. i. 230. /. 4. — W.t.^.f. 40. Somewhat triangular, sub-globose, the valves very unequal, the margin of the under valve projecting considerably over the upper, white, with a thick brown cuticle, strong, and trans- versely striated : beaks central and gibbous, -f-^..-^^.— Europe, 31editerranea n . ^ C. PoRciNA. Lam. 8. — E. t. 230. /. 3. Transversely oblong, whitish and rather smooth ; hinge nearer to the posterior side which is roiinded, than to the anterior which is somewhat beaked trun- cated attenuated and angulated. — Mediterranean. {Buenos Ay res ?) C. Semen. Lam. 9. Very small, triangularly ovate, thin, pel- lucid, and nearly smooth. -|. — South Seas. This and the two preceding species are the links between Cor hula and Pandora. C. RosTRATA. Desh.—An. Mya R. jD. p. 45 f. — Olivi. t. 4. /. 3.— An. Ch. vol. 11. vignette 26. C. D. at p. 195 'i—An. W. t. 2.y. 12. Anatina Longirostris. Lam. 4. — An. C. Cus- PiDA. Pldl. t. l.y. 19? Ovate-oblong, posteriorly gibbous, ante- rior side the longer, attenuated and beaked ; white, brittle, dia- phonous and finely striated concentrically; white within, f. .2. — Adriatic ? C. Erodona. Desk. — Mya E. Lam. Z. — D and. Bosc. Hist, des Coq. t. 2.f. 6. — Roissy. Hist, des Coq. 6. t. 69. f. 5 — An. Ch. f. 1651, 2, 3 ? Ovate, anteriorly sub-rostrated : tooth naked and straight, large. — Africa? C. BiCARiNATA. Sovi. Z. P. 1833. Ovate, rather depressed, sub-equilateral, posteriorly rather longer, anteriorly with two keels from the umbo to the venti-al margin, -^q. .-^q. — W. Columbia. C. RosTRATA. Brod. S)- Sow. Z. J. 4. Oblong, striated, posteriorly rounded, anteriorly sub-acuminated and beaked ; epi- dermis thin and horny : near the umbones two diverging dark red rays. 5_o^ C. GiBBOSA. Brod, ^' Sow. Z. J. 4. Obovate, equivalve, the 1 C. Impressa, Lam. 7, is held to be a variety of this species by Deshayes. Its characters are " Ovate-triangular, turgid, trans- versely grooved, reddish-grey or purple : anterior slope depressed ; the posterior depression sunken." ^. TRIBE CORBULACEA. 4^ valves gibbous, smooth, and anteriorly bicarinated ; chalky white, under a thin horny epidermis. 'L o, — Arctic Regiotis. C. Labiata. Gray. Ann. Ph. 25. — Mya L. Maton in Lin. Tr. 10. t. 24./. 4 to 7— Wood. G. C. p. 111.— IF. t. 3./. 39. Sub-triangular, sub-equilateral, thick, nearly smooth, moderately convex, rounded at both ends ; white under an olivaceous epidermis, the ventral edge simple and somewhat arcuated, the more convex valve greatly lapping the other |..l. — S. America. C. CoNTRACTA. Sax/. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. 2. p. 312. — Gould. Mas. p. 43. /". 37- Sub-ovate, sub-equivalve, ventricose, white, with regular strong smooth rounded transverse ridges : beaks not prominent, sub-central ; posteriorly rounded, anteriorly narrowed and sub-acute ; ventral edge incurved near the middle, aiid one half of the edge of one valve concealing that of the other, j.-f. — U. States. C. IIadiata. Sow Z. P. 1833. Sub-trapeziform, whitish, rayed with blood red near the ventral margin : posterior side short, anterior longer and doubly keeled : inside blood red. ^. .-J-^. — Acapulco. C. Tenuis. Sow. Z. P. 1833. Oblong, whitish, thin ; the anterior side the longer, with two keels, anteriorly biangulated ; the posterior side sloping dorsally, posteriorly rounded : anterior edge sloping ; the umbones sub-incurved : anterior dorsal edge sub-exca- vated, i- -xo- — C. America. C. Mediterranea. Costa. — Philippit.l.f.lS. Minute, ob- long, equilateral sub-triangular, compressed, glossy, thin, smoothish, yellowish, with usually three darker rays : hinge of the larger valve with two teeth, one bifid and larger, a single denticle in the other. _7_ 2 ■I' -Sicily. C. BiRADiATA. Sow. Z. P. 1833. Ovate-oblong, pale, with transverse strise : dorsal edge anteriorly sub-carinated and rufous, posteriorly shorter and spotted with rufous : with two intermediate white rays, {inside sometimes blood ?'ed.) ^-^^. — Caraccas. C. OvuLATA. Sorv. Z P. 1833. Ovate, whitish, sometimes stained with rose colour, anteriorly sub-rostrated, posteriorly rounded and somewhat produced : transversely grooved. 4^. • 1 . — 'S'- America. C. BiNGHAMi.* — Sphenia B. Tuvt. Biv." p. 36. t. 19. /. 3. Inequivalve inequilateral, open, anteriorly wedge-shaped, posteriorly truncated ; cuticle brown, wrinkled : beaks rather prominent, with the points not quite opposite but divaricating from each other : hinge in one valve, with an elevated transversely dilated tooth run- ning in a gradually narrower and wedge-shaped manner nearly half way along the hinge margin ; a concave tooth and small denticle before it in the other. \-.^. — England. C. RuPTCOLA. Z>(?.. P. Trilineata. Say. in Jo^irn. A. N. S. Phil. 2. — Conrad. Am. C. t. 11./. i.--P. Nasuta. Sow. Sp. Con.f. 18, 9. Rather lengthened, deeper valve with a flexuous margin : anterior side of both valves beaked, their dorsal edge arched, I'ecurved : posterior dorsal edge with a small projecting wing-like appendage : a distinct tooth and an internal elongated sub-marginal plate in the anterior side of the flatter valve ; two obtuse ratuer obsolete ridges in both valves from the umbones along the anterior dorsal edge, -f^.. \-^^. — N. America. P. Brevifrons. Sow. Spec. Con. t. 2. f. 25, 6. Elongated, very thin, white and hyaline ; posterior side the shorter, rounded and sub-angulated dorsally : anterior side the longer, beaked and sub-truncated ; dorsal edge straight, ventral rounded ; a solitary and very small tooth in the flattened valve. ^20^* — Panama. P. Arcuata. Sow. Spec. Con. t. 2.f 27, 8. Ovate, thickish, opaque, pearly ; posterior side the shorter, rounded, anterior beaked; dorsal edge arcuated, ventral rounded : an obsolete impressed groove running from the umbo to the ventral margin, f • . 1 . — W. Columbia. P. DiscoRS. Sow. Spec. Con. t. 2.f. 29, 30. Elliptic, depressed, whitish, opaque : posterior side the shorter, anterior broader : 50 ' TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. dorsal edge anteriorly sub-arcuated, posteriorly rounded, ventral rounded, anteriorly ventricose ; left valve anteriorly with radiating lines, a conspicuous keel near the anterior dorsal edge, f • -l^- P. Ceylonica. Sow. Spec. Cone. t. 2.f 20, 1, 2. Elongated, depressed, sub flexuous, anteriorly beaked, anterior dorsal edge arcuated and recurved, posteriorly dilated ; two strong teeth and a marginal lamina in the flat valve, a single arched one in the other. f ..I -^^^.—- Ceylon. P. Radiata. Sow. Spec. Con. t. 2./ 23, 4. Ovate, rather depressed, white with rufous linear rays on the flat valve ; anterior side longer, sub-truncated and its dorsal edge straight, posterior side small ; ventral margin rounded. '^^^^.—W.Coluvibia. P. Striata. Quoy. Ast. t. 83. f. 10. Ovate-triangular, rather solid, with transverse plait -like striee, depressed, posteriorly obtuse, anteriorly sub-angulated ; sub-equilateral ; apex acute and emar- ginated. — New Zealand. TRIBE LITHOPHAGI. Shells which bore into clay and other .mhstances, without accessory valves or sheath, and more or less gaping at their anterior side ; ligament external. SAXICAVA. Inequilateral, obty.se, and transverse ; the anterior and ventral margin gaping ; hinge nearly without teeth ; ligament external. S. RuGOSA.* Lam. 1, — Soiv. G. — Reeve, t.50. — Mytilus. R. Lin.?—D. p. 304. {part.)—W. t. 12./. 9. Ovate, obtuse at each end, anterior side at least twice as long as the posterior, the ventral edge incurved in the middle ; dirty white, strong, coarse, with transverse wrinkles and the epidermis yellowish ; beaks not ter- minal : if with two ridges on the anterior slope, the ridges very obscure, g • • f • — N. Europe.^ S. Pholadis * Lam. 3. — Distorta. Say. — Gould Mas.f. 40.— RuGOSA. Turt. Biv. t. 2. f. 10.— Mytilus. R. D. p. 304. (;>flr^.)— Byssomya P. ? Bl. t. 80. bis. f. 5. — Li.st. t. 426./. 267. Oblong, anteriorly more or less truncated, (sometimes produced and attenuated, as often dilated,) posteriorly obtuse and the beaks subterminal, ventral edge nearly straight and not incurved ; dirty white, strong, coarse, (the epidermis yellowish,) with concentric 1 S. Gallicana. Lam. 2. is a var (fide Desh.) I doubt whether Pholadis is justly separated. TRIBE LITHOPHAGI. 51 "wrinkles, always with two rather prominent blunt ridges on the anterior slope. — Var. S. Pholadis. Ttirt. Biv. t. 2. f. 11. Oval rounded and somewhat open at both ends. -j . . 1 . — N. Europe. — Hiatella Aretha closely resembles tliis species, but the incurvation of its ligamental edge distinguishes it. S. AusTRALis. Lam. 4. — Bl.t.SO.f.A. Ovate, turgid, transversely striated ; anterior side subangulated by an oblique rib. — Var. Ob- long, with varied transverse strise. S. Veneriformis. Lam. 5. — Nero Holland.^ S. GuERiNi. Desk. — Paxjr. t. \. f. 6, 7, 8. Transversely elongated, rather flattened, thin, transparent, yellowish-white, equi- valve, inequilateral, posterior side the longer, rounded: hinge with two teeth, palleal scar simple. — Mediterranean. S. Tenuis. Sam. Z. P. 1834. Oblong, thin, white under a palish epidermis : posterior side short and subtruncated. 2_.4_ — Pacosmoyo. S. Carditoides, Con. Jour. A.N.S. Phil. 7. p. 255. t. 10. f. 8. Oblong oval, anterior side much longer, its extremity direct, ligamental margin straight and parallel with the ventral, white Avith minute radiating lines : cardinal teeth prominent. \^. — California. S. SoLiDA. Sow. Z. P. 1834. Oblong, solid, wrinkled, some- what irregular, whitish under a corneous epidermis : posterior side very short, anterior elongated, truncated, with two conspicuous diverging ribs. f. . If. — C. America. S. Purpurascens. Sow. Z. P. 1834. Oblong, rather solid, posteriorly very short, anteriorly truncated, epidermis very thin, anteriorly purplish. |. .1-Jg^. — JV. Columbia. S. Californica. Con. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. 7. p. 256. t. 20. f 9. Ovate, elongated, white ; anterior side much longer, sub- cuneiform, obtusely subtruncated; ventral edge incurved; posteriorly obliquely rounded ; two distinct teeth in each valve. I . — California. PETRICOLA. Subtrigonal, transverse, inequilateral; posterior side rounded, and the anterior attenuated, and slightly gaping ; hinge with two teeth in each valve, or in one valve only. P. Lamellata. iam. 1.— ^. 3. 7^. 746. — Payr. p. 34. Tri- 1 Deshayes refers Corbula Australis, Lam. ]. to this species, but as both the figure of Blainville and the description of Lamarck seem at variance with this hypothesis, I prefix the La- marckian characteristics ... "Ovate, very inequilateral, slightly gaping at the sides ; the posterior side very short, the anterior angular and more produced. (Bl. t. 78. f. 3.)" E 2 52 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. angularly ovate, oblique ; with transverse erect and reflected lamellae : interstices very finely striated : two teeth in one valve and one in the other. ^. — Mediterranean. P. OcHROLEUCA.* Lam. 2. — Tellina Fragilis. im. 1117. — B.p. 7S.—Ch.f. SA.—Payr. t. \. f. 9, \0.—Wood. sup. Tel. f. 6. Thin, irregularly ovate, yellowish white, with rather distant transverse strife and finer vertical ones in the interstices ; two teeth in one valve and a heart-shaped one in the other. — Mediter- ranean and JEuropean Seas. P. Semilamellata. Lam, 3. — Del. t.A.f. 10. Small, semi- transparent, thin, white, triangularly ovate, anteriorly rather flexuous, with rather distant transverse grooves, the ixpper ones of which are lamellar, interstices longitudinally striated ; two teeth in one valve and on6 in the other. — Rochelle. P. LuciNALis. Lam. \. — Yenus Divergens. Gmel.22^9. — n.j). \9\.— C/i.f. 1666, 7.—W. f. 8./. 73. Suborbicular, in- flated, the ventral margin somewhat depressed, with transverse arched and other intervening variously curved strise ; two teeth in one valve and one in the other. — New Holland. P. Striata. Lam. b.— Del. t. A. f. 11. Triangularly ovate, rounded at both ends, with close longitudinal grooves and a few transverse stria3 ; anterior side compressed ; umbones prominent : two teeth in one valve and a cleft one in the other. — Rochelle and Corsica. P. Costellata. Lam. 6. — Del. t. A. f. 12. Inflated, trian- gular, ovate, rounded at both ends, dirty white, with numerous longitudinal waved subacute rib-like strise ; a large and two small teeth in one valve. — Mediterranean. P. RoccELLARiA. Lam. 7'— Del. t. A.f. 13.— Poll. t. 7 .f- 14, 1.5? Triangularly ovate, radiatingly wrinkled by longitudinal grooves, a few transverse stria? : hinge with two teeth in one valve and an obsolete one in the other. — Rochelle and Mediterranean. — Closely resembling Striata, hut not so elongated anteriorly . P. RuPEREi.LA. Lam. 9.—E. 3. p. 7A7.—Del. t. 4. /. 14. Ovate-triangular, the posterior side inflated and smooth, the an- terior longitudinally wrinkled ; two teeth in each valve, of which one, at least, is bifid. — Rochelle. — Variety, with longitudinal grooves. — Bayonne. — Very like Striata, but ventrally sinnated. P. Pholadiformis. Lam. 11. — Sow. G. f. 1, 2. — LJ. vol. 3. p. 7A7. — Reeve, t. 51./. 1. — Gould, p. 53. — P. Fornicata. Say. Transversely elongated, white ; the posterior side very short and covered with toothed lamellar longitudinal grooves ; anteiior side nearly smooth and slightly gaping ; ventral margin slightly in- curved : valves with two cardinal teeth. 1^. — Rhode Island. P. Fabagella. Lam. 12. Oval, decussated by fine longi- tudinal and transverse strise. — New Holland in Madrepores. TRIBE LITHOPHAGI. 53 P. CosTATA.^ Gray. Ann. Phil. 25. — Venus Lapicida. Gmel. 3269— D. p. 190.— Ch. f. 1664, 5.— TF. t. 8. f. 72. Ovate, somewhat heart-shaped, whitish, protuberant at the umboiies ; anteriorly with longitudinal grooves, posteriorly with unequal transverse striae : hinge with two teeth in one valve, a bifid one in the other. 1^. — In coral in the JV. Indies. P. Oblonga. Sow. Z. P. 1834. Oblong-elliptic, palish, with radiating riblets : anterior dorsal edge straightish, with several concentric ridges which become smooth anteriorly. \'§ .—Peru. P. NivEA. Gray. Ann. Phil. 25.— Mytilus N. Gmel. 3358.— D. p. 307. — Ch. f. 734.— Xr. t. 12. /. 16. Oblong, sub- diaphanous, rounded at both ends, snow-white, coarsely striated longitudinally, and the margin acute : within, glossy white, f . . If. — Nicobar Islands. P. Dactylus. Sow. G. f. 3. — Gould, p. C)o. f. 41. — Reeve, t. 51. f. 3. Transversely elongated, very convex, rounded at both ends, concentrically wrinkled, and longitudinally ribbed at the short posterior extremity : white, the ventral margin rounded, the umbones tumid, and the anterior side very long : teeth, two in one valve, three in the other, f . . 1|. — N. America. — Sear's a close resemblance to Chemnitz' s Jigtire of Nivea, hut the localities are so widely apart as to sanction their separation. P. RuGosA. Sow. Z. P. 1834. Oblong, pholas-shaped, whitish, with radiating riblets of very fine concentric strise ; the margins usually deformed. -^^ . . If, — Chili. P. Denticulata. Sow. Z. P. 1834. Oblong, pholas-shaped, palish, but internally stained with blackish brown on the ex- tremities : posteriorly sub-rostrated, anteriorly rounded ; dorsal edge nearly straight, ventral edge rather prominent : entirely covered with radiating grooves and concentric striae, which pos- teriorly are sub-lamellar and denticulated, f . . \-^^. — Peru. — Variety, shorter, and none of the striae sub-lamellar or denticu- lated. — Isle of Plata. P. Tenuis. Sow. Z. P. 1834. Oblong, pholas-shaped, whitish, thin ; with radiating riblets, which are stronger at the sides and are decussated by rugulose very fine striae ; posterior side very short. 11 . . I. — Peru. P. Amygdalina. Sow. Z. P. 1834. Thin, sub-hyaUne, yel- lowish, obovate, smooth ; posterior side very smooth and narrower ; anterior longer, broader, with some distant raised lamellae, i . . 1-^^. — Gallapagos. P. Elliptica. Sow. Z. P. 1834. Ovate-elHptic, reddish ' P. Linguatula, Lam. 13, bears so close a resemblance to Saxicava Rugosa as scarcely to deserve separation. 54 TESTACEOUS MOLLTJSCA. white, with radiating ribs, but anteriorly smooth ; with scattered concentric lamellae ; lunula distinct. -j% . . 1^. — Peru. P. SoLiDA. Som. Z. P. 1834. Sub-globose-elliptic, pahsh, the umbones and the extremities brownish violet, with radiating ribs but anteriorly smooth, the lines of growth sometimes sub- lamellar and anteriorly more prominent. 1 . . ly\. — Peru. P. DiscoRS. Sow. Z. P. 1834. Oblong-elliptic, brownish, with radiating acute riblets, but anteriorly smooth; dorsal edge straight. \\ . . -i. — Peru. P. CoNciNNA. 8oTK.. Z. P. 1834. Oblong, pholas-shaped, whitish, with concentric riblets ; posteriorly rounded, and longitu- dinally grooved ; back sloping, with a smooth lamella on one of the valves : anteriorly rather acuminated, with crowded, concentric, ridge-like riblets. -gV"! — Mons. Christi. P. BiDENTATA.* Gray Ann. Phil. 25 Mya B. Mont. t. 26./. 5. p. 99. — D. p. 45. Sub-oval, compressed, dirty-white : one valve with two broad flat distant diverging teeth, which project forwards obliquely, the other toothless, and having only a small cavity under the hinge, l . .4. — • England. VENERUPIS. Transverse, inequilateral ; posterior side short, the anterior one slightly gaping ; hinge with two primary teeth in the right valve, and three in the left one, and sometimes with three in each ; teeth small, approximated, parallel, and slightly divergent; ligament externa). V. Perforans.* Lam. 1.— Venus P. Mont. t. 3./. 6.— Turt. B. t. 2. /. 15 to 18. -D. p. 206.— TF. t. 8./. 108. Sub- rhomboidal, margins nearly parallel, with concentric strise, forming ridges at the sub-truncated anterior end, crossed by fine longitudinal ones, white or brownish, with purple zigzag stripes : hinge with two of the teeth cloven, syphon mark broad, and adjacent to the marginal impression. \..2\. rarely so large — England, 8fC. V. Nucleus. Lam. 2. — Del. t. b.f. 1. Ovate, the extremities obtuse, smooth at the umbones, transversely striated ; anterior side lamellar : three teeth in one valve and two in the other. J. — RocheUe. V. Irus. Lam. 3. — Donax I. Lin. 1128. — D. p. 156. — Ch. f. 268, ^. — Don. t.29.f. 2.—W. t. 6. f. 21. Sub-oval,^ variable in its outline, usually truncate, margin nearly parallel and straight, brownish white with elevated, concentric, distant, reflected ridges and longitudinal striae in the interstices, h-'i- — Mediter- ranean. V. Exotica. Lam. A. Oval oblong, and the extremities obtuse. TRIBE NYMPHACEA. 55 with concentric ridges, the interstices transversely striated, and in parts sub-decussated. 1 ^. V. DiSTANS. Lam. 5. Rhombic ovate, white, spotted with fulvous, finely striated longitudinally, a few distant tranverse ridges. — South Seas, Island of St. Peter and St. Francis. — This and the preceding closely resemble V. Irus. V. Crenata. Lam. 6. — Del. t. 5. f. 2. Ovate, anteriorly rounded, fulvous white, with longitudinal and distant transverse grooves, which towards the margin are crenated and ridge -like; violet within. If.—Neiv Hollami. V. Carditordes. Lam. 7 . — Del. t. 5. f. 3. Ovate-oblong and obtuse at the extremities, anteriorly narrower, whitish ; girt with transverse ridges, the interstices longitudinally ribbed : within quite white. 1^. — Nero Holland. Much resembling the last. V. Lajonkairii. Pay. t. 10. J". 11, 12. — Desh. in Lam. 6. p. 164. Orbicular, sub -equilateral, gibbous, transversely grooved and longitudinally striated ; beaks tumid, hooked and close : posterior depression somewhat heart-shaped. — Corsica and Sicily. V. Monstrosa. Gray. An7i. Phil. 25. — Venus M. Gmel. 3280.— Z>. p. 208.— CA./. 445, 6.— TF. t. S.f. 112. Oval, one valve larger than the other, dirty white internally, spotted with purple, decussated by the striae, rounded at both ends, but broader posteriorly. f..l^. — Nicohar Isles. TRIBE NYMPHACEA. Never having more than two primary teeth in the same valve ; often gaping at the lateral extremities: ligament external; nymphce tisually projecting outward. Section. — N. Solenaria. SANGUINOLARIA. Transverse, somewhat oval, slightly gaping at the lateral extre- mities ; ventral margin arched, and not parallel to the dorsal one; hinge with two approximate teeth in each valve. S. OcciDENS. Lam. 1. — Solen Occidens. Lin. 3228. — n. p. 68.—^. t. 226./. 2.—Ch.f. 61.— TF. t. 3./. 29. Nearly elliptic, one end rounded, the other very slightly truncated, rather ^ We have figured the shell usually considered as this species, ot vouching however for its identity. 56 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. veiitricose, and beaks somewhat prominent ; partially rayed, and spotted with red and white, and slightly striated concentrically : nymphae prominent, 2|. .2. — Tranquebar, Ceylon, and the Nicohar Isles. S, Rosea. Lam. 2.— Sow. G. f. I. — Reeve, t. 52. f. 1.— SoLEN Sanguinolentus. Gitiel. 3227. — D. p. 67. — Ch.f. 56. —E. t. 227./. 1.— TF. t. 3. f. 28. Sub-oval, rather convex, slightly produced and augulated at the anterior extremity, and rounded at the other ; rose coloui', becoming paler towards the margin, and nearly smooth. 1^..2 — West Indies.^ S. Nuttalii. Conr. Journ. A.N.S. Phil. 230. t. 17. / 6. Sub-ovate, thin, much compressed ; anterior margin obhquely truncated, extremity angular; ventral margin regularly arcuated, beaks small, slightly prominent, distant from the posterior margin ; ligament short and very prominent, nymphse very pro- minent ; whitish, with purple zones and rays, epidermis polished, and horn coloured, with paler spots and rays : teeth prominent, slender and fragile. l-^..lf. — U. California. S. Californiana. Conr. Journ. A. N. S. Phil. 7. p. 231. t. \7'f. 7. Ovate, compressed, sub- equilateral, thin : fragile, duU, rosaceous, the anterior side much compressed, cuneiform. i^-'H' — U. California. S. Biradiata.— SoLEN. B. Wood, G. C. p. 135. tab. 33./. ] . — ly. p. 67. — W. t. 3. /. 26. Oval, sub-equilateral, rounded and gaping at both ends, livid purple, with two oblique white anterior rays ; epidermis green ; inside whitish, becoming pale orange by age, hinge with two teeth in each valve. PSAMMOBIA. Tran.%verse, elliptical, or oblong-ovate, flattened, slightly gaping at one side; beahs prominent ; two primary teeth in the left valve, and one in the opposite 07ie. P. RuGOSA. Desh. — Sanguinolaria R. Lam. 4. — Venus Deflorata. Lin. 1 133.— TF. ^ 8. /. 64.— Z>. p. 186 Mont. t. 3./. 4. — V. Versicolor. Gmel. 3281. — V. Purpurea. Gm. 3289.—^. t. 231. /. 3. — Ch.f. 79 to 83.— PsammobiaR. Sow. G. f. 1. — Reeve, t. 53. /. 1. Ovate-oblong, ventricose, with strong longitudinal and fine transverse wrinkles, both becoming coarser at the anterior end which is gener.ally more or less stained with purple : white, pale reddish, yellowish, or purple, and some- times rayed with the latter colour. 14. -2 — India and America. ^ S. LiviDA, Lam. 3. and Rugosa, Lam. 4. (having but a single tooth in one of the valves) belong to Psammobia. TRIBE NYMPHACEA. 57 P. Ferroensis.* Lam. 2,— Turt. B. p. 94. t. 8./. 1, Tellina F. Gmel 3235.— TF. t. A.f. 36.— B. p. 77. — T. Incar- NATA. Pennant. t.47.f. 31.— List. t. 394./. 241.— T. Angulata. Born. t. I.f. 5. Oblong, with fine transverse wrinkles, decussated on the flattened anterior slope, which is sub-truncated at its ex- tremity, and defined by a slight elevation in both valves, dirty-white, with pink rays : beaks sub-central, ^^g. -If.— North Europe. P. Vespertina.* Lam. 3.— Solen V. Gni. 3228.— TF. t. 3./. 27. — Tellina Depressa. Don.t. 41. — T. Albida. D. p. 7S.— Ch.f. 59, 60.— (young) Turt. B. t. 6. f. 10. Oblong, moderately thick, sub-equilateral, nearly smooth, anteriorly slightly angulated ; whitish or pale straw-coloured, rayed with pale reddish purple. — Variety, from Venice, more of a violet colour, with darker rays : violet within. {Born. t. 2.f. 6, 7.) 1^ . . 2^. — Medi- terranean and Atlantic.^ P. Maculosa. Lam. a.—E. t. 228. /. 2.—Sav. Egypt, t. 8. f. 1. Oval-elliptic, with interrupted broad reddish livid rays, on a paler round, mottled by white spots : the oblique sub-imbri- cated transverse wrinkles almost become ridges at the angulated anterior extremity: inside tinged with lilac, the teeth strong, and the nymphse violet. — Tiger Bay, Africa. P. Cerulescens. Sow. G.f. 3. —Reeve, t. 53. f. 3. — Tel- lina Gari ? Lin. Gmel. 3229. — Ari. Solen Amethystus. D.p. 68. — W. t. 3.f. 36. Oblong, hinge nearer to the posterior rounded than the anterior angulated extremity ; reddish violet, with transverse concentric wrinkles, which are smoother at one end than at the other, and minute vertical lines seemingly under the outer sui'face : nymphse prominent. 1^ • • 2h. — E. Indies. — Variety, with indis- tinct rays, and reddish violet within. — The fold is regular, afid not like a Tellina. P. Elongata. Ijam. 7. — Bel. t. 5. f. 4. — An. Sav. Egypt. t. 8. f. 2. ? Elongated ovate, ventral margin not much rounded, pale with light violet rays and bands ; beaks fulvous and tumid ; inside with a bluish anterior ray. 3. — Red Sea. P. Flavicans. Lam. 8. — Bel. t. 5. f 5. Elliptic, not at all angular, yellowish -flesh-colour, finely striated transversely. — Variety. Sanguinolaria Livida. {Lam. — W. S. t. l.f 3.) Semi-orbicular, thin, smooth, pale violet, with three white rays on the posterior side. 2g. — New Holland. P. Alba. Lam. 10. Oval, white, with indistinct rays, thin, minutely and transversely striated. '■'Closely resembling the last, of which perhaps it is only a strong variety." — (Desh.) P. Squamosa. Latn. 9. — Bel. t. 5, f. 6. Elongated, oblong, ^ P. Virgata, Lam. 1. and Florida, Lam. 4. belong to this species. {Beshayes). 58 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. anteriorly slightly angular, violet, thin, with transverse wrinkles, and oblique wavy striae, and posterior imbricated and scaly ribs. 1^. — India. Bears some resemblance to Card/urn Sullatum, (which also has its posterior mar(/in crenulated,) but is rather smaller and narrower. P. Cayennensis. Lam. 11. — Brng. Cat. mem. de la Soc. cTHist. Nat. J). 126. — Del. t. 5.f. 7. Oval, sub-equilateral, nearly smooth, anteriorly flexuous, white, posterior end rounded, anterior narrow and somewhat beaked. ^ — Not unlike E. t. 227. f. 1. P. Tellinella.* Lam. 13. — P. Florida. Turt. Biv. t. 6. f. 9. Oblong, nearly smooth, thin, sub-equilateral, anteriorly obtusely angulated, posteriorly rounded, yellowish with either red interrupted rays or zones, but always with one small distinct posterior ray, which only proceeds a short distance from the beaks. ^ . . ^.-—British Channel. P. PuLCHELLA. Lam. 14. — Tellina Gari. Ch. f. 92. — W. t. 3. f. 6. Oval-oblong, thin, reddish violet, with elegant striae, of which those on the anterior side differ from the rest, and are separated from them by an oblique angle. P. Fragilis. Lam. 16. — Del. t. 5. f. 8. Oval-oblong, an- teriorly sub-angulated, posteriorly attenuated, very brittle, thin, and transparent ; reddish purple, obscurely rayed, with fine trans- verse striae and minute vertical lines, li. — New Holland. P. Galatea. Lam. 18. Elliptic, depressed, milk-white, reticu- lated by minute transverse and very oblique longitudinal striae, except on the anterior side, which is smooth and obliquely trun- cated : white within. — South Seas. P. Rostrata. Desk. — Solen R. Lam. 21. — S. Diphos. D. p. m.— Ch.f. .53, A.— W. t. 3./. 21.— Sanguinolaria D. Reeve. 52. y". 2. Elongated, oblong, attenuated, beaked, and rather longer anteriorly, rounded posteriorly, smooth thin and brittle ; violet with darker radiating shades, and sometimes white ones spreading obliquely from the hinge to the anterior margin : nymphae prominent: violet within : hinge with two teeth in one valve, and a single one in the other. H..^^. P. Livida. Lam.\7. Oblong, shining, livid flesh colour, trans- versely striated and marked with minute interrupted vertical lines ; anterior end angulated, and its depression narrow and unequal, li. — New Holland. P. Aurantia. Lam. 15. — Galeomna Mauritiana. Sow. G. f. A, 5. — Reeve t. 54. f. 4, 5. Ovate-oblong, nearly equilateral, ^ P. Levigata, Lam. 12, appears from the Museum specimen to he a Tellina akin to Nymphalis. I subjoin its characters — Ovate, white, with the beaks tinged with pink ; smooth, posterior end the broader and rounded, anterior narrower. ^. TRIBE NYMPHACEA. 59 smooth and rather small, orange yellow, pellucid, gaping at the margin : hinge callous, palleal scar simple, f . — Mauritius." P. VioLACEA. Desk, in E. vol. 3. p. 852. — Solen V, Lam. 20. — Deles, t. 2.f. 5. Oblong, with the extremities rounded, an- teriorly narrower, both within and without violet with paler rays ; nymphae prominent : hinge with an obsolete tooth in one valve, in the other a perfect and imperfect one. 3. — Indian Ocean, P. CosTATA. Nobis, in Z. P. 1842. Sub-elliptical, anteriorly rather longer and angulated ; posteriorly narrowed and rounded at the extremity : dnll, whitish, with livid rosy narrow rays, and most irregular crowded coarse transverse ribs, which often so unite on the anterior slope that one is formed from two : inside glossy pur- plish or yellowish, the rays distinct, the nymphse purple. 1 .. 1|^. — Australia. — Had not M. Deshayes assured us that the Virgata of Lamarck was vierely a FerroensiSf we should have considered this shell to have been that species. P. CosTULATA.* Turt. Biv. t. 6./. 8.— P. Discors. Phil. p. 23. t. 3. f. 8. Oblong, posteriorly rounded and rather longer, an- teriorly obtusely angulated, very thin, anterior slope only with radi- ating grooves, elsewhere nearly smooth, white with interrupted sub-radiating scarlet marks, and a short scarlet radiating streak proceeding posteriorly a little distance from the beaks. ^..I. — Sicily, ^'c. P. LiNROLATA. Gray in Yates New Zeal. Oblong, transverse, compressed, obliquely truncated, anteriorly purplish rosy, with rather darker concentric belts of very thin anastomosing radiating lines, f . . 1 . — New Zealand. P. Variegata.— Solen V. Wood. G. C. t. 34./. 2. 3, A.—D. p. 68. — W. t. 3. J". 32. Ovate-oblong, anteriorly rather longer, sub-truncated, gaping ; thin, pellucid, rosy orange, with purple rays, which are stronger anteriorly, nearly smooth: hinge with two teeth in one valve, one in the other, g . . 1. P. Castrensis.— Solen, C. Cliem.f. 1935, 6,— Z>, /), 66.— TF. t. 3.y. 25, Oval, rather longer and more obtuse anteriorly, very " This species belongs to the genus Galeomna, Turton, whose characters are as follows : — GALEOMNA, Transverse, equilateral, equivalve, ventral margin widely gaping : gape oval-oblong ; hinge toothless^ callous, with a small pit for a sub-internal ligament tinder the beaks ; two vei-y small and very distant muscular impressions : palleal scar simple. G. TuRTONi,* Zool. Jour. vol. 2, t. 13, /, I.— Sow. G. f. I. 2, 3. — Reeve, t. 54./. 1, 2, 3. Ovate-oblong, transverse, white, with very fine longitudinal waved striae ; hinge thickened, palleal scar simple and wrinkled. 60 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. smooth, pellucid, glossy, white with pink short broken zigzag lines ; hinge with a single tooth. ^. , l^. — Guinea. P. Pacifica. Conr. Jour. A.N.S. Phil. 7. p. 241. t. 18./. 13. Sub-oval, convex, anteriorly rather shorter, margin direct and slightly arcuated; generally purple, with darker zones and two pale anterior rays, (sometimes white, pink, flesh or yellowish with purple rays,) with very obscure radiating lines. ^.—U. California.^ PSAMMOT.EA. Transverse, ovate, or oblong-ovate ; slightly gaping at the sides ; a single primary tooth in each valve, (sometimes in one valve only;) ivithovt the irregular plait oj" the Tellijice. P. Violacea, Lam. 1. — Bl. t. 78./. 2. Ovate-oblong, trans- versely striated, rather ventricose, violet with or without paler or even white rays. ]^. — New Holland. Variety, ■with purple rays on a white ground (P. Serotina. Lam, 5. — P. Viol. Sow. G.f, 2.— Reeve, t. 53./. 2.)—E. Indies. P. Zonalis. Lam, 2. — Del. t. 5. /. 9. Ovate oblong, sub- equilateral, ventrally but little rounded, anteriorly sub-angulated, posteriorly rounded, compressed, yellowish with indistinct livid bands and rays, with striae of growth and anastomosing vertical lines. \^. P. Pellucida. Lam. 4. — Del. t. 5. /. 10. Oval-oblong, de- pressed thin whitish, pellucid ; the anterior side lanceolate, folded and sub angulated : hinge with two teeth in one valve and none in the other. \^. P. Candida. Lam. 6. — Grif. Cuv. t. 12./. 10. Oval-oblong, thin, pellucid ; with some radiating longitudinal and very fine trans- verse strise ; the anterior side very short and angular ; the cardinal tooth of each valve cleft. 2, — New Holland. P. Tarentina. La,m. 7. — Del. t. 5. /. 11, Roundish-ovate, sub-depressed, rounded and shorter on the posterior side, whitish, decussated by fine arched transverse and extremely fine vertical striae : beaks yellow. 1. — Mediterranean. — Much reseinbling Tellina Solidula. P. DoNAciNA. Lam. 8, — Del. t. 5./. 12. Ovate, sub-depressed, anteriorly narrower shorter and sub-angulated, whitish with distant purplish red rays and elegant fine transverse striae : inside rich yellow. ^. — Europe? P. Rosea.— SoLEN R.—Gmel. 3227.— D. p. 66.— Ch.f. 55.— TV. t. 3./. 23. Oblong-elliptical, anteriorly longer, twice as broad as long, under a green epidermis pink flesh colour within and with- out, smooth, rounded at both ends, ventral edge nearly straight ; hinge with a somewhat bifid tooth inserted into a cavity in the opposite valve. 2. — Red Sea. 1 See too the P. Laskeyi of Turton, (Tellina L. 3Iont. t. 28. /. 3. — W. t. 4./. 65.), which we have copied. TRIBK NYMPHACEA. 61 Section. — N. Tellinaria. * With one or two lateral teeth. TELLINA. Transverse or orbicular, generally flattened ; the ajiterior side angular, a flexuous irregidar plait on the margin ; with one or tivo primary teeth in the same valve, and usually two lateral teeth, frequently remote ; ligament external. * Transversely oblong. T. Radiata. Lin. 1117.— B. p. 83.— Lam. I.— Sow. G.— Ch.f. 100 ^- 102.—^. t. 289./. 2.~Reeve. t. 55. f. \.—W. t.4. J'. 26. Oblong, smooth, polished, with very delicate longitudinal striae and red rays, on a white ground ; hinge nearer the anterior extremity, which is somewhat beaked and inflected. ]^..2f. — Europe <§- West Indies. — (Unimaculata. Lam. 2. — E. t. 289./. 3.) — Variety, without the rays, but the beaks tinged with rose colour. T. Semizonalis. La7n. 3. — Del. t. O.f. 1. Oblong, narrow, with extremely delicate longitudinal striae, very pale violet, and somewhat zoned : within reddish-purple, with two very oblique in- distinct white rays at the anterior extremity. — Resembles Unima- cidata. T. Maculosa. Lam. A. — T. Interrupta. D.p.75. — E. t. 288. f. 7. — W. t. 3.f. 4, Oblong, sub-equilateral, rough with trans- verse raised striae, with chesniit purplish-red or tawny letter-like linear markings disposed radiatingly on a white ground : anterior end beaked and its slope lamellar, posteriorly rounded : two lateral teeth. '[^..2^. — W. Indies. — Broader than the next. T. Vir'gata. Lin.\\\&.—D.p.'7A.—Lam. 5.—E. t.288. f. 2.- Ch.f. 67 ^- 72.— Wood. G. C. t. 35. /. \.—W. t. 3./. 3. Ovate-oblong, equilateral, somewhat beaked and angulated at the anterior extremity, and rough with transverse striae ; variable in colour, being yellow with paler transverse bands and rosy rays, white with red rays or vice versa. An.var.? {Ch.f 68. — E. t. 288. / 4. — T. Marginalis. D. p. 74.) Longer in proportion, and the striae less coarse. l|-..2f. — India. T. Staurella. Lam. 6. — Ch. f 66. Oval, angulated and shorter anteriorly where the transverse striae become rough and elevated ; yellow within and without, the beaks usually adorned with a pvirplish-crirason cross, and incipient rays. — Variety, without the rays. — Variety, {Del. t. 6.f. 2.), without the cross and but slightly rayed. \^-.2. — New Holland. T. Crucigera. Lam. 7 . Ovate-oblong, somewhat beaked and 62 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. very delicately striated transversely, white with a purple cross upon the beaks.i 1^. T. Spengleri. Gmel 3234.— D. p. SO.— Lam. S.—Ch.f. 88. —E. t. 287./. 5. — W. t. 4.f. 35. Elongated and narrow with an attenuated and inflected beak, and angular at both extremities, with a ridge of spinous teeth running from the beaks downwards : hinge nearly central, but inclined to the posterior side : white tinged with pink at the beaks, transversely striated, f ..2^. — Nicohar Isles. T. RosTRATA. Lhi. \118.— JD. p. 84.— Lam. 9.— JS. t. 289. / l.— Ch.f. 105.— TF. t. 4. /. 28.— Wood. G. C. t. 37. f. 3, Elongated oblong, sub-equilateral, rounded at the posterior ex- tremity and forming an angular beak at the anterior ; thin com- pressed polished, and nearly smooth, rose-coloured within and without ; beak straight with a sinus in the ventral margin at its commencement. f..2. — India. T. SuLPHUREA. Lam. II. — T. Pallescens. D. p. 84.— Ch. f. 104. — Born.t. 2.f. 12. Oblong, the anterior extremity sinuated and angulated, the posterior rounded and longer ; citron colour or yellowish, nearly smooth, ligament nearly concealed : with lateral teeth. — Variety. "Whitish with a tawny tinge near the beaks, and pale orange within. — Variety. With the apices pink and sub- radiated. — Variety. With brown-pinkish rays. — Variety. (Lati- ROSTRA. Lam. 10. — E. t. 228. f. 6.) With pale yellowish rays on a rosy ground. 1 . . 2. — India. T. FoLiACEA. Lin. U\7.—D.p. 80.— Lam. 12 —E. t. 287. /. 4.—Ch.f. 95.— ir. t. 3.f. 20. Oval, angulated and subtrun- cated at the anterior extremity, the margin of whose slope is toothed, and rounded posteriorly ; thin, very depressed, golden yellow and finely striated transversely : hinge with the lateral teeth very close to the beaks. If .3^. — India. T. Operculata. Gmel. 323b. —Lam. \3.-Wood. G.C.t. 42. f. \. — W. t. 4./. 37.— Sow. G.f. \.— Reeve, t. 55. /. 1.— T. Rufescens. I).p.85. — Ch.f.97. Oblong, one valve darker and more convex than the other, crimson, minutely decussated near the ventral margin, elsewhere glabrous : anterior side rather the 1 1 do not know this species, but the described characteristics apply well enough to theT. Elegans of Wood. T. Elegans. W. S. f. 1. /. 5. Oblong, sub-equilateral, somewhat convex, anteriorly slightly longer attenuated and subrostrated, the ligamental edge greatly sloping and rounded at the extremity, the anterior fold almost obsolete : ivory white, highly polished, obsoletely marked with dis- tant radiating striae and the beaks marked with a scarlet cross : in- side rayed with pale scarlet, a single posterior lateral tooth in one valve ; cartilage veiy large. If ..3|. — Very like Radiata. TRIBE NYMPHACEA. 63 longer and having an angular slope separated in the convex valve by an elevated ridge, and by a corresponding depression in the other : hinge with two cardinal teeth (one cleft) in the convex, a single tooth in the flatter valve : no lateral teeth, 1^..2|-. — South America? — East Indies. T. Rosea. Lam. 14. Ovate-triangular, rather convex, pink, becoming darker at the beaks and interior, very indistinctly decus- sated. 2 . . 3. — California. T. Elliptica. Lam. 16. Oblong-elHptic, very finely striated, thin, whitish with the beaks purplish, and slightly tinged with orange, but more so in one valve than the other : orange within. 3. T. Margaritina. Lam. 18. — Del. t. 6.f. 4, Oval, attenu- ated and longer anteriorly, thin, pellucid, polished white ; inside slightly pearly. ^ — Neyv Holland. T. Albinella. Latn.17. Ovate-oblong, very flat, thin, pellucid whitish, with the beaks indistinctly horn-coloured : anterior side attenuated and sub-angulated. \^. — Hew Holland. T. Strigosa. Gmel. 3239.— i>. p. 82.— Lam. \9.—Adans. t. \7. f. 19.— TP^. t. A. f. 61. Ovate-oblong, sub-equilateral, anteriorly attenuated and sub-rostrated, posteriorly rounded, rather flat, sub striated transversely, white within and without, with lateral indistinct greyish or yellowish bands : hinge with not more than a single tooth. 2i. — W. Africa. T. Planata. Lin. U\7.—Lam. 20.— D. p. 81.— TF. t. 3./. 24.— T. CoMPLANATA. Gmel. 3239 —Poli. I. t. 14./. \ to 15. —Born. t. 2. f. d.—An. var.? Ch. f. 98. Ovate, sub-equi- lateral, anterior side ventrally sub-angulated, sub-striated trans- versely, reddish fulvous at the beaks, and interior, elsewhere whitish tinged with the same colour : a bifid and simple cardinal tooth in one valve, a bifid one in the other, no distant lateral ones. ^..2^. — M edit err anean.- T. PuNiCEA. Gmel. 3239.~(T. Angulosa. Gmel. 3244.)— J>. p. 90.— Lam. 21.— Born. t. 2. f. 2.— E. t. 291. /. 2.— T. Striata. Ch.f. 1654, 5.— Dorset. Cat. l.f. 5.— TF. t. 4./. 64. Elongated-oval, sub-inequilateral, slightly angulated and inflected at the shorter anterior end, rather thin, crimson, varying in depth and often with paler unequal bands, deeply and regularly striated trans- versely ; cardinal teeth cleft ; with lateral ones. — Variety. White. — -jL. . 1^^^. — Mediterranean. T. Depressa.* Lam. 22.— W. t. 4. /. 48. — Gmel. 3238.— Turt. Biv.t. 8. f. 6.— Don. 5. t. \63.—Gualt. t. 88. L.—T. In- 2 We have given a copy of the T. Flavescens, Ch.f. 98. — (W. t. 4. f. 88.) which Mr. Deshayes considers as a variety of this species. 64 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. CARNATA. Poll. 1. t. 15. /". 1. Oval-oblong, sub-inequilateral, pointed at the rather shorter anterior extremity, flat, pinkish flesh colour, with two paler anterior rays, finely striated concentrically : hinge with two cardinal and one lateral tooth in one valve ; one cardinal in the other. 1 ..2. — 3Iediterra?iea7} . T. PuLCHELLA. Zcim. 23.~Born. t. 2. /. 10.— Poll. 1. t. 15. y. 8. — IV. S. t. \. f. 4. Small, ovate-oblong, depressed, shining, nar- row, pale with numerous rosy rays and fine transverse striae : anterior extremity beaked and rather shorter : hinge with at least one lateral tooth. — Mediterranean, Gulf of Tareiitum. T. Fabula.* Gmel.3239.—D. p. 92.— Lam. 2A.—Don. t. 97.~Turt. B.p. 101.— TF. t. 3./. 23.~Wood. G. C.t. Ab.f. 4. Ovate, posteriorly rounded, anteriorly contracted ; thin, glossy, white, one of the valves obliquely striated the other smooth : hinge with a single tooth and minute adjacent denticle in one valve, in the other two with a rounded lateral one. ^..f. — iV. JiJurope.'^ T. Tenuis.* Lam. 25.— Dor. Cat. t. 5. f. Z.—Turt.B.p. \Q7.—Wood. G. C. t. 44. f. 3, 4,—LUt. t. 405. f. 251.— Ch. f. U7.—Don. t, 19./. 2.- W. t. 3./. 22.— T. Balaustina. B. 'p. 93. Ovate-triangular, rather truncated and angular at the anterior extremity, reddish with generally deeper bands, thin, rather flat, nearly smooth and polished. — England, ^-c. T.ExiLis. Lam. 2Q.—E. 3. p. 10\3.— Del. t. 6.f. 6. Ovate- triangular, very thin flattened and pellucid, pale crimson, with very fine transverse striae, and obtusely angular at the short and oblique anterior extremity : no lateral teeth. ^. T. DoNAciNA.* Lin. 1118.— J), p. 89.— Lam. 27.— Turt. B. p. \02.t. 8.f.4.—W. t. 4.f. 3\.—Mo7it. t. 27./. 3— T.Vakie- GATA. Poli. 1. t. \5.f. lb. Oval with the beaks close to the anterior extremity, which being abruptly sloped puts on the ap- pearance of a Donax, finely striated concentrically, semi-transparent, yellowish within and without with red often interrupted rays : hinge in one valve with a bifid cardinal tooth, an additional simple one and lateral teeth on each side in the other. — Mediterranean, ^r. T. NiTiDA.— Po/i \. t. 15./. 2. 34.— Lam. 28.— Phil. p. 27. — Gual. f. 77- Oblong, very compressed, equilateral, anteriorly narrowed, polished, pale flesh-colour with tawny zones, ligamental edge straight, with delicate and regular transverse strise, anteriorly in one valve, with coarse and distant ones : inside tawny orange, no lateral teeth, a single bifid cardinal in one valve, a bifid and simple smaller one in the other. If. — Mediterranean. — Variety, whitish or sulphur-coloured. 3 We have given a copy of the Fragillissima of Ch. f. 101. the Vitrea of Gmelin (D. p. 92.) which bears much resemblance in shape to this species, but has no lateral tooth. TRIBE NYMPHACTA. 65 T. ScALARis. Lam. 29. Ovate, rather compressed, yellowish white, with elegant transverse striae ; anterior side the shorter and sub-biangulated. 1|. — In shape and strice not unlike the fossil Scalaroides. {An. dn Mus. vol. 7-t4l.f.7.) T. PsAMMOTELLA. Lam. 30. — Ch. f. S7 ? Ovate, with very fine transverse striae, and angulated and sinuated on the anterior side which is the shorter one; whitish with the beaks rosy and the interior imperfectly and unequally rayed with orange and purple or rose colour. \^. — not unlike Ch. 165^.i T. Lantivyii. Payr. Cat. t. \.f. 13, 4. Small, ovate- triangular, thin, compressed, M^hite, pellucid, shining, very inequi- lateral, with elegant transverse striae : posterior side the longer and rounded, anterior shortened and angulated — Corsica. T. Oudardi. Payr. Cat. t. 1. /. 16, 7, 8. Oval compressed, shining, pellucid, red within and without, obliquely cancellated and adorned by transverse white lines and rather small longitudinal red ones, and with reddish yellow rays at both extremities. — Corsica. T. Clathrata. Quay. Ast. t. 81./. 4, 5, 6, 7. Small oblong transverse inequilateral, posterior side the shorter and truncated ; thin, fragile, white rosy or red with a kind of lattice work composed of oblique and transverse striae ; posterior sinus scarcely evident. — South Seas. — Not tmlike Fabida, hut the oblique .stria are on both. valves. T. PoLiTA. Say. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. 2. p. 27(5. Sub-tri- angular, white, minutely wrinkled concentrically; anterior side rather shorter, its dorsal edge sloping in a straightish line to a sub-acute termination ; ventral edge nearly straight from behind the middle to the anterior end, a lateral posterior tooth. |. .i§. — South Carolina, ^'c. T, Ten ERA. Say. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. 2. p. 303.— Gould. M. f. 44. Oblong, sub-oval, longer posteriorly, very thin, pel- lucid, compressed, whitish, irridescent, concentrically wrinkled, the ventral edge arcuated ; cardinal teeth two, the larger one emar- ginate, the posterior tooth little elevated, anterior obsolete, -^o • -i- — JVew .Jersey. T. Tenta. Say. Am. C t. 6.5./. 3.— Gould. Mas. p. 68. /. 43. Small, thin> oval, white, shining, not polished, shorter and narrowed anteriorly, but rounded and obtuse at the tip, ligamental 1 Allied to, if not identical with this, is the T. Oblonga. Gmelin. 3234. — Chemnitz.f. 87.— Dp. 80. Oblong, smooth, thin, convex, whitish with a tinge of orange which is strongest near the umbones ; posteriorly rather longer, rounded ; anteriorly obtusely angulated, with a distinct flexure ending in a sinus at the margin : ventral edge little arcuated ; inside pale orange, hinge with a bifid and a narrow simple cardinal tooth in each valve: no lateral teeth. ^..\\.-~ S. America? V 66 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. edge curvilinear ; valves very but unequally convex, nearly smooth ; inside yellowish white, covered with radiating lines finely indenting the edge : ligament minute : hinge with two diverging cardinal teeth and an anterior lateral in one valve, a single cardinal in the other. T. Iris. Say. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. 2 p. 302. Oblong-sub- oval, very thin, pellucid, compressed, irridescent, white with gene- rally a rosy disc and one or two anterior rays, with numerous minute concentric wrinkles and minute oblique strong equidistant strise, which are abbreviated before and do not reach the narrowed and sub-acute anterior end : ventral edge straight opposite the beaks, -f^ . . ■^^. — U. States. T. Alternata. Say. Jour. A. N. S. Pldl. 2. p. 275. — Say. Am. C. t. 65. /". 1. Oblong, compressed narrowed and angulated anteriorly ; white with numerous parallel equal equidistant trans- verse striae which are alternately obsolete on the anterior margin ; anterior dorsal edge sloping somewhat concavely to an obliquely truncated tip, inside tinged with yellow: anterior cardinal tooth eraarginate, with lateral teeth, the posterior one approximate. 1^ . . 2^.—U. States. T. Crystallina. Chemnitz./. 1948.— TF. t. 3. f. 10. In- equivalve, one valve flat, the other convex ; triangular-ovate, thin, white with raised distant concentric striae, the ventral edge rounded: anterior dorsal edge nearly straight and sloping, posteriorly rounded and rather the longer : a strongly marked fold in one valve, a cor- responding indentation in the other : slopes incurved : two lateral teeth in the flat valve, f . . 1. — Allied to Belcheri. T. SoRDiDA. Couthouy. Bast. J. of N. H. 2. tab. 3./. 11.— Sangui. S. Gould, p. 67.- — Oval- compressed, whitish under a horn-coloured epidermis, lines of growth numerous and distinct, posteriorly rounded, .anteriorly shorter and slightly angular: within, semi-irridescent milk-white, hinge with a simple and bifid primary tooth in one valve, teeth usually obsolete in the other, a distant inconspicuous lateral tooth in each. !§ . . ^^. — Boston. T. Serrata. Phil. p. 25. — Costa, p. xvii. no. 8. — T. Sul- cata. W. G. C. t. 47./. \.—D.p. 89.— Tr. t. 4./. 63. Ovate- triangular, equilateral, thick, dorsal edges nearly straight in their slopes ; anteriorly angulated, whitish but milk-white within, with raised transverse striae which become lamellar at the angle which bounds the hollow anterior slope which is smooth and narrow : two cardinal and two lateral teeth in one valve, two cardinal only in the other. 1^ . . 1^. — Mediterranean. T. Calcarea. Chem. f. 135.— Z>. t. 93.— TF. t. 4. /. 43. Ovate, very brittle, white, glabrous, shorter slightly sub-angulated and inflected anteriorly, narrower and rounded posteriorly : a rounded cleft tooth in one valve shutting into a cavity in the other. 1 . . 14-. — Iceland. TRIBE NYMPHAfEA. G/ T. LuTEA. Gray in W. S. f. I. f. 3. T. Guilfordiana. Grif. Guv. Mol t. 19. f. 2.— T. Alternidentata. IJrod. Z. J. 4. — Beechcy. 3. t. 44. f. 5. ? Ovate-oblong, anteriorly obtusely cuneiform and longer, the fold indistinct ; compressed, white stained interiorly with orange, with raised transverse rib-like striae : liga- ment very large, cardinal teeth indistinct, no lateral ones. If . .2f . T. Acuta. Wood. G. C. t. 44./. l.—D.f.Sl.— W.t.S. f. 25. Oval, compressed, thin, anteriorly much shorter and cunei- form, posteriorly rounded, very finely striated longitudinally, white with a tinge of yellow near the apex but not perceptibly rayed, ventral edge nearly straight, margins acute : hinge with two teeth in one valve, one in the other, but oue lateral tooth. 2 , . 3:^, — W. Indies. T, Secta. Con. Jour. A. N. 8. Phil. 7. p. 257. Tri- angular or sub-elliptical, equilateral compressed, with a very thin shining yellowish epidermis : umbonal slope angulated : anterioi'ly broadly and obliquely truncated ; cartilage short, thick, inserted on an elongated oblique rib-like callus : margin beneath the cartilage with an ovate gape, appearing as if cut or broken, white within and without. I:^..2. — U. California. T. Pulcherrima. Sow. Tank. t. I. f. 1. Transversely oblong, rounded posteriorly and sharply angulated anteriorly, whitish with rosy rays ; ventral surface nearly smooth and obliquely striated ; the extremities roughened by concentric rows of scales ; within orange colour. H . . 3. T. Sanguinea." Wood. G. C. t. 44. f. 2.—D. p. 88.— TF. /. 4. f. 27. Oblong, acutely angulated, anteriorly sub-equilateral, rosy red, with strong transverse and almost imperceptible longi- tudinal stria; ; paler within, with two teeth in one valve and one in the other, besides sharp -pointed lateral ones, f . . 1:^. T. Lanceolata. Gmel. 3236.— D. p. m.— Wood. G. C. f. 45./. 2.-Ch. /. 103.— TF. t. 4. f. 40. Oblong, thin, breadth double the length, sub-equilateral, pellucid, compressed, anteriorly acuminated ; finely striated transversely, uniform white or pink, no lateral teeth in one valve ; inside with two oblique radiating anterior riblets, one very indistinct, f . . 1^. — India. T. Hyalin-a. Gmel. 3235.— £>. p.%b.— Ch.f. 99.— TF. t. 4./. 39. — Elongated oval, inequivalve, white, brittle, pellucid, com- pressed ; anterior side attenuated and twice as long as the posterior, rounded at both ends, margins very acute : no lateral teeth. H . . 2f . — Guinea. * * Orbicular or rounded ovate. T. Remies. Lin. \\\9.—D. p. 94.— Wood. G. C. t. 38. f. I. — TF. t. 4. f. G9.— T. Sulcata. Lam. 32.— Rum. t. 42. /". 1. — Ch.f. \'\3.—E. t. 290. /. 3.— T. Convf.xa. TF. S. t. \.f. 2. F 2 6s TESTACEOUS MOLLXJSCA. Sub-orbicular, slightly convex, white, with the beaks smooth and the rest of the surface covered with transverse undulated ridges, rather inflected and angulated on the anterior side : hinge with two teeth in one valve and one in the other, besides two strong lateral teeth of which the anterior one is much more vemote.— Variety, with obsolete rufous bands. Diam. 2i. — India. * T. Crassa. Pennant. 4. t. 48. /. 2S.— Gmel. 3288. -D. p. 96.— U. 1. 291./. 5.— 7F. t. A. f. lb.— Lam. 35.— List. t. 299. /. 136. — Tii7-t. Biv. t. 7. f. 2. — Roundish, thick, heavy, semi- transparent, with one valve less convex than the other, anteriorly shorter ; white or yellowish, (with usually reddish rays,) crowded with transverse furrows which are coarser posteriorly, the beaks frequently stained with pink, within yellowish, a simple and bifid tooth in each valve besides two lateral teeth in one of the valves. If . . 2. — Europe.^ T. Fausta. Dil.p. 94.— T. Remies. Lam. 3\.—Born. t. 2. f. II.— List. f. 266./. 102.— Ch.f. \12.—E.t..290.f. 2.— T. L^vis. Wood. G. C. t. 37. f. \.—W. t. 4./. 68. Roundish ovate, posteriorly slightly longer and rounded, anterior edge sloping, anterior side slightly inflected and obtusely truncated at the tip : white, strong, finely but regularly striated transversely, but smooth at the beaks, marked with anastomoshig fine interrupted radiating lines, ventral edge arcuated : inside tinged with yellow, a cleft and a narrow simple cardinal tooth in one valve, the latter scarcely rudimentary in the other, a distant and an approximated lateral in each, 2 . . 2|. — W. Indies.^ T. Scobinata. Lin. \\\9.—D. p. 98. — Lam. 3 A. —List. t. 302. f. 143.— i?'. t. 291. f. A.— Ch. f. 122, 3, A.— Reeve, t. 55. f. 2.— Sow. G.~W. t. 7. /. 67.— Wood. G. C. t. 35. ./. 1. Sub- orbicular, slightly inflected and angular anteriorly, whitish, rough- ened with lunate scales disposed in quincunxes and enlarged in size as they recede from the beaks, and usually with a few brown or ferruginous scattered spots, sometimes forming rays ; hinge central, with bifid cardinal teeth and strong lateral ones in each valve. Diameter up to 3^.— Indian Ocean. T. Levigata. Lin. p. 103.— D. p. 82.— Lam. 36.— Ch. f. \\\.— Wood. G. C. t. 41. /. 1.— TK. t. A. /. 29.— Roundish- ovate, with concentric striae becoming obsolete on the disc, vv hitish with tawny orange rays and the ventral margin tinged with the 1 When the minute longitudinal striae in the interstices are more evident, and the rays absent, it forms the Reticulata of British authors, but not of Linnaeus. " Striatularis, Lam. 33, is apparently a young shell with the rudimentary tooth quite obsolete. TRIBE NYMPHACEA. 69 same colour ; nymphse inflected ; within white with a tinge of citron at each extremity : hinge with two cardinal teeth in each valve and the lateral teeth approximate. 2 . . 2f . Young and more oblong. — (Chloroleuca. Lam.) — European and Indian Seas. T. LiNGUA-FELis. Liu. IIIQ.—D. p. 73. — Lam. 37.— E. t. 289./. 6.— Ch.f. 65.— Wood. G. C. t. 40. f. 2, 3.— JF. t. 3./. 2. Roundish ovate, with the anterior extremity very obtuse ; roughened by lunated scales disposed in quineunxes and rayed with pale pink on a whitish ground ; beaks pink. 1 1 . . If* — India. T. RuGOSA. Born. t. 2. f. 3, 4. — D. p. 73.— Lam. 38.— Wood. G. C. t.Al.f. 2, 3.—E. t. 290. f. \.— Ch.f. 62.— TF. t. 3. f. 8. Roundish-ovate, anteriorly attenuated and inflected, with transverse undulated membranaceous wrinkles, white tinged with yellow at the beaks ; inside white ; hinge with a cleft and plain tooth in one valve, and two plain with strong lateral ones in the other. — New Holland. T. Lacunosa. Lam. 39.— Z>. p. 7&.— W. t. 3. f. 12.— T. Papyracea. Gmel. 323\.—E. t. 290. f. \4.— Ch.f.78. Roundish-ovate, rounded at one end and sub-truncated at the other, whitish, thin, ventricose and transversely striated ; the ventral margin depressed in the middle, with a sinuous twist. Ij . . 24- — Guinea. T. Gargadia. Lin. \\16. — D.p. 72.—Ch.f. 63, 4.— Lam. 40. — W. t. 3. J'. 1. Roundish-ovate, compressed, cartilage slope toothed, transversely and undulatingly wrinkled on the anterior side and towards the ventral margin. H • . 1^. — Nicohar Isles. T. PuiSTis. Lam. 4\.—E. t. 287./. 1.— White, roundish-ovate, anteriorly angulated and shorter, with sub-imbricated transverse, and minute radiating strifie, the former becoming fine ridges on the obliquely truncated anterior slope, whose depression is lanceolate and concave, and its edge seemingly toothed ; hinge with a bifid and lamellar tooth in each valve besides lateral ones. \h. — Indian Ocean. T. PoLYGONA.— C/iem. /. 77. -D. p. 76— W. t. 3. /. 11.— MuLTANGULA, Lam. 42. — Gmel. 3230. Ovate broadly tri- angular, the anterior side the longer, sinuous, and almost biangu- lated ; white with the beaks and margin yellowish, transversely striated and somewhat decussated towards the margin : hinge with a single cleft cardinal tooth in one valve and two in the other, no lateral teeth. \\ . . 2\. — Tranqnebar. T. GuiNATCA.' Chem.f. 16.51, 2, 3.—D.p. 96.— T. Polygona. Lam. A3.— Gmel. 3244.— Mont. t. 28./. 4.— TF. t.4.f. 80.? Roundish-ovate, somewhat triangular, flexuous and sinuated at the ventral margin, white with the beaks and interior tinged with pale orange, transversely striated ; hinge with two large cardinal teeth in one valve and a large triangular cleft one, with an approxi- 70 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. mate smaller one in the other, no lateral teeth. | . .^. — EnylamU — Guifiea. — (Foreiy/i specimens larger.) T. Capsoides. Lam. 44. Broadly triangular, sub-equilateral, with transverse striae somewhat decussated by vertical ones, white : the angle of the anterior side with two grooves : no lateral teeth. 1|. — Isle of St. Peter and St. Francis. — Not unlike Poly- fjona. T. Decussata. Lam. 45. Rounded triangular, white with the beaks yellowish and nearly smooth, nearly equilateral, decus- sated by transvei'se stria? and vertical grooves : hinge with lateral teeth. — New Holland. T. Brasiliana.* Lam. A6. — Lineata. Tiirt. Biv. p. 99. f. 1 . f. 1. Triangularly oval, anteriorly angulated, thin, white usually tinged with rose-colour, nearly smooth, an oblique purplish rosy stripe (visible also in the interior) running from the beaks to the slightly longer posterior extremity : one valve with two cardinal and two lateral teeth, a single cleft cardinal tooth in the other, f . . |. — Rio Janeiro. — Approxhnatincj to Tenuis in shape. ■ T. OnLiauA. iam. 47.-7-^?i.T. Madagascarfensis. Gmel. 3237.?— i>. p. 82.1— List. t. 386. /. 2d3.-Wood. G. C. t. 39. f. 3. ? — IF. t. A.f. 46. ? Triangularly oval, the anterior side the longer and obliquely attenuated, posterior very short and rounded ; greyish, compressed and very finely striated transversely. 2. — Mada- gascar. — Injicctionof the anterior side and margin scarcely apparent . T. Umbonella. Lam. 48. Small, subtriangular, convex, with the anterior side the shorter, and slightly angular, wliitish with the the beaks hyaline, sub-antiquated, the transverse striae very fine. 1-3-. — New Holland. ''T. Deltoidalis. Lam. 49.— Del. t. 6. /. 7. T. Lactea. Ast. t. 81. f. 14, 5, 6. Rounded, ovate, dirty white, compressed and transversely striated ; the anterior side obliquely attenuated and inflected ; one of the valves grooved ; hinge'sub-central, with lateral teeth. — Variety. With the striee very elegant and the anterior side scarcely inflected. If. — New Holland. T. Nymphalis. Lam. 50. Roundish-ovate, anterior side ob- liquely attenuated angulated and grooved, the posterior rounded and broad ; whitish with transverse stride towards the ventral margin, beaks smooth ; nymphaj interaal, dilated : hinge with very unequal cardinal teeth in one valve and a single one in the other, no lateral teeth. 1 1. — Guinea. T. SoLiDULA.* Xam. 51.— TF. t. A. f. BA.—Wood. G. C. t. 46./. 2.— T. ZoNATA.— Gmel. 3238.— L). p. 100.— Lis.t. 405. f. 250.— T. Rubra. Da Costa, t. 12./. 4.— Psammobia S. Ttirt. B.p. 95. /. 8./". 2. Rounded triangular, thick, ventricose some- what angulated and compressed anteriorly, passing from white into yellow or pink with darker bands and obsolete ridges of growth : TRIBE NYMPHACEA. 71 hinge nearly central, with two small indistinct cardinal teeth in each valve, and no lateral, f . . |. — W. Europe. T. BiMACULATA.* Liu. 1120.— JD. p. \0l.- Lam. 52.-~Ch. f. 127.— iJ. t, 290. f. 9.— Don. t. 19. f. l.—Turt. B.p. 184.— 'Wood. G. C. t. 45./. 6.— TF. t. 4. f. 83, Triangularly rounded, broad, smooth, whitish with two oblong crimson spots on the inside ; lateral teeth in both valves. — Variety. Pale violet without the spots, (C/t. /. 132. a.) — Var. Uniform orange.— Far. Orange with interrupted linear purple rays. — Var. Pink with the two spots. — Var. Uniform pink. Hinge with two lateral teeth in both valves, f. — IF. Indies. T. Sexradiata.* Lam. 53.— T. V>im\cvla.t a. variety . D.p. lOl.—E.t. 290. /. \0.—Ch.f. 132. h. Triangularly rounded inequilateral, whitish, with six brownish blue somewhat interrupted rays : darker within. — Variety. With violet arrowheaded spots disposed inrays.— (r?212. -W.t. A. f. 30. Abbreviated-ovate, posteriorly longer, nearly smooth, white, thick, glossy with three red or purple rays : lateral teeth strong. 1 . . 1 ^. — Europe? — Akin to Bimaculata. T. Carnaria.* Lin. 1119.— 1>. p. \OQ.—Don. t. 47. — W. t. 4. /. 7d—Wood G. C. t. 40. f. 41.5.— Lucina C. Lam. 8.— •C/i f. 126.— List. /. 339./. 176. Sub-orbicular, flesh or rose- colour within afid without ; slightly convex, inequilateral, with delicate minute crowded striae, which are curved and reflected in different directions ; hinge which is placed a little on the posterior side with two small cardinal teeth in one valve and one in the other, and strong laminal lateral teeth. — Diameter ^. — W. Indies. T. Balaustina. Lin. 1 1 19.— Payr. Cat. t. \.f. 21, 2.—Poli. l.t. 14. f. 17. Small, rounded- triangular, pellucid, yellowish white with red rays, shining, tumid, equilateral, with elegant transverse striae. ^ . . ^. — 3iediterranean. . T. BuRNETi. Brod.and Sow. Z. J. 4. t. 9./. 2. Triangular, the ventral margin rounded, strongly incurved at the fold, one valve flattish, the other rather convex, the sides seri'ated, posterior one falcated, anterior nearly straight : white, concentrically striated, translucent : lateral teeth in one of the valves. ^V • • H- — Mazatlan. T. Mera. Say. Am. C. t. 64. /. 2. Rounded, thin, white, rather depressed, somewhat regularly striated transversely ; beaks forming a rather prominent angle, dorsal edges sloping ; anteriorly much shorter, obtuse, with an obvious undulation ; posteriorly rounded ; ventral edge arcuated ; two cardinal teeth in each valve, a single short lateral in one. ^ . .|^. — S. Carolina. T. Inconspicua. jBrod. and Sow. Z. J. 40. — Beechey Zool. t. 41./. 6. — An. Sanguinolaria FuscA? Conrad. Mar. Con. t. 7. Obovate, sublenticular, posteriorly shorter, white or flesh coloured TRIBE NYMPHACEA. 73 with the umbones darker : ligameut lai'ge : cardinal teeth small, no lateral ones. ^ ^^^ 9. — Arctic Occan.^ TELLINIDES. Transverse, inequilateral, Jiuttenccl, a little (/aping laterally ; beaks small and sub- depressed : no anterior irrefjular plait; two divergent primary teeth in each valve, and two lateral teeth, which are somewhat obsolete; the posterior one approximate in one valve. T. TiMORENSis. Lam. \.— Reeve, t. 56, f. 2. — Sow. G. — Teluna Nivea. Wood. G. C. t. 46./. 1.?— i).p. 89.? — TF. t.A. _/". 62.? Oval elliptic with the anterior side rather longer narrower and obtusely truncated at the tip, white and but little convex, marked with concentric striae and the ventral margin sindulated. \^. — Near Tivior."^ T. Truncatulus. Sow. Tank. Cat. Oblong, anteriorly slightly shorter, sub-attenuated and obtusely angulated, posteriorly rounded, the ventral edge little arcuated ; smooth, glossy, sub-irridescent, pellucid, sub-equivalve, convex. ^ . . \^. — li^. Indies. T. Opalina.— Teluna 0. Ch.f. \Q7.—Gmel. p. 3236.— TF. t. 4.f. 41. Sub-ovate, posteriorly rather shorter and rounded, ante- riorly obtusely sub-cuneiform, sloping uninterruptedly from the ar- cuatedligamental edge to the ventral which is sub-incurved anteriorly, compressed, thin, white more or less opaline, nearly smooth ; the flatter valve with an internal oblique radiating rib. — Variety. Rose colour. T. Rosea. Sow. G.f. \.— Reeve t. 56./. 1. 1.. 1^. — Nicobar. T. OvALis. Sow. Tank. Oval, rounded at both ends, smooth, inequivalve, anteriorly rather shorter and narrower ; thin, rather compressed, pink with narrow_white rays : a solid bifid cardinal tooth in one valve, an approximate lateral tooth with rudimentary cardinal in the other. T. AcuMiNATUS. Very inequivalve, very inequilateral, oblong, anterior side cuneiform and twice as long as the rounded posterior : white with usually an orange tinge on the discs, thin, polished, smooth except on the posterior slope where the strise of growth are ' See also the Inflata of Chemnitz (W. t. 3./. 9.) whose figure we have copied, but are unable to identify the shell. 2 I have almost confined myself to a description of the species enumerated by Mr. Sowerby, in a genus whose institution almost every writer has condemned. Many, however, of the Tellens at the close of the first division, have perhaps an equal right to be included in this genus. 74 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. distinct : convex valve with the anterior slope flattened : inside with two anterior obhquely radiating ribs. l^. T. Striata.— SoLEN S. Cliem.f. 57, 8.— Gmel. 3227.- D. p. 66. — W. t. 3.y. 24. Oval, diaphanous, subequi valve, posteriorly rather longer and rounded, anteriorily obtuse, ventral edge slightly arcuated : glossy, thin, rather depressed, strongly striated trans- versely, pink with numerous narrow white rays, a solitary all but primary lateral tooth in one valve, cardinal teeth obsolete. 1 . . 1|. — Nicohar.^ T. Emarginatxjs. Sow. Tank. Oblong, inequilateral, smooth- ish, anteriorly sub-angulated and emarginated, the slope concave in both valves, posteriorly twice as long, subattenuated and rounded : umbones pale orange and within two darker oblong orange stains, passing from the umbo to each muscular scar : a symmetrical fold in each valve. — Brazil. — T. Oblovga of Chemnitz, f. 87, much re- sembles it, hut has no lateral tooth. T. Coccinea.-^Tellina C. Gmel. 3236.— D. p. 87.--Ch.f. 109. — W. t. 4. f. 42. Oval, inequivalve, rather compressed, rounded at both ends, posteriorly rather longer and broader, very thin, pellucid, uniform rose-colour with closely set transverse strife, the alternate ones only crossing the anterior slope : nymphse pro- minent : in one valve two small cardinal teeth with an approximate lateral in the other, f . . \^— Mediterranean ? T. Purpureus. Brad, and Sow. Z. J. 4. — Beechey Zool. t. A2.f. 2. — An. Tellina Rosea Lam.? Oblong, compressed, sub- equilateral, purplish rose-colour, prettily decussated, anterior side sub-acuminated and slightly emarginated. 1| . . 2^^. — Pacific. T. Triangularis.— Tellina T. Chem.f.S5.—D.p.70. — Desh. in Lam., vol. 6. p. 209.— W. t. 4. /. 33.— T. Politus. Sow. Tank. Ovate-triangular, greyish white, transverse, inequilateral, depressed, posteriorly shorter and rounded, anteriorly produced narrowed and subacuminated : thin, with transverse striae which an- teriorly in one valve diverge suddenly towards the ventral margin : hinge with t.wo teeth, no lateral ones. If . . 2. — Cajoe of Good Hope. CORBIS. Transverse, equivalve, without anterior flexuosity, slightly de- pressed; beaks incurved towards each other ; hinge with two primary teeth, and two lateral onea, of which the jwsterior one is nearest the cardinal teeth ; muscular impressiojis simple. C. FiMBRiATA. Lam. 1. — Sow. G. — Reeve, t. 57. — Venus F. Lin. 1 1 13.— i>. p. 187.— Ch.f AAS.—E. t. 286./. 3. W. t. 8; 1 I almost doubt if Ovalis of Sowerby is distinct from this, and even as to either belonging to tliis genus and not to Psammotea. TRIBE NYMPHACEA. 75 f. 65. Oval, thick, gibbous, with transverse undulated ribs and longitudinal stri«3 : yellowish white, the margin crenulated : both muscular impressions somewhat lanceolate, the posterior the shorter and broader. 2 . . 2^. — Indian Ocean. Pacific Ocean ? C. SowERBii. Reeve. Z. P. 1841. — Reeve, t. 58. Trans- verse, tumid, gibbous, white or pink with obsolete rosy rays diverging from the umboues to the margin, transverse elevated rather distant ridges serrated at the sides, particularly posteriorly, and numerous radiating strias intervening : margin thickish, strongly crenulated, the umbones longitudinal, direct and minute ; lunule small and sub- cordate. 2f . . ^\. — Pliilippines. — IVie yoxuuj are rather depressed •and the rays {frequently) more distinct. LUCINA. Suborhicular, inequilateral', beaks small, pointed, and oblique; hinge variable, sometimes with two divergent teeth, one of which is bifid, {but changing or disappearing with age) ; two lateral teeth, the intertnediate one obsolete ; the posterior nearest the primai'y ones; two distinct imiscular impressions widely ^sepa- rated, the jwsterior one prolonged. L. Jamaicensis. Lavi. 1. — Sow. G. f. 3. — Reeve, t. 59. f. 3. —Venus J. I), p. 103.— E. t. 284. f. 2.—W. t. 8./. 79. Sub- orbicular, thick, inflected with a longitudinal furrow at both extre- mities ; slightly ventricose, white or yellow with distant transverse membranaceous striae : interior usually yellowish or brownish, pos- terior depression minute. Diam. 1|^. — W. Indies. L. Pensylvanica. Lam, 2. — Venus P. Lin. 1134. — P. p. 193.—^. t. 284. f. \.—Ch.f 394, 5. -List. t. 305./. 138.— i?. t. 5.f. 8. — W. t.8.f. 78. Sub-orbicular, inflected by a longitudinal furrow on the anterior side ; ventricose, tumid, white within and without and marked with concentric membranaceous ridges : poste- rior depression large and heartshaped. Diam. ly. — JV. Indies. L. Edentula. Lam. 3. — Venus E. Lin. 1135. — P. p. 202. — Ch.f. 427, 8, 9.—E. t. 284. f. 3.— TF. /. 8./. 98. Orbicular ventricose, sub globose, not thick, white, with fine concentric wrinkles : posterior depression ovate-acute and much sunken ; apri- cot yellow within, hinge toothless. 1|..2. — W. Indies. L. Radula.* Lam. 5. Tart. P. pi. 116. — Venus Spuria. Gmel. 3284.~P.p. 194.— TellinaR. 3Iont. t.2. f. 1, 2.— Ch. f 399. ?— TFoofZ. G. C. t. 42. f. 4, 5.— TF. t. 4./. 71. Orbicular, convex, dirty white, with numerous raised concentric thread-like stria?, which in old specimens become irregular and indistinct to- wards the margin ; the interstices broad and shallow ; inside dull chalky white ; beaks central, a small lunule. Diam. 1^. — P'fg- land. L. Divaricata.* Lam. 7' — TellinaD. Lin. 1120. — P. jj. 76 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. 102.— Ch.f. 129.— E. t. 285./. 4.— W. t. 4./. S7—Wood. G. C t. 46/. 6. Sub-orbicular, very convex, white, strong, and sub- diaplianous ; the two sides striated obliquely in different directions so as to form an obtuse ansj;le where they meet. Diam. f . — Variety. — Tellina Dentata. Woocl.G.C.t.46.f.6.-D.p.\0^. The upper part of the margin, particularly the postei-ior, strongly den- tated, the rest serrated, the concentric striae with serrated edges, the waved strise finer and closer. — S. America and the Mediterranean.^ L. Muricata. — L. ScABRA. Lam. 9. — Tellina M. D. p. 98. — Ch.f. \945, 6.—E. t. 285./ 5.— TF. t. 4./ 73. Orbicular rather flat, white, diaphanous, with small radiating scaly ribs ; hinge with two cardinal teeth in each valve, and two lateral ones" which shut into opposite cavities : within with impressed dots. Diam. 1. — Terra Fir ma." L. Squamosa.. Lam. 11. — LJ. t. 285./ 3.— Tellina Reticu- lata. Poli. t. 20. f. 14. Sub-orbicular, tumid, inequilateral, with small radiating imbricated and scaly ribs ; both depressions sunken. 1 . — Blediterranean. L. Lactea.* Lam. 12.— Tart. B.p. 112. t. 7.f. 4, 5.— Am- PHiDESMA L. Lam. 3. — Tellina L. . Xm. 1119. — D.p. 99. — Mont.t.2.f.4.—Ch.f. 125.— Loripes L. Bit. 72./ 1. Or- bicular gibbous, white, diaphanous, nearly equilateral, irregu- larly striated concentrically ; beaks tumid and hooked, a small depression on the posterior slope : hinge with the teeth indistinct, two teeth in one valve, and one in the other, besides a linear mar- ginal groove for the ligament. Diam. f. — Europe. L. RoTUNDATA. Tuvt. B. t. 7 ■ f. 3. — Tellina R. Mont. p. 71. t. 2./ 3. — W. t. 4. f. 77. Nearly orbicular, convex, with numerous indistinct concentric strisE, thin semi-pellucid, white and moderately glossy, beaks a little inclining ; hinge with two teeth in each valve, of which the larger one is bifid and slightly diverging. Diam. f . — England. L. Undata.* Lam. \3.—Turt. B.p. 115.— Venus U. Pen. t. 58./ 5.— Z>. p. 197.— Bon. 4. t. \2\.—Lin. Trans. 6. t. \7 . f. 17, 8. — W. t. 8./ 87. Thin, sub-orbicular, convex, sub-equila- teral, semi-transparent yellowish or brownish white, somewhat wrinkled transversely, and slightly flexuous at the margin ; uo ^ L. Carnaria. Lam. 8. is a Tellina. — Beshayes. " L. Reticulata. Lam. 10. Orbicular, depressed, convex, whitish, with concentric distinct lamellae and longitudinal striae in the interstices ; cardinal teeth strong, one of the lateral very ap- proximate. — France. For this species Ch.f. \\S. and Trans. Lin. 8. t. \. f. 9. 1 are referred to ; both representing a variety of Tellina Crassa. TRIBE NYMPHACEA. 11 lunule ; inside glossy, hinge with three teeth in one valve (the middle one cloven) and two in the other. Diam. \\. L. CoLOMBELLA. Lam. 15. — Sow. G. f. G. — L. Adansoni. D'O/b. Mol. Cari.t. 1 .f. 26, 1 . Sub orbicular, convex, gibbous, transversely grooved and one of the slopes hollowed ; beaks mode- rately prominent and obliquely curved. — Senegal. L. SiNUATA.* Lavi. 16. — Tellina Flexuosa. 3font. p. 72. —D. p. 99.— Don. t. 42./. 2.-~W. t. 4. f. 78.— Cryptodon F. Turt. Biv. t. l.f. 9, 10.— Lucina F. Gould. Mas.f. .52. Sub- orbicular, convex, thin, pellucid and white ; marked with minute irre- gular concentric wrinkles, and a longitudinal furrow extending from the apex parallel to the cartilage slope, and forming a deep curve in the margin at its termination : hinge with a single obscure penetra- ting cardinal tooth. Diam. |. — Atlantic. L. Pecten. Lam. 11. —Del. t. 6. /. 8. — An. L. Bella. Conrad. I. A. N. S. Phil. 1. t. 19. f. \l'.? Sub-orbicular, rather broader than long, but slightly convex, whitish with small rounded transversely striated radiating ribs : inner margin crenulated. a. — Senefjal. — Not unlike a cockle. L. LuTEA. Lam. 18. — Dd. t. 6. f. 9. Rounded oval, sub- equilateral, rather broader than long, very small, smooth, pellucid, canary yellow, no lateral teeth, -j. — Mauritius. L. Digitalis. Lam. 19.— Del. t. 0. f. 10.— Tellina Digi- TARIA 1 Lin. Gmel. No. 15. Small rounded triangular, whitish tinged with rose colour at the umbones, which are tumid and marked with very elegant fine and oblique striae. 3Iediterranean. L. Globularis. Lam. 20. Sub-globose, thin, whitish, vesi- cular ; no lateral teeth. ^. — New Holland. L. ViRGiNEA. Desk. — E. vol. 3. p. 319. Orbicular, depressed, white, with transverse ridgelike striae and very delicate longitudinal ones ; beaks very small and acute ; anterior depression heart-shaped, and rather exserted in the middle, posterior simple and tinged with rose-color. — Aniboyna. — Notuiilike liadula, hut larger and differ- ing by the hinge, the lunule, and the anterior slope. L. AuRANTiA. Lam. 34. — Ch. f. 396. Orbicular, convex, turgid and thick, whitish at the beaks, becoming orange as it recedes from them, finely striated transversely ; lunule depressed and ovate, posterior depression large and ovate : margins entire. — Indian Ocean. L. Punctata. Soro. G. — Reeve, t. 59. f. 1. — Venus P. I^in. 1 134.— Z>. p. 194.— TF. t. 8./. 81.— Cytherea P. Lam. 54.— Ch.f. 391, 8. — E. t. 277. f- 3. Sub-orbicular, rather depressed, whitish often stained with pink on the slopes, with longitudinal distant grooves, and the intermediate spaces flattened : within with the margin rosy, and the central portion thickened, dotted, and usually "yellowish : posterior depression minute and excavated. Diam. 2. — Indian Ocean. 78 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. L. TiGERiNA. Desk.— Ye^vsT. Xm. 1133.— D. p. 191.— W. t. 8./. 75.— Mont. t. 4.f. \.— Ch.f. 390, ].~E. t. 277./. 4. Cytherea T. Lam. 53. Orbicular, compressed, white, witli longitudinal ribs which are rather flat, very close, narrow, and nu- merous, and are crossed by still closer set concentric strise ; lunula minute, triangular sunken, ligament buried : within white, \\ath often a tinge of rose-colour on the hinge and margin : hinge with two primary teeth in each valve, a lateral tooth in one and a recep- tacle for it in the other. Diam. up to 2. — West Indies. — Variety. — Cyth. Interrupta. Lam. 52. The longitudinal striae only on the sides, and within greenish yellow, without any rosy tinge on the margin. Senegal.^ L. ScABRA. Gray. Ann. Phil. 25. — Tellina S. D. p. 96. — Ch.f. 1943, 4.~W. t. 4.f. 72. Sub-orbicular, ventral margin semicircular, dorsal straighter, convex, inflected on both sides, pos- terior inflection the larger : white and strongly striated transversely: hinge with one cardinal tooth, and two strong lateral ones, which shut into cavities in the opposite valve. L. Globosa. Graij.Ann. Phil. 25.— Venus G. D. p. 202.— Ch.f. 430, l.—L. t. 285. /. 1.— TF. t. 8./. 99. Sub-orbicular, ventricose, pellucid, white, with obsolete transverse striae : umbones rounded, slopes indistinct, niargin entire. 1^ . . LV. —Med Sea. L. Spinifera.— Venus .S. Mont. p. 577. t. \7.f. 1.— IF. t. 7,f. II.— D. p. 1G3.— Myrtea S. Tart. B. p. U^.—F. p. 443. Oval, subtriangular, yellowish white, with numerous fine laminar equi-distant transverse ridges, which reflect a little, and in both valves become anteriorly confluent in pairs, extending beyond the edges, so as to form a fringe of short obtuse spines, which turn back and form a cavity for the cartilage ; beak small, sub- central, lunule long and narrow : in one valve a single cardinal tooth, and a lateral on each side, in the other two cardinal, and the lateral obscure. ^..-J-^^.— Ei^dland. L. Zelanica. Gray in Yates, Nem Zeal. Sub-orbicular, rather compressed, rather solid, opaque, white, smooth, very slightly concentrically striated, and covered with a thin smooth periostraca. — New Zealand. — Like, hut more compressed and opaque than L. Lactea. L. Sph^roides. Conr. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. 6. t. 11./. 9, 10. — Ch.f. 130. Globose, white ; ribs divaricating, triangular and 1 Sowerby and Deshayes have with justice removed this shell, with the preceding species, from Cytherea, the palleal scar being simple, and not sinuated as in that genus : neither indeed docs it possess four teeth in one valve ; though as regards the hinge I fear it is no more a Lucina than it was a Cytherea. TRIBE NYMPHACEA. 79 acute : interstices concave and transversely wrinkled"; one end de- pressed ; margin entire, lunule minute. Africa. L. NuTTALii. Conr. Jour. A.N.S. Phil. 7. p. 255. t. 20. /. 2. Lenticular, broader than long, slightly compressed, cancellated, the concentric lines very regular, lamelliform, prominent ; pos- terior fold small and marginal; the extremity emarginate above; ligamental edge little sloping, cardinal and lateral teeth distinct, inner margin minutely creuulated. 1. — California. h. Childreni. Gray Ann. Phil. 25. — ^. J. 1. p. 221. — Sow. G.f. 2.— Reeve. i. 59./. 2.— Tellina C. W. S. t. 1 ./. 1. Sub-orbicular, longer than broad, inequivalve, white, nearly smooth, sub-antiquated, very finely radiated, sub-striated. Length 3. — Brazil. L. RuGiFERA. Heeve. Z. P. 1835. Rounded, lenticular, rather convex, whitish, somewhat banded with reddish chesnut, the radiating strice elevated and crossing the concentric ; lunule tri- angular, impressed, minute : inside white. 2 . . 2\. — New Holland. — Not unlike Tigerina. DONAX. Transverse, equivalve, inequilateral; with the anterior side very short and obtuse; two primary teeth in one or both valves ; and one or two lateral teeth, more or less distant ; ligament external, short, inserted at the posterior impression. Inner margin entire or nearly so. D. ScoRTUM. Lin. 1126. — D. p. 148. — Lain. 1. — U. t. 260./. 2.— Ch. f. 242, 5, 6, 7.—B. t. 4./. 1, 2.— W. t. 6./. 1. Triangular with the anterior slope acute and flattish, greyish white, with usually a tinge of violet, and decussated elevated striae, which become abruptly more distant towards the posterior end; anterior depression somewhat heart-shaped and flat ; inside violet towards the hinge, and the margin not quite entire : hinge with a lateral tooth in each side. In old specimens the angular margin of the anterior slope is armed with vaulted scales : in young (D. Pu- BESCENs. Lin. 1127.— D. p. 149. — Ch.f. 2A.—E. t. 260./. 1. — Lam. 2. — W. t. 6./. 2.) with serrated spines. H. . 2^. — India. D. CuNEATA. Lin. 1127.— B. p. l53.~Lam.3.—Ch.f. 260. —List. t. 392./. 231.— i?. vignette, p.52.—W. t. 6./. 13. Ovate, wedge-shaped, compressed posteriorly, anteriorly abruptly truncated, convex and coarsely wrinkled transversely ; white or pale grey, rayed with rufous drab or dark violet, and very minutely striated longitudinally. — Variety. Rufous Avith white rays. — Variety. (D. Granosa. Lam. 8.) with the rays livid violet, and the angulated slope sub-granular. 1 .. 1^. — Tranquebar. D. CoMPREssA. Lain. A. — E. vol. 2. p. 96.— List. t. 391./. 80 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. 230.1— E. t. 2G2./. G. (Worn shell. T. Purpurascens. Gniel. 323. — W. t. 4.f. 49.) Triangular, wedge-shaped, anterioi'ly de- pressed, and somewhat wrinkled transversely ; most minutely striated longitudinally, tawny flesh colour with dull lilac zones : angle at the beaks sharp ; margins angulated : anterior slope totally destitute of longitudinal striae, l^^ . . 1 i • — Sumatra. D Deltoides. Lam. 5. — An. Som. G. ? — Reeve, t. 60. f. 4. ? Triangular, pink, and nearly smooth, the anterior slope flattish and longitudinally striated. Kangaroo Island. — Larger and less com- jiressed than the last, D. Faba. Cheni. f. 267.-1). p. 155.— TF. ^.6./. 16.— D. Radians. Lam. 6. — E. t. 261. f. 7. Oval, convex, finely striated transversely, the anterior slope obliquely wrinkled, white rayed with fulvous but variable in colour. — Variety. Not rayed but spotted.— 6Vi./. 266. ^..—Malabar. D. Abbreviata. Lam. 7. Triangular, proportionably less broad than the other species, very delicately striated transversely, polished white with two red and a bluish ray, anterior slope with ragged wrinkles ; ventral margin quite entire and arcuated. 1|^. D. CoLUMBELLA. Lavi. 9. — Del. t. 6.f. 1. Ovate, cuneiform, polished with radiating anastomosing lines, very pale violet with indistinct zones : anterior side short and obliquely truncated, the slope with crowded and transverse strise. — Variety. With the zones and interior violet. — Variety. White. f'.l- — New Holland. D. Veneriformis. I^am. 10. Roundish, triangular, trans- versely striated, grey with indistinct rays : anterior slope with cre- nulated striae. l-jV- — Asiatic Ocean. D. AusTRALis." Lam. U.—Ast. t. 81./. 20, 1, 2.— D. Ob- scura. Desk. E. t. 2. p. 98. Ovate-triangular, transversely striated, whitish or fulvous : violet within ; anterior slope decus- sated and sub-granular. l^.— Neiv Holland and Timor.— Not unlike Bicolor. D. Epidermia. Lam. 12. Triangular, wedge-shaped, nearly smooth ; anterior end obtuse, and the slope longitudinally striated : epidermis yellowish green. —iVe?2J Holland. — Not unlike Capsa Levigata, but differing by its hinge, and the being more wedge- shaped.^ 1 I have not seen an authenticated specimen of this species, but the shell figured as Deltoides by Sowcrby (Sow. G. f. A.) and Reeve {t. 60. f. 4.) agrees better with this brief description, than with the equally concise characteristics of that species. The follow- ing description is taken from a specimen named by Mr. Sowerby himself. Triangular, sub-cuneiform, glossy, orange yellow under a very thin olive epidermis, posteriorly attenuated obtuse, much com- TPlIBE NYMPHACr.A. 81 D Btcolor. Lam. 13. — Aji, D. Bicolor, Gme1.no. \C> . '. — Gnalt. t. 88./. .^) —Lif^t. t. 392. /. 23 J . Ovate, wedge-shaped, whitish stained with brown, with a few longitudinal strite, decus- sating still fewer transverse ones : anterior end with waved and curled furrows : spotted with violet within. — Maurli'mn or India. D. ViTTATA. Lam. 14. — Del.t. %.f. 12. — D. Biradiata a«fZ Skxradiata. W. S. Ovate, rather depressed, with transverse groove-like striae ; whitish with a very few rufous rays, which en- large as they approach the margins. — Mediterranea7i." D. Lessoni. Desk. E. '3. p. 99. no. 1.5. Triangular, smooth, depressed, sub-equilateral, pale fulvous with numerous brown in- terrupted rays, and the apex acute : within brownish white, and the margin quite entire and gaping at one end : one of the lateral teeth very long, the other indistinct. — Chili. — Tolerably lar(je, and the lenf/th and breadtli nearli) equal. i). CoRBULOiDES. I)e>ih. E. 3. p. 99. no. 18. Triangular, gibbous, equilateral, polished and heart-shaped : pink with elegant waved or angulated reddish yellow transverse lines ; brownish red within. D. EauiLATERA. Som. Tanh. Cat. — D. Veneroidea. Gray. — Venus Donacina. Cli. f. 1983, 4. Sub-triangular, sub- equilateral, the slopes nearly straight, ventral edge arcuated and ascending towards the anterior and longer extremity ; strong, con- vex, white covered with angular sub-reticulated markings of ochra- oeous brown and obsoletely rayed : disc smooth, sides with distant concentric grooves : anterior slope rounded, towards the beaks edged with radiating sub-granulated striae, elsewhere smooth : inside white, margin entire, three approximate cardinal teeth in one valve, two and a rudimentary in the other ; no lateral. I .. 1-i-. — S. Seas. D. OwENii. Gray in B. M. Exti'emely elongated, smooth, polished ; anterior side obliquely truncated and very short, its slope concentrically striated, and its dorsal edge much sloping ; broad white rays on a drab ground, a short narrow pressed and perfectly smooth ; anterioi-ly very short, very convex, with very fine radiating strife, which are very indistinct, except on the slope ; umbonal ridge angulated near the smooth beaks ; ven- tral edge arcuated : inside stained with purple : receptacle of the lateral tooth very prominent. 1^..2. - D. TRiauETRA. Lam.\5. Triangular, sub-equilateral, glossy, much swollen under the beaks, whitish with fine transverse striae, and a few vestiges of rays : and indistinct violet spot within, i. — New Holland. -(A young variety of Cytherea Corbicula. Desk) G 82 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. dark purple ray bordering the anterior slope near the beaks : no posterior or lateral tooth. 1. — Africa. ?^ ** Inner edge crenated. D. KuGosA. Lin. 1127. — D. p. 159. — Rugosa in part. — Lam. M.—Knorr. 6. t. 28./. 8.—^. t. 262. f. 2,.— Ch.f. 250.— W. t. 6. f. 3. Elongated, wedge-shaped, inflated, anteriorly ex- tremely short obtusely and almost directly truncated, the slope angulated at its edge and roughened by transverse coarse grooves decussated by radiating strise : variable in colouring, being whitish or pale drab, sometimes with purple rays, or reddish with deeper zones, covered with simple rather fine radiating strise : ventral edge not incurved and little arcuated, f .. 1^. — S. America.- D. Striata. Lin. (not Chemnitz.) D. p. 151. — List. t. 'S7G.f. 2\9.—Knorr. 6. t. 7-/. 7. — Giialt.t. 89.D.—L. t. 262. f. 5. Sub-triangularly cuneiform, inequilateral, covered with strong radiating strise, variable in colouring but usually dull white or reddish with darker concentric bands, posterior dorsal edge much sloping, the ventral arcuated in the middle, but sub-incurved at the sides : anterior slope sub-biangulated (sharply so at the umbonal slope) and marked with strong radiating strise : margin internally dentated : two lateral teeth in each valve, f .. If. — West Indies. D. Cayennensis. La7n. 18. — L>el. t. 6. f. 13. Somewhat triangular, white slightly tinged with purplish, short and obtusely truncated anteriorly, with fine longitudinal grooves, and the sides of the anterior slope sub-biangulated : beaks reddish purple. — Ouiana. — Less tumid but akin to the last.^ D. Ei.ongata. Lam.. 19. — Adanson. t. 18. /. 1. — Seha. 3. t. 86. f. 10.? Transversely elongated and longitudinally grooved, very obtuse anteriorly ; the grooves at the anterior end sub-denticu- lated : violet within. — Variety. — Very pale fulvous and white within. — W. Africa. D. Denticulata.* Lin. \\27.—D.p. \5l.—Lam. 20.— Ch. f.256.—L. t.262.f. 7 .—Bon. t.24.—W. t. 6./. 8. Ovate, wedge-shaped and Very obtuse anteriorly, with numerous fine punctured longitudinal strise, white with purple rays : anterior slope transversely wrinkled and the margin toothed ; purple within. T~"T2* — Mediterranean and West Indies. ^D. Cardioides. Lam. 2\.—Ast. t. 81./. 17, 8, 9.— Del. t. * See too the Radiata of Schroeter (of which we have given a copy) t.S.f 3. p. 104.— D. p. 155.— TT. t. 6.f. 17. 2 D. Ringens, Lam. 16. is a Capsa. 3 Delessert's figure of Cayennensis so well agrees with some varieties of the preceding, that I can hardly venture to consider the species distinct. TRIQE NYMPHACEA. 83 6 /. 14. Trapezlform, transverse, turgid, sub-equilateral, longitu- dinally grooved, white reticulated with reddish brown spots, posterior end nearly smooth, anterior slope gibbous in the middle : pale orange rufous within, the margin serrated. I. — New Holland. — Scarcely a Donax, the hinge more resembling that of Cardium 3Iedium, and the palleal scar not sloped posteriorly . D. Mkroe. iam. 22.— Venus. M. ii/j. 1132.— Z>. p. 185. — TF. t. 8./. 62.— C/t. /. 450, 1, 2.—E. t. 261. /. l.—List. t. 378./". 221. Ovate, triangular, compressed, with narrow transverse parallel grooves, variable in colouring, but generally whitish, tinged more or less with fulvous, and covered with abroad zig-zag stripe of a purplish or liver colour : anterior slope excavated. — Variety. — Uniform white or purple. (Ch.f. 453). 2. — India. D. ScRiPTA.* Lin. l\27.—D. p. 154.— La^n. 23.— List. t. 379./. 222.— E. t. 261./. 2, 3, 4.— Ch.f. 261,2, 3.— W. t. 6./. 15. Ovate, somewhat flattened, smooth, white with waved lines and spots (which are usually parallel) of a purplish orange reddish or fawn colour ; anterior depi-ession hollowed and the ligament sunk in a groove : margins acute. — India.* J). Anatinum.* Lam. — Slain, t. 72. f. 2. — D. Trunculus. W. t. 6. f. 5. (not Lam. 24.)— Bon, t. 29./. l.—D.p. 150.— Lis. t. 376./. 2\7.—Dors. Cat. t. 6. /. 3.— Da Costa, t. 14 /. 3. Oblong wedge-shaped, with the hinge margin nearly straight ; glossy, with numerous minute longitudinal simple striae, becoming obsolete towards^ the anterior end, which is shorter, smooth, and very obliquely truncated ; yellowish olive, with two or three pale rays, and darker or lighter bands ; violet within : a single lateral tooth, f . . 1 \. — Europe.^ D. Fabagella. Lam. 25. Transversely oblong, with the an- terior side short oblique convex and sub-carinated ; whitish some- what tinged with red, and indistinctly rayed : the transverse striae decussated by extremely fine longitudinal ones. 1.^ * Both this and the preceding species are more allied to Cytherea than Donax. There are three cardinal teeth in the right and two in the left valve, the posterior tooth confounding itself with the nyrapha;. These cardinal teeth are disposed differently from those of Donax proper. ^ We have given a copy of the D. Striatus of Chemnitz ( W. t. 6. f- 7 .) which is probably an exaggerated figure of this species ; cer- tainly it is not the Striatus of Linne. 6 This is probably the same as D. Semistriata. Poli. t. 19./. 7. — Philip, p. 36. t. 3. /. 12. Oblong, wedge-shaped, usually drab with two white rays, vei-y smooth posteriorly, anteriorly with decussating striae : anterior slope with strong transverse grooves, its G 2 84 TESTACEOUS MOLLXJSCA. D, Martinicensts. Lam. 27. — Del.t. G.f. 15, Transversely ovate and flattened, with transverse .and very delicate longitudinal striae, pinkish white and obscurely rayed ; anterior side obliquely truncated, posterior produced and rounded. 2. — Martiniq'ue..^ D. Spinosa. Chemnitz, f. 258. p. 265.— TF. t. 6. /. 11. Wedge-shaped ; anterior side extremely short, almost directly trun- cated, and the slope decussated by striae, and edged by a spinous keel posteriorly ; anteriorly with transverse crenulated striae, pos- teriorly with very delicate radiating lines : ventral edge more strongly denticulated anteriorly. 4 • • ^ • — Tranqvebar. D. Madagascariensis. Wood. sup. t. 2.f. 3. Cuneiform, an- teriorly very short and obliquely truncated, posteriorly sub acumi- nated, the posterior dorsal edge greatly sloping, the ventral arcuated in the middle ; with oblique somewhat flexuous grooves. ^.—Ma- dagascar. D. Dentifera. Nobis, in Z. P. 1843. Sub-triangular, crowded with fine simple radiating striae, which posteriorly are crossed by a few concentric lines of growth, and anteriorly are de- cussated by very close and fine undulating wrinkles, which give a granular appearance to the fine radiating raised striae on the some- what flattened anterior slope, the latter biangulated, both angles defined by a distinct radiating rib or ribs, furnished with a project- ing tooth at its extremity : dorsal edge much sloping posteriorly, posterior side obtusely rounded : variable in colouring, flesh colour, olive yellow, with purple umbones or rayed with purple inside, velvet or brilliant pink : ventral edge little arcuated 1 j. — S. America? D. Carinata. Nobia in Z. P. 1843, Transversely elongated, convex, very inequilateral, purplish brown, with more or less dis- tinct radiating striae, (usually with obsolete darker rays and polished,) ventral edge little arcuated and forming a very acute point with the nearly straight edge of the obliquely truncated and almost flattened anterior slope, which is very sharply carinated and sculptured by close decussated radiating striae : inside purple, two lateral teeth in each valve, the ventral edge crenated, anterior crenulated. ^.. If. D. PuNCTATO-STRiATA. Nohis in Z. P . \SA3. Sub -triangular, very convex, pale livid brown, with strong radiating punctated striae, becoming very fine and close on the anterior slope, whose edge is rounded, posterior and anterior edges much sloping, ventral edge convex and rounded at the tip ; ventral edge sub-incurved anteriorly: usually violet within. ^..\. — Mediterranean. ^ The figure in Delessert professedly delineated from Lamarc's own specimen, resembles a Tellina (Punicea?) rather than a Donax. It has an anterior fold, is pale purplish within and without, with two obscure short rays, and the hinge sub-central. TRIBK NYMPHACEA. 85 arcuated in the middle ; inside stained with violet, the ventral margins dentated, the anterior crenulated : two cardinal and lateral teeth in each valve, l^.-l;^. — China. — When full grown less ine- gnilateral than most of this genus. D. Straminea. Schrceter. 3. p. \05.7io. 12. t. 8.f. 4. — Gmel. 3266. — D. p. 156. — W. t. 6. J". 19. Obtusely wedge shaped, con- vex, posterior dorsal edge much sloping, anteriorly very short, the edge convex and continuous to the ventral margin, the slope rounded ; yellow with two extremely short purple rays at the beaks, smooth except just at the anterior extremity, and bordering on the slope, where it is flexuously grooved and decussated by minute radiating strife, which latter are continued throughout the slope ; inside white, the slopes purple, the margin only crenulated anteriorly : a cardinal and two lateral teeth in one valve, two cardinal and a lateral in the other, g . • f . D. Semisulcata. Hobis in Z. P. 1843. Abbreviated cunei- form, uniform yellowish white, slightly tinged with red at the ura- bones, posteriorly attenuated and smooth, the posterior dorsal edge much sloping : anteriorly ail but directly truncated, marked with transverse grooves, decussated by radiating striae, anterior edge nearly straight ; margins crenated : inside white, the disc pale pink, two lateral teeth in one valve, one in the other, f . . f . D. Incarnata. Chem. f. 259.— Gmel. 3265.— Z>. p 153.— W. t. 6.f. 12. -J?, t. 261./". 6. Wedge-shaped, uniform pinkish flesh colour, truncated and marked with decussated wrinkled striae, posteriorly very finely striated longitudinally, f . • 1 . — Tranquehar. D. Variabilis. 'Sny. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. 2. p. 305.— Sa9/. Am. C t. 61. y. 1. Triangular; anteriorly obliquely truncated and cordate, the suture a little convex ; posterior dorsal edge nearly straight : the suture indented ; beaks a little prominent, sub-central: red, white, yellow or with linear reddish brown rays on a white or yellow ground, with most delicate longitudinal striae, which are ob- solete posteriorly. ^ . . ^ — U. States. D. FossoR. 'Say. Juur. A. N. S. Phil. 2. p. 306. — Say. Am. C t. 61. f. 2. Sub-triangular, anteriorly short and rounded, pos- terior dorsal edge straight, beak little prominent, with all but invi- sible longitudinal striae, which are obsolete posteriorly, pale livid, with two whitish sub-anterior rays both within and M^thout. 4.. — New Jersey. — Variety —Whitish. — Variety — Yellowish. D. Californica. Conr. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. 7. p. 254. t. 19.y. 21. Elongated, somewhat pointed at both ends, discs with very minute radiating lines, yellowish, obscurely rayed, a brown stripe on the posterior and anterior sub-margin : inside white and purplish brown, the margin crenulated. f. — California. D. ScALPELLUM. Gray. Ann. Phil. 25. — TF. S. Donax. I. Elongated, flattened, thin, polished, yellowish, with purple rays, and ^G TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. delicate radiating striae, posteriorly much elongated, rounded yellow ; anteriorly oblique, truncated, biangulated, pui-ple : the margin finely denticulated. ^..4. D. PuLCHELLA. Nobisin Z. P. 1843. Very elongated trans- versely, convex, very inequilateral, pellucid, polished, whitish, with three anterior narrow purple rays, obsoletely and radiatiugly striated ; anterior slope rounded, finely striated longitudinally, its edge very convex ; ventral edge crenulated, nearly straight, sub-incurved an- teriorly ; lateral teeth very approximate. -^•'\. — W. Indies? — Very like ScalpeUum. Gray.^ CAPSA. Transverse, equivalve, valves approximate and close ; with two primary teeth in the right valve, and a single bijid one in the left ; no lateral teeth ; ligament external. C. COMPLANATA.* SoW. G.f. 8. — TeLLINA PoLlTA. Poli.2. t.2\.f. 145.— DoNAx CoMPLANATA. Mont. p. \06.—Turt. B. t. 7./. 13, A.—D.ji. 150.— TF. t. 6./. 6. Ovate-oblong, trans- verse, smooth, whitish under a greenish epidermis, and marked at the posterior end with a single yellowish ray, bordered by two brown lines : margin quite entire, somewhat violet within. — Medi- terranean, ij'C. C. Levigata. Lam,. 1, — Donax. L. Gmel. 3265. — D. p. 154.— CA./. 249.— W. t. 6.f. 14. Triangular, ovate, sub- equilateral, obsoletely striated, and slightly depressed on the anterior slope ; epidermis greenish yellow, beaks and interior violet : mar- gin quite entire. 1 g . . 2^. — Tranquehar. C. Brasiliensis. Lam. 2. — Sow. G.f. 1. — Reeve, t. 61. f. 1. — Bl. t. 7\.f. 3.—E. t. 261./. 10. Oblong, triangidar, inequi- lateral and very depressed towards the anterior extremity ; epider- mis yellowish green, striated both longitudinally and transversely : whitish within. — Brazil. — Larger than the last. C. RiNGENS. Desk. — Donax Serra. D. p. 149. — W. t. 6.f. 4.— Donax R. Lam. ]6.— Ch.f. 251, 2.—E. t. 260./. 3. Large, ovate-triangular, wedge-shaped, with the anterior end gib- bous, rough, and undulatingly wrinkled ; whitish, stained with violet within : margin strongly toothed, cartilage cleft oblong. 2.. 3. — Cape of Good Hope. C. Altior. Sow. Z. P. 1832. Sub-triangularly oblong, palish 1 A copy of Schroeter's figure of Donax Candida (TF. t. 6. / 20.) is given, but the description of the hinge which is stated to have three cardinal and a lateral tooth in each valve, prevents the pos- sibility of its belonging to this genus. TRIBE NYMPHACEA. 87 under an olive epidermis, internally violet ; dorsal margin slopino- posteriorly, with a rounded off acuniination, anteriorly sub-truncated; ventral edge posteriorly rounded ; anteriorly slightly flexuous : umbones blackish. 1-J^,.3^\^. — Peru and C. America. C. Trunculus.— DoNAx. T. Lam. 24. — Philip, p. 36.— Ch. f. 253, 4.— Born, t, 4. f. 3. 4.—Knorr. 1. t. 7. f. 7.-~E. t. 262. /. I.— Poll. 1. t. 19./.' 12, 3. Oblong wedge-shaped, thick, only marked with obsolete minute longitudinal striae, posterior side nearly thrice as long as the obliquely truncated anterior ; posterior dorsal edge sub-rectilinear : a linear excavated lunule ; yellow, (rarely lilac) often with paler radiating lines, and one or two violet bands; inside usually violet. f..l3^. — Mediterranean. CRASSINA. Sub-orbicular, transverse, equivalve, sub-inequilateral, close; hinge with two strong, diverging, 'primary teeth -m the riglit valve, and two unequal ones on the other ; ligament external, on the longer side. C. Sulcata.* Turt. B. p. 132. t. II. f. 1, 2.— Venus. S. Ifont. p. 131. — La7n. 27. — C. Danmoniknsis. La^n. 1. — Venus. D. llont. svp. t. 29./. 4. — D.p. ]67.~Bl. t. 75./. 7. — JV. t. 7 . f. 21. Roundish, triangular, and slightly compressed, white under a dark brown cuticle, with smooth strong regular equi- distant concentric ridges ; beaks nearly central and inclining ; lozenge lanceolate lunule nearly heart-shaped : inner margin glossy and crenulated. 1 .. 1^. — Enqland.^ C. FuscA. i>e.sA.— Tellina. F. Poli. 1. t. 15./. 32, 3. Solid, triangular, somewhat heart-shaped, brown, sub-equilateral, with twelve or thirteen very regular large transverse grooves : lunule impressed deep and smooth : white within and the margins toothed. Mediterranean. C. ScoTiCA.* Mont. sup. p. 44. — Venus S. Lam. 55. — D.p. 167.— Lin. Tr. 8. t. 2./. 2,.—Twrt. B. t. 11./ 3, 4.— W. t. 7.f. 20. Ovate, heart shaped, with strong regular flattened concentric smooth ridges, white, with a brown cuticle, and the margin entire. 1. — Scotland, England. 2 The shell which has been considered by Amei'ican authors as identical with the European species is most assuredly distijict. We propose for it the name of C. Latisulca. Cordiform, convex, thick, heavy, with about eleven much elevated concentric ribs, which are much narrower than the interstitial grooves ; cuticle black ; umbones eroded ; lunule ovate oblong, and as well as the lanceolate lozenge, excavated. 1 . . \\. — N. America. 88 TKSTACEOUS MOLLTJSCA. C. Incrassata. Desk, in Lam. 7- p. 257. Solid, triangular, sub-cordifonn, inflated ; chesnut brown, quite smooth except at the beaks, which have transverse wrinkles ; slightly inflexed on one side ; margin usually denticulated ; hinge with tw^o strong teeth, one in the right valve minute. — 3Iediterrariean? C. Castanea. Sai/. jhn. t. 1. /. 1. — Gould. Mas. — Venus. C. Soy. I. A. N. S. Rounded, depressed, solid, and irre- gularly striated, with a chesnut cuticle and acute beaks ; lunula oval-oblong and depressed : within white, with the margins finely crenulated, and the teeth of one valve unequal. 1. — Ne7V Jersey. C. BoREALis. Gray. Ann. Phil. 25. — Venus B. Lin. ll'M.t — D. p. 198.— CA./. 412, 3, 4. Rounded ovate, both slopes sub- truncated, flattish, transversely striated, white under a reddish brown cuticle, always decorticated at the beaks. l.,\^. — N. Europe ? C. MoNTAGui. Gray. Anji. Phil. 25. — Venus Compressa. Mont. t. 26./. 1.— Z>. p. 167.— TF. t. 1 . f. 19.— Cyprina. C. Turt. Bir). t.' I \.f. 20. to 23. Sub-triangular, posteriorly rounded, anteriorly but shghtiy so, obsoletely and irregularly grooved trans- versely, white under a brown cuticle : the depression in front of the beaks, which are very prominent and inchning, sudden. ^. — Scotland. C. Crenata, — NiCANiA. C. Gray in Parry Sup. Oval- elliptical, with regular concentric furrows, pale yellowish greeen : umbones sub-central, lunule oblong lanceolate : in one valve a bifid cardinal tooth, in the other two simple ones, two rudimentary small lateral laminae in each : margin crenated. — N. Pole. C. Lactea. — AsTARTE. L. Brod. and Sow. Z. J. 4. — Beerhey. Zool. t. 44. /. 12. — Gould. Mas. p. 81. Obovate, compressed, posteriorly shorter, the anterior dorsal margin depressed : dull, with a thick dark cuticle, distinctly marked with concentric lines of gi'owth : inside white, margins quite entire. 1|^..1|^. — Icy Cape. C. Artica. Gray, in Parry Sup. Roundish ovate, convex, ■white under a black shining finely concentrically striated cuticle : umbones rather prominent, slightly grooved concentrically ; lunule oblong-ovate, deep, anteriorly lanceolate : in one valve a strong simple cardinal tooth, tw^o diverging ones in the other, lateral laminae two in each valve, the anterior remote and small : edge entire. \\.. \\.—lSi. Pole.^ * Compare with these the Astarte Cyprinoides of Duval, in Uev. Z. Cue. 1841. tribe conchacea. 89 Section. — La melli pedes. Thefout ilepressed, lamelliforyn, and not posterior. TRIBE CONCHACEA. With at hast three prhnary teeth in one valve, and the other with generally the same, although sometimes with less. Section. — Fluviatile. Shells with lateral teeth at the hinge, and covered with a sjmrious epidermis, or cuticle. CYCLAS. Ovate, globular, transverse, and equiralve, rvith the beahs tumid ; cardinal teeth very small, i^ometimes barely perceptible ; or with two in each valve of which one is compUcated ; or only one pli- cated or lobed tooth in one valve, and two in the other ; lateral teeth transversely elongated, coiyipressed and lamelUfurm ; liga- vient external. C. RivicoLA * Lam. \.— Turt.B. t.U. f. U.—Turt. M. f. 1. /. 1 — Tellina Cornea. B. p. 104.— 7F. t. 5. f. 90.-7?. t. 302./. 5.— Wood. G. C. t. 46./. 3. Sub-equilateral, sub-globose, ovate, ventricose, rather solid, beautifully and closely striated, green- ish brown with two or three darker bands and the umbones obtuse, paler, and often circumscribed by a darker line ; the edge and lunule yellow : cardinal ligament conspicuous. ^ . . |^. — Europe. C. Cornea.* Lam. 2.— Tart. 31. t. \.f. 2'.—Turt. B.t.W. f. 14. p. 248. -Tellina Cornea. Lin. 1120.— Bon. t. 96.— Ch.f. 133.— C. Rivalis. Brap. t. 10. f. 14. Sub-equilateral, sub-orbicular, globose, thin, and very finely striated transversely : umbones blunt : ligament not conspicuous. — Variety — Sub-globose and rather flattened on the basal edge : umbones tumid, pellucid, and very prominent. — Variety— Smaller and nearly globular. — Europe . C. Lacustris. Brap. t. 10./ 6, 7. — Lam. 3.-~Turt. M. t. 1./ 4. — (copy). Sub-rhombic, rather flattish, very finely striated, and sub-equilateral. — Eu7-ope. C. Amnica.* Turt. M.f. 5. p. 15.— Turt. B. t. 11./ 15.— TF. /. 3./. 19.— Tellina A. J>. p. 105.— C. Obliqua. Lam. 4. — C. Palustris. Brap. t. 10. / 15, 6. Inequilateral, ovate, ventricose, deeply striated sulcately, greenish horn-colour ; the um- bones rather blunt. — Enrope. C. Calycul.\ta.* Lam. 5.— Brap. t. 10. /: 13, 4.— "Turt. M. f. 3.— C. Lacustris. Turt. B. p. 249. /. ' 1 1./. 18.— Car- DiuM L. Mont. p. 89.— Tellina L. W. t. 5. /. 91. Nearly 90 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. equilateral, rather rhombic, compressed, thin, yellowish white, dia- phanous, umbones prominent, rather acute and tuberculosa : liga- ment inconspicuous. — Variety — Orbicular, less compressed, sub- diaphanous and reddish brown. — Varieti/ 2. — Orbicular, rhombic, rather ventricose, sub-diaphanous and reddish : umbones less pro- minent, blackish. \ . . 1. — Europe. C. Obtusalis.* Lam. 6. — Del. t. 7. f. 2. — Pisidium D. Pfelf. t. 5. /. 21, 2.— Gray. Turf. f. 149. Globose, obhquely sub-ovate, slightly, inequilateral, shining, very finely striated, green- ish black, with a yellowish marginal zone, rarely altogether yellowish ; umbones rather prominent and very blunt. — Variety 1. — Ovtite, triangular, very ventricose, blackish or ochraceous, edge very blunt, i. — Sivedeu, d^-c. C. FoNTiNALis. Lam. 7. Drap. t. lOo /. 8. to 11. — Pusil- LA.* Turt. M.f. I.— Turt. B. p. 251. t. 1 1./. 16, 7. Orbicular, ovate and rather compressed, very finely striated, and scarcely ine- quilateral, umbones rather prominent. \. — France, Sweden, ^c. C. AusTRAias. La77i. 8. Somewhat heart-shaped, tumid, opaque, inequilateral, with transverse groove-like striae, umbones prominent; beaks obliquely inclining, — Timor. J. — Variety — Pellucid.-— iV^ero Holland. G. SiMiLis. Say. in Nich. Enc. Amer. A, t. 1. /. 9. — Gould. 3Ias.f. 53. p. 73.— C. Sulcata. Lam. 9.— Del. t. 7. /. 3. Sub-oval, sub-equilateral, marked with strongly raised lines of growth, very convex, the sides nearly equally rounded, the anterior slightly the larger and more pointed, the ventral edge very little arcuated, remarkably broad across the beaks, which are but slightly elevated, dark chesnut brown, inside bluish. The young thin and. compressed, hinge with minute very oblique cardinal teeth, the late- ral distinct strong and white, the dorsal line nearly straight, and the extremities truncated, so as to give the shell a quadrilateral shape, light lemon or wax yellow. -| . . -J-^.— 31assachusets, North America. C. Striatina. Lam. 10. — Del. t. 7.f. 4. Rounded, elliptic, somewhat inequilateral, posteriorly shorter and slightly angulated, greenish olive, convex, elegantly striated, beaks somewhat decorti- cated. ^. — Lake George in North America. — Smaller and more inequilateral thati C. Cornea. C. Sarratoga. Lam. 11. — Del. i. 7. ,/. 9. Transversely oval, posteriorly rounded and rather shorter, with an obtuse anterior dorsal angle : a brownish epidermis and transverse striae : beaks decorticated and eroded. 1. — Sarratoga in North America. C. NiTiDA.* — Pisidium. N. Jeynjns Monog. in Camh. Ph. Tr. 4. p. 16. t. 20. f. 7, 8.— Gray. Turt. p. 283./. 150. Rounded oval, slightly inequilateral, very shining, finely striated, sides obtuse, ventral edge little arcuated, dorsal line scarcely slop- TRIBE CONCHACEA. 91 ing : umboncs ratlici' blunt, with a few deeper striae. — England. — Minute. C. PuLCHELLA.* — PisiDiuM P. Jtnyns Mon. IS. /. 21. /'. 1. — Gray. Turt. p. 284. f. 151.— Cardium Amnicum Junior. Mont. p. 88. Obliquely ovate, inequilateral, ventricose, deeply striated concentrically: umbones rather blunt, simple. — Variety — Jenyns. Mon. t. 2\.f. 2, 3. — C. Fontinalis of Brorvn and Al- der. Smaller, thin, finely striated, umbones rather acute. — Va- riety — Obliquely oval, finely striated, compressed, margin acute. — Variety — {Je7i. Mon. t. 2\. f. 4, 5.) Rather oblong, very ventricose, deeply striated : edge very blunt, hinge margin nearly straight. — Emjland. — Mimite. C. Appendiculata.* Tu7-t. Mon, p. 15. f. 6.— Pisidium Henslowianum. Jen. Mon. p. 20, t. 21. f. 6, 7. — Gray. Turt. f. 6. p. 285. Obliquely oval, ventricose, finely striated concentri- cally, inequilateral ; umbones rather acute, with a laminar projec- tion. — Enijland. — 31inute. C. CiNEREA.* — Pisidium C. Alder. Cat. sup. p. 4. — Gray. Turt. p. 286. Grejdsh or cinereous, inequilateral, rather com- pressed, oval, finely striated, with two or three deeper sul cations, forming darker zones across the shell : margin of the valves meet- ing at a rather acute angle ; umbones obtuse and not much pro- duced ; sometimes slightly capped as in Calyculata. — Variety — More ventricose and produced at the umbones. ^, — England. C. Partumeia. Say. J. A. N. S. Phil. 2. p. 380.— Gordd. Mas. p. 73. f. 54. — C. Cornea. Far. 2, 3. Lam. Rounded- oval, slightly broader anteriorly, not at all angulated, thin, fragile, pellucid, tumid, shining, nearly smooth, light greenish horn-colour, with a marginal band of lilac or yellow : hinge margin nearly straight : ventral edge arcuated : beaks sub-central, moderately elevated, inclining inwards : inside tinged with lilac, cardinal teeth small, diverging, lateral strong and white. — Young — Light yellow, transparent, less tumid and longer, f . . Tfjy. — Massachusets, cfc. C. Elegans. Adams in Bost. Jour, of N. H. 3. t. 3.f. 11. — Gould. Mas. p. 75. f. 55. Obtusely sub-quadrilateral, all but equi- lateral, the edges sub-parallel, ventral edge nearly straight ; tumid when adult, compressed when young, not regularly convex but somewhat flattened down the middle, olive green with a straw- coloured margin and narrower zones, fine rounded concentric wrinkles ; beaks not prominent ; inside bluish, the cardinal teeth rudimentary, the lateral large and strong. -^^ . .i.. — Massachusets.^ » Add C. Rhomboidea. See too C. Argentina arid Pul- ciiELLA of D'Orb. in Mag. de Z. 1835. — C. Bahiensis. Spisr. Test. Braz. t. 23. f. 5, 6. — C. Staminea. Conrad. — C Trans- versa, C. Dubia. {Gould, f. 56.) and Edentula. Soy. 92 TKSTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. CYRENA. Shell roundinh and ti'igonal ; turgid or ventricose, inequilateral, solid, with a strong epidermis, and the beaks usually decorticated ; hinge with three teeth in each valve ; lateral teeth almost always two, one of which is near the primary ones ; ligament external, and placed on the larger side. * Lateral teeth serrated or denticulated. C. Trigonella. La7n. 1. Smallish, triangular, sub-equilateral, fulvous and nearly smooth, beaks somewhat violet. 4. — £J. Indies. C. Orientalis. Lam. 2. — Del. t. 7. f. 8. Transverse, sub- triangularly ovate, olive green, the beaks violet, with transverse dis- tant grooves : violet within, the lateral teeth serrulated, f . — China. C. Cor. Lam. 3. — Del. t. 7. /• 7 . — Tellina Fluminalis. MvUer.^D. p. 106.— C/i. /. 320.—^. t. 302. /. 2.— Venus F. W. t. 8.f. 1 13. Elongated heart-shaped, oblique, fully as long as broad, anteriorly longer and rather attenuated, thick, tumid, cuticle olive greeu with often olive brown zones, with distant sub-imbricated grooves : beaks prominent and involute : inside violet. Ij. — Euphrates. C. FuscATA. Zam. 4. —Tellina Fluviatilis. D.p.l07. — Ch.f. 32l.~E. t. 302. f. 2.— Venus F. W. t. 8./. 1 15. Trans- verse, olive green, sub -equilateral, rounded at the sides, not thick, with close sub-imbricated grooves ; beaks obtuse : violet within. 1. — Canton. C. Fluminea. Lam. b. — Tellina Fluminea. Ginel.32A3. —D. p. 107.— Ch. f. 322, ^.—Brhroi. Fluss. t. 4./. 2.— Venus F. W. t. S.f. 114. Heart-shaped, gibbous, yellowish-green, girt with transverse broad grooves ; within mottled with white and violet, hinge with the lateral teeth finely denticulated. 1. — China. C. ViOLACEA. Lam. 7.— Del. t. 7. f. b.—E. t. 301./. 1. Ovate elHptic, inequilateral, transversely grooved, violet within and without, indistinctly rayed ; anterior side convex and acute, the beaks decorticated ; hinge with the lateral teeth denticulated. \^. — The figures represent a muck larger specimen. — Indian Ocean, C. LiMOSA. Gray. Ann. Phil. 25.— Tellina L. Maton. Lin. T. 10. t. 24./. 8, 9. \0.—Wood. G. C. t. 46./. 4, 5.— D. p. 106. — W. t. 5. /. 86. Ovate, equivalve, brittle, smooth, trans- versely striated, with a green cuticle and the margin entire ; um- bones prominent and rather acute : within purple. ^ . . |. — S. America. C WooDiANA. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. 5. t. 18./. 55. Sub-tri- angular, ovate, thick, obtusely angular, anteriorly sub- equilateral, convex, shining except on the anterior slope, blackish brown, with transverse large wrinkles : beaks large, rounded : inside white, car- TRIBE CONCHACEA. 93 dinal teeth disposed to be bifid, the latei'al long straight and ser- rulate. 24 • . 2-j%. — Canton. C. Rotund AT A. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. 5. t. 17. f. 51. Sub- orbicular, broader than long, sub-equilateral, thick, transversely and rather minutely wrinkled, rugose and with oblique obsolete folds on the anterior slope ; beaks small, pointed, touching : cuticle yellowish brown, becoming anteriorly dark brown : on the postei'ior slope two curved yellow lines form a lanceolate mark : inside whitish and pinkish : cardinal teeth disposed to be bifid, the lateral long straight and serrulate. 2^^ . . S^^^.i ** Lateral teeth entire. C. Depressa. Lam. 8.—E. t. 302. /. 3.—A71. Venus Bore- ALis. Gmel.3285.1—Ch.f. 412,3, 4.'! Lenticular, triangular, depressed, whitish under a brown cuticle, girt with broad transverse grooves; beaks decorticated, both depressions sunken. 1. — The figure of the Encyclopedia is much smaller than the stated size, and that of Cliemnitz is supposed to be a Venus by Deshayes. C. Carolinensis. Lam. 9. — Say. Am. C.t.62. — CyclasC. Bosc. Hist. Cog-. 2. t. 18.,/". 4. Heart-shaped, turgid, inequilate- ral ; beaks distant, eroded, and decorticated ; anterior depression gaping. 1^. — S. Carolina, in N. America. C. Bengalensis. Lam. 10. — Del. t. 7. f- 6. Rounded, heart-shaped, somewhat tumid, thick, brown, inequilateral, finely striated transversely ; beaks rather distant and decorticated ; nymphae closing: teeth not diverging. \\^. — The link between Carolinensis and Ceylanica." C. Zeylanica. Lam.W. — Venus Coaxans. Gmel.327S. — D. p. \77.— Ch.f. 336. -jE*. t. 302. f. 4.— Bl. t. 73. f. 2.—W. t. 7. f. 42. Rounded, heart-shaped, tumid, inequilateral ; the an- terior extremity very shghtly angulated, coated with a greenish epidermis, and irregularly and finely striated transversely ; um- bones decorticated, margin very acute, and the cartilage cleft long, and gaping : hinge with two of the teeth notched. 2\, — Ceylon. C. Cyprinoides. Qiioy. Ast. t. 82. /". 1, 2, 3. Large, turgid, heart-shaped, inequilateral, rather thin, with transverse striee, and a greenish cuticle, which becomes brownish at the sides ; yellowish 1 AUied to this, if indeed distinct, is the C. Childreni. Grai/ in W. S. t. 2. f. 13. Compare with the shells in this division C. Jayensis. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. 5. t. \7.f. .52. ~ Allied, if not synonymous, is the C. Turgida. Lea. Trans. Am. Ph. 5. t. \8.f. 53. Triangular, inflated, thick, swollen pos- teriorly, rugose, inequilateral ; transversely wrinkled, yellowish brown, darker towards the margin, beaks elevated and recurved : inside white ; cardinal teeth disposed to be bifid, posterior lateral tooth short and elevated, anterior lateral long and lamellar. — Lnlia. 94 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. white within ; hinge narrow, with the lateral teeth short, and two cardinal ones in each valve, with the rudiments of a third in the left. 1. — Islands in the S. Seas.'^ C. Vanikoressis. Quay. Ast. t. 82./'. 4, 5. Roundish, de- pressed, rather solid, irregularly striated, with the umbones minute, and the cuticle brown ; white within, hinge narrow, with three teeth, the lateral ones short, narrow, and far from prominent — Vanikoro. C. Oblonga. Quoy. Ast. t. S2.f. 6, 7, 8. Transversely ovate, with the posterior extremity sub-angulated, rather turgid, thin, ine- quilateral, finely striated, and the cuticle brown ; within bluish white, and the palleal scar posteriorly sinuous ; hinge narrow, with three teeth, and the anteiior lateral one obsolete, the posterior pro- duced. — (Resembles a Venus in shape.) C. SuMATRENsrs. Sow. G. — Reevc. t. 63. Roundish oval, gibbous, thick, with the beaks eroded, and the cuticle greenish brown : hinge with three cardinal teeth, two of which are larger, angulated, and sub-bifid, the lateral ones short and finely wrinkled. ■ — Sumatra. C. Mexicana. Brod. and Sow. Z. J. 4. Elliptic, ventricose, white under an olivaceous cuticle, rounded at the ends, posteriorly shorter : inside whitish, varied with reddish violet, teeth small and obtuse. l^Q . . Iy'j. — Mexico. C. AuSTRALis. Desh. E. 2. />. 50. Ovate-oblong, somewhat depressed, thin, fragile, greenish brown, and marked with extremely fine irregular concentric strise ; orange within. — New Holland. — Resembles a Cyclas.'^ GALATHEA. Equivalve, sub-trigonal, covered with a greenish epidermis ; pri- mary teeth grooved, two in the rigid valve, joined at their base ; and three in the other, the intermediate one being .'ieparate and jn-otruding ; lateral teeth distant ; ligament external, short, turgid, and jJf'ominent ; nyniphcs rather prominent. G. Radiata. Lam. — Be. t. 73. f. 3. — Tellina Hermaphro- DiTA. n. p. 167.— Venus H. Gmel.— W. t. 8. /". 116.— V. Paradoxa. JD. p. ISO.— Born. t. 4./. 12, 3.— List. t. 158./. 1 Quite distinct from the C. Cyprinoides. Gray. Ann. Phil. 25. — W. S. 2. Vemis. f. 14. Triangular, heart-shaped, gibbous, olive colour, concentrically grooved ; hinge thickened, the lateral teeth smooth ; the anterior one conic and approximated. 1^ . . I^. " See too the C Papua of Lesson. — C. Paranicensis and Va- riegata of D'Orb. in Mag. de. Z. 1835. and C. Kecaudreni of Lesson, in Voy. de Coq. t. W.f. 3. Compare likewise the C. Si- miles. W. S.t.2.f. 5. TRIBE CONCHACEA. 9:') \2.— Ch.f. 327, 8, 9.—E. t.2:>0.f. \.— Reeve. t.(:){.—W.t. 7./. 48. Sub-equilateral, sub-triangular, ponderous, tumid at the elevated beaks, slopes concave, sub-rostrated, the ventral edge being slightly incurved anteriorly : cuticle olive, sometimes with dark narrow rays, smooth, shining : inside white. 3.— Africa. {Sierra Leone.) Section. — Marine. Usually destitute of lateral teeth. CYPRINA. Shell equivalve, inequilateral, obliqneli/ heart-shaped, beahs ob- liquely bent ; hiiuje with three unequal teeth, approximate at the base, andsliyhtlii diverrjejit above; lateral tooth remote, anterior, {sometimes obsolete) ; litjament external, and partly sunk be- tween the beaks. C. IsLANDiCA.* Lam.. 2.—Turt. B.p. \35.—Bl. t. 70. hisf. 5.— Sow. G.— Reeve, t. G5. — Venus I. Lin. 1131.— Z>. p. 176. —List. t. 272. f 108.— ir. t. 1 . f. W.— Ch.f. ZW.—Don. t. 3. f. 77. Obliquely heart-shaped, thick, ponderous, white, Tinder a coarse, brown, rather glossy cuticle, and striated irregularly and concentrically ; beaks prominent, lunule obliterated : inside white, and the margins very entire. Z^..3%.—N. Europe and N. Am- erica." C. Triangularis. Turt. B. p. 136. t. 11./. 19, 20. Jenus T. Mont. p. 577. t. 17. f. 3.—D.p. 173.— IF. t.7.f.S5.— Turt. D. p. 238. Roundish with a triangular outline towards the beaks, which are produced and equally sloping on both sides, smooth, white : lunule lanceolate : three teeth and a curved lateral in one valve, two and a lateral in the other, palleal scar not siuu- lated. -I-. — England and Ireland. I C. Minima. T?. p. 1/7.— C/t. /, 340. — E. t. 270. / \.—W. t. 7. f. 43. Ovate, heart-shaped," smooth, white, with chesnut zones, which are interrupted in the middle : anterior tooth channelled and striated. 2\. — China and .Japan. C. Petechialis. Lam. 2.—E. t. 268. /. 5, Q.—Som. G. — Reeve, t. G9. f- 1. and t. 70. f. 1. Sub-cordate, obovate, tu- mid, smooth, greyish, with dark tawny scattered dots under a fulvous epidermis : anterior side angulated and its slope slate- coloured : lunule obsolete : inside white with only a purple stain on the nymphse. 2\ — Indian Oceaii. C. Impudica. Lam. 3.—Ch.f. 347, 8. and 350.—^. t. 269. f. 1 . Rounded, heart-shaped, smooth, thick, inflated, pale salmon- coloured, with the anterior slope (whose angle is very obtuse) and the obsolete rays and bands of pale livid violet : inside white with a purple stain at the anterior end. 2^. — Indian Ocean.^ C. Castanea. Lam.A.— Ch.f.2>o\.—E.t.2Q9.f.2. Venus Meretrix. W. t. 7 . f. 47. Heart-shaped, smooth, thick, ches- nut brown, the anterior slope bluish black : anterior side obtusely angidated. 2|. — Indian Seas. C. Meretrix. Lam. 6. — Del. t. 8./. 1. Triangular, smooth, white, but bluish olive on the slope of the angulated anterior side ; umbones spotted. 2^. — India? C. Graphica. Lam. 7- — E.t.266.f.!). Rounded, triangular, smooth, grey, with brown rays or flexuous lineoles ; anterior slope oval and bluish ash-coloured : lunule oblong : sometimes rayless, sometimes with two imperfect rays : anterior slope slightly elevated in the middle. 1^. — Indian Seas. C. Morphina. Lam. 8.—Ch. f. 358.— E. t. 266. /. 3.* Rounded, triangular, smooth, grey, (sometimes with two imperfect brown rays), anterior slope bluish brown : lunule ovate. 1^ — Indian Ocean ayid N. Holland. — Perhaps a variety of the las t.^ C. Zonaria. Lam. 5 — Arg. t. 21. F. Triangular, smooth, 1 We have given a copy of the V. Exilis of Chemnitz, y. 363. (Z>. p. 182. — W. t. 7 .f. 53.) which may probably prove the young of this or Morphina. 2 Quoted likewise for Venus Opima by Lamarc. I do not know the species. TRIBE CONCHACEA. 9/ whitish with angularly flexuous bands and rufous lines ; anterior slope flattened, with fulvous letter-like markings. 2^. — Iiuiia. C. PuRPURATA. Lam. 9. Roundish, heart-shaped, tumid, purple wdth whitish bands and unequal transverse grooves, of whioli those on the posterior side and the ventral margin are the more prominent ; beaks large and tumid ; white within ; anterior tooth denticulated and granular. 2. — Brazil. C. Casta. Lam. 10.— Venus C. Gmel. 3278 — Z>. p. 179. — Cli. f. 346. — W. t. 7. f. 46. Roundish-heart-shaped, nearly smooth, being only marked by indistinct longitudinal striae, white with the anterior slope and posterior depression ovate roundish and somewhat glaucous, the latter scarcely defined ; the interior tinged with violet. 1;^ . . 1|-. — India. C. CoRBicuLA. Zam. 11,— Venus C. Gmel, 3278. — Venus Mactroides. D.p. \72.— Ch.f. 326.— E. t. 269./. 3.~W. t. 7. f. 33. Triangular, rounded at the ends, and flattened on the slopes, glabrous, whitish or tawny, and somewhat rayed with rufous, beaks narrow ; lunule large, paler, and ill-defined ; posterior cardi- nal tooth obliquely furrowed as in the following species. — Variett/. Fulvous without rays. 2^. — Guinea and the W.Indies. C. Tripla. Lam. 12. — Venus Tripla. Lin. 3Ian1is. p. 545. —D. p. \73. — List. t. 252. f. S6.— Ch.f. 330, \.—W. t. 7./. 34. Triangular, smooth, obtuse at the ends, whitish or fulvous, umbones tumid and narrow ; lunule ovate and large ; inside more or less tinged with purple. — Variety. With a few indistinct purplish rays. i Ch. f. 332). — * 'Possibly the yoxincj of the last." Deshayes.— W. Indies. C. NivEA. Heart-shaped, thick, polished, very convex, pure white, with the anterior slope purplish blue, and a few angular livid markings on the umbones ; posteriorly with deep grooves rarely if ever extending to the anterior side ; lunule ovate-cor- diform, wath a purple stain at the base : inside with a purple anterior stain, the anterior tooth striated: margin entire. If.. 2. — Red Sea. — This ^nay possibly prove to be a variety of Pur- pxirascens. Section B. — Anterior cardinal tooth not striated in its cleft, nor dentated on the inaryin. C. GiGANTEA. Lam. 13.— Venus G. Gmel. 3282.— Z>. p. 202.— Ch. f. 1661.—^. t. 280. /. 3.— W. t. 8. /. 100. Very large, ovate-oblong, pale livid, with numerous interrupted brown or bluish rays : lunule deep, ovate, and keeled in the middle. 3|..6. Ceylon. C Erycina. Lajn. 14. — Reeve, t. 71. f. 3 — Venus E. Lin. 1131.— Z>. p. l7o.—Ch.f 337.— E. t. 204./. 2.- W. t. 7.f. 38. • — List. t. 268. /. 104. Ovate, sub-cordiform, thick and rather H 98 TESTACEOUS MOLLTJSCA. heavy, with coarse rather distant irregular grooves, which terminate so as to k^ave the anterior slope nearly glabrous, glossy, pale brownish fawn, becoming orange-chesnut at the margin, with somewhat in- terrupted dark brown rays which vary in breadth and are often crowded; lunule ovate ; inside white. 24-.. 2|. — India. — Variety. White, with two bluish browai rays and scattered angular mark- ings ; the anterior slope unspotted. — New Holland. — Variety? Venus Pactfica. D.p. 175. — Ch.f. 1976. Pale brown, with numerous violet brown rays, and the margin tinged with violet. — China. C. LiLACiNA. Lam. 15.— Ch. f. 338, 9.—E. t. 264. /. 3. Ovate, grooved closely, and indistinctly rayed, the margin and in- terior tinged with violet ; lunule livid. 24. — 3IoUuccas. — Not un- like Erycina, but proportionably broader. C. Impar. Lam. 16. Obliquely heart-shaped, whitish, with livid fulvous rays marked wdth grooves at the posterior end, which become indistinct as they recede ; anterior slope bluish grey ; within white, with the anterior side empurpled. 2\. — New Molland.^ C. Pectoralis. Lam. 18. Ovate, depressed, transversely grooved, violet fulvous, with some very indistinct rays, and the lunule livid, with its edge as well as the suture beaks and anterior slope white with chesnut markings. l.— JPerhaps a young variety of Lilacina. C. Planatella. La7n. 19. — Ch. 7. t. 43. /. b.1 Ovate, flattened, transversely grooved, white, with variously shaped fulvous spots, and a violet stain within ; lunule small, ovate, and fulvous. 1. C. Florida. Lam. 20. — Del. t. 8. f. 7 • Subcordate, trans- versely grooved, brownish with purple clouds and two or three crimson-brown rays ; anterior slope marked with lines ; lunule chesnut : violet red within. \\. — Florida. C. NiTiDULA. Lam. 21. — Del. t. S.f. 4. Ovate-elliptic, rather longer anteriorly, smooth, reddish fulvous, with about two chesnut spotted transverse belts ; beaks and interior whitish. J-^. C. Chione.* Lam. 22. — Venus Chione. Lin. 1131. — D. p. 178. — Ch.f. 343.-7^. t. 7. f. 44.— Bl. t. 74. f. 5.— Don. t. 17. Ovate heart-shaped, glossy, smooth, fulvous with obsolete rays ; lunule oblong acute and raised in the middle ; cartilage cleft broad: epidermis tawny chesnut. — Europe. C. Maculata. Lam. 23.— Venus M. Lin. 1132.— J> p. 178.— Ch.f. 345.— List. t. 270. f. 106.— E. t. 265./. 4.—W. t. 7.f. 45. Ovate, somewhat heart-shaped, smooth and glossy, white more or less tinged with reddish brown, and marked with livid purple somewhat angular spots, some of the larger of which at C. Erycinella (Lam. 17.) is a young Costata. TRIBE CONCHACEA. 99 times form two indistinct rays : white wdthin. 1 .^ . . 2. — S. Ame- rica, W. Indies. C. CiTRiNA. Lam. 24.— Desk. E. vol. 2.f. 56.— Del. t. 8./. 8. — Chione Striata. Gray in Analyi^f, 1838. Triangularly heart-shaped, transversely striated, citron colour spotted ventrally on the anterior side both within and without with reddish brown ; the anterior slope reddish and somewhat rayed ; Innule sub-cordate, inside purplish brown. If. — New Holland. C. Albina. Lam. 25. — Del. t. 8.f. 5. Somewhat heart-shaped, ovate, white, with the umbones pale, marked with a few trans- verse striae ; scarcely any lunule ; perfectly white within. If. — Indian Ocean 1 — SUyhtly resembling List. t. 2G3. f. 99. C. L^TA. Lam. 26.— Venus L, Lin. 1 132.-^ TF. t. 7.f. 49. —D. 2). 180.— Ch.f. 353, 4.—L:. t. 266. /. A.—Bl. t. 74. f. 1. — V. Affinis. Gmel. 3278. Somewhat heart-shaped, obovate, tumid, not thick, whitish with rather interrupted tawny rays; lunule subovate and raised towards its point, where it forms an angle; inner disc often fleshy pink. 2.— Molhiccas. — Variety. Without rays, but with minute red spots at the umbones. C. Mactroides. Lam. 27. — Del. t. 8./. 2. Triangular, sub- equilateral, depressed, ferruginous, with a few white rays, and trans- verse striae towards the ventral margin ; the antei'ior slope rufous or rust-coloured and flattened ; lunule lanceolate, beaks whitish : white within. 2. C. Trigonella. Lam. 28. — Del. t. 8. /. 3.— Trigonella Angulifera. Gray in Analyst, 1838. Small, triangularly- ovate, smooth, mottled with pale fulvous and purple, and marked with rufous angularly flexuous lines ; spotted within. — W. Indies. C. SuLCATiNA. Lam. 29.— Ch.f. 371, 2.—E. t. 269./. 3. Rounded triangular, brownish red rayed with white, with transverse striae, which almost become grooves postei'iorly ; lunule heart- shaped : golden yellow within. 1^. —India.— Variety. Pale brown at the anterior end : white within. C. Hebr^a. Latn. 30. — Del. t. 8. f. 6. Obliquely heart- shaped, ventricose, transversely striated, white, somewhat rayed with linked fulvous letter-like markings, and stained with reddish brown under each beak in the interior, which elsewhere is white. 1^. — Indicm Ocean? C. Castrensis. Lam. 31. — Reeve, t. 1\. f- 2- — Venus C. Lin. 1132.— D. p. 183.— Ch. f. 367, 8. — TF. t. ?. f. 57— Knorr. 1. t. 21. /. 5. ^ 2. t. 20. f. 2. 8f 6. t. 6./. 5, 6.'— List. t. 262. f. 98. Roundish, heart-shaped, broader than long, ventricose, thick, glabrous, white, with scattered purplish brown chesnut or yellowish short broad angulated streaks, one of whose edges is broken : lunule elongated, heart-shaped, and defined by a groove. Variety. Ch. f. 1662. With short brown forked markings, tlie angle being directed towards the beak. 24. — Indian Ocean. H 2 100 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. C. Ornata. Lam. 32.— Ch. f. 369, 370.— E. t. 273. /. 5. Roundish triangular, not ventricose, bluish white, with longitudinally disposed crowded chesnut angular streaks : anterior slope yellowish ; lunule somewhat heart-shaped and defined by a groove. 1-/q. — In- dian Ocean. — Probably a variety of Castrensis.^ C. Picta. Lam. 33.— Venus Ornata. D.p. 184.— Ch. f. 380, ].—W. t. 7.f. 59. -L. t 272./. 2, 3.— List. t. 259. f. 95. Obtusely heart-shaped, obovate, and moderately convex, smooth, covered with angular linear rufous or chesnut markings, (forming a rude net-work) on a white ground : umbones tumid ; lunule ovate : inside yellowish. 1. — Indian Seas. C. TiGRiNA. Lam. 34.— An. Ch. f. 374, 5.— Val. Amb. t. 15. f. 16. Ovate, smooth in the middle, and grooved at the sides, white, with small unequal scattered dark brown triangular spots ; lunule small, heart-shaped, and brown. If. — Amboyna. C. Venetiana, Lam. 35. — Phil. p. 40. t. 4. f. 8.— Venus RuDis. Pali. 1. t. 20. /. 15, 6.— Del. t. 9. /. 9. Obliquely heart-shaped, ventricose, transversely striated, white with yellow and rufous rays, composed partly of broken angular spots ; depres- sions brownish red : inside whitish. |. — Lagunes of Chioggia, near Venice. C. Juvenilis. Lam. 36. — Venus J. Qmel. 3287. — D. p. 196. — Ch.f. 405.— E.t. 280./. 2.— TF. ^. 8./. 85. Orbicular, convex, white with brown spots forming indistinct rays, and rounded concentric striae, which become coarser and ridge-like at each ex- tremity ; lunule small heart-shaped and sunken. — Variety. (Rufa. Lam. 37.) Reddish fulvous, with two darker rays. I^. — India. C. GuiNEENSis.* Lam. 38. — Turt. B. p. 161. — Venus. G. Gmel. 3270.— Venus Circinata. D. p. \69.— Ch. f. 311. — Born. t. 4.f. 8.— W. t. 7 -f. 24. Obliquely heart-shaped, with raised ridge-like concentric striae ; both depressions dark purple and unarmed, reddish or purplish, with white rays. Variety. Whit- ish with reddish rays. i^E. 265. f. X.)— Variety. Uniform white. — W. Africa. — Shape of next. ^ C. DioNE. Lam. 39. — Reeve. t.7\- f. 1- — Venus D. Lin. U25.—D.p. 158.— Ch.f. 271, 2, 3.—W. t. 7.f. \.—E. t. 275. f. 1 . Obliquely heart-shaped, transversely ribbed, with a double row of spines on the anterior slope, reddish purple. 1:^ . . 1^. — 1 So likewise is Lorenziana of Chemnitz, {f. 1961, 2. — D. p. 184.— l^F. t. 7.f. 59.) according to Mr. Gray. 2 We have copied Schroeter's figure of Gmehn's Venus Caliste, W. t. 7 .f. 27 ■ — D- p. 170.) which is described as resembling this species. It is probably then a Cytherea, but I have not recognized the shell. TRIBE CONCHACEA. 101 Variety. {Zool. P. 1S35. — C. Lupinaria. Larson.) Pale, the anterior slope and lunule violet ; with concentric lines which pos- teriorly are lamellar, and elsewhere rounded and irregular ; spines very long and distant. — Variety. C. Violet, smooth, except at the umbones and posterior side which are somewhat laraellated ; }*pines very distant, thickish, moderate in length. — W. Indies and S. America. C. Arabica. Lam. 40. — Del. t. 9. f. 4. — V. Pectunculus. D p. 184.— ir. t. 7.f. 58.— Ch.f. 1963. to 70.— V. Callypiga. Born. t.5. f. 1. {fde I)eshayes).—D. p. 186.— TF. t. 8./. 63. Obovate heart-shaped, very convex, thick, inequilateral, grooved transversely, (the grooves often becoming obsolete in the centre,) extremely variable in colouring, being covered with brown angular markings on a pale ground, and sometimes with rays of spots on a paler ground ; lunule lanceolate, ill-defined. — Variety/. Brown with scattered white spots. 1. — Red Sea. C. Trimaculata. Lam. 41. — An. Venus Phryne, Gmel. no. 21. ? Somewhat rounded heart-shaped, the ventral edge much arcuated, with strong concentric strise, rayed with rich brown and white ; lunule and lozenge dark brown, the latter sub-cordiform oval, ill-defined : inside white, with a livid brown stain on each muscular scar and beneath the beaks. 1. — Indian Seas? C. Immaculata. Lam. 42. Rounded heart-shaped, anterior end the shorter and more tumid, white within and without, and striated transversely ; lunule somewhat heart shaped. 1|. — Bears some resemblance to List. t. 263./. 99. (TF. t. 6./. 11)^ C. Pellucida. Lam. 43. Oval, thin, pellucid, white with transverse fulvous letter-like lines ; beaks rufous and obhquely in- flected : a violet spot at the base of its lunule. If, — Neni Holland. C. Hepatica. Lam. 44. — Del.t.9.f.8. Obliquely rounded, inequilateral, delicately striated transversely, and marked longitu- dinally with minute lineoles : whitish within and without, with livid violet stains : lunule almost obsolete. ^. — South Seas. C. LuciNALis. Lam. 45. — Del. t. 9. J'. 2. Lenticular, sub- equilateral, inflected with a longitudinal groove on the anterior side, with raised concentric striae and minute uninterrupted longi- tudinal lineoles, very pale violet and rufous at the beaks : lunule defined by an impressed line : livid within. 1-^. C. LuNARis. Lam. 46. —Venus Lupinus. DoU. 2. t. 21. y. 8. — Payr. Cat. no. 80. Sub-orbicular, oblique, white, with con- centric transverse striiE ; beaks stained with purple ; lunule heart- shaped -fti, — Gulf of Tarrentum.'^ ^ We have not recognized this species, but give a copy of the shell said by Lamarc to resemble it. , * Philippi considers this as a variety of Lincta. 102 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. C. Lactea. Lavi. 47. Very small, rounded, oblique, pellucid, whitish stained with purple at the beaks. ^. C. Exoleta.* ia?M. 48. -Venus E. im. 1134.— D. p. 195. W. U 8. /: 83.— Z>o?i. f.42. f. \.—E. t. 27^. f. 5.—BL t. 74. f. 2. — Cli.f. 404.— B. t. 5./. 9.— List. 291./. 127. ^' t. 292. f. 128. Orbicular, sub-equilateral and depressed, whitish with more or less distinct rufous spots stains or rays, and sharply striated trans- versely ; lunule heart-shaped, sunken, and sub-lamellar : ligament concealed. Diam. If. — Mediterranean and At lafitic. — {A coarser ahell tlian C. Linda.) C. LiNCTA.* Lam. 49. — Venus Lupinus. Lin, ed. 10. p. 689. — V. Exoleta Junior. D. p. 19G. — C. Sinuata. Turt. B. t. 10./. \Q.—List. t. 289./. 12.5. ^' t. 290. f. 126. Sub-orbicular, oblique, inequilateral, the anterior side oblique less rounded and larger than the posterior, glossy white, most elegantly and closely striated transversely ; beaks prominent : the ligament concealed. Diam. Ij. — England, fc. C CoNCENTRicA. Z,am,. 50. — Venus C. Gmel. 3286. — I). p. 196— List. t. 288./. 124.— CA./. 392.— E.t. 279./. 2.-W. t, 8. /. 84. Orbicular, rather depressed, white, glossy, with crowded equal concentric striae : lunule heart-shaped smooth and excavated ; cardinal cleft lanceolate. Diam. 2^. — W. Indies. — Flatter, hut not unlike Exoleta. C. Prostrata. Lam.bl. — Venus P. Lin.\\33. — Z>.;;. 192. —B. t. 5./ C}.— Ch.f. 29^.— E. t. 277. f. \.—W. t. 8./ 77. Orbicular, depressed, whitish or fulvous, with transverse striae, which become more elevated and membranaceous at the extremities ; edge of the anterior slope dentated : lunule sunken and heart-shaped. Diam. If — Indian Ocean. ^ C, Umbonella. Lam. 55. Heart-shaped, tumid, inequilateral, purplish near the beaks, whitish towards the margin, anterior side smooth, posterior transversely grooved : umbones tumid and tessel- lated ; lunule roundish, heart-shaped, and excavated : within white with a violet spot on the anterior side. 3. — Red Sea? C. ScRiPTA. Lam. 57. — Venus S. Lin. 1135. — -D. p. 201. — Ch.f. 420. to 425.— E. t. 274. /. 1.— 7F. t. 8./. 97- Lenticu- lar, flat, with the slopes truncated and forming a rectangle at the umbo, transversely grooved and compressed at the beaks ; variable in colouring, usually liver-brown, with white markings, or white with reddish brown or liver-colour spots rays bands or zig-zag stripes ; depressions brown, linear; ligament visible — Variety. (Unda- tina. Lam. 56.) Smaller, not quite so flat, the ligament con- 1 "C. Interrupta. Lam. 51. — Tigerina. 52. and Punctata. 53. belong to Lucina." Deshai/es, TRIBE CONCHACEA. 103 cealed, aud the markings consisting of waved ferruginous lines 1 ^ , . 1 f . — Indian Ocean. C. DisPAR. Desk. — Venus D. D. p. 199. Oval not con- vex, with the anterior extremity more or less obliquely ribbed, and the space not thus occupied transversely striated : lunule more or less lanceolate and brown. 1^. — Variety. A. (Muscaria. Lam. 59. — Ch. f. 1981, 2.) Whitish with scattered rufous spots, and the anterior slope lettered.^ — Variety. B. (Pulicaris. Lam. 60. Del. t. 9.y. .5.) With scattered rufous spots, or white mottled with purple and chesnut. — Variety. C. (Mixta. Lam. 61. — E. t. 27\.f. 2.) Bluish white, with chesnut spots. C. Abbreviata. Lam. 62. — Del. t. 9. f. 1. Obovate and retuse at the anterior end, on a whitish ground covered with red linear forked markings, some of which are barred transversely so as to resemble letters, with numerous transverse striae, and a few oblique longitudinal ones, which diverge anteriorly within, with a dark brown spot under the beaks, 1. — Indian Ocean. C. HisTRio. Gray Ann. Phil. 25.— Venus H. Gmel. 3287. —D.p. 197.— TF. t. 8./. 86.— <7A. /. 407.—^. t. 280. /. 1. Suborbicular, with raised acute transverse slightly reflected striae, white mottled and rayed with brown, and striped with chesnut on the anterior slope, of which the depression is obsolete : lunule cordiform, impressed and ferruginous. 1^. — E. Indies. C. Excisa.— Venus. E. Chem.f. 400, I.— D.p. 195.— 7F. t. 8. y. 82. Suborbicular, longer than broad, inequilateral, very con- vex, pure white, with crowded raised transverse rib-like striae ; liga- mental edge very sloping, ligament sunken ; beaks much incurved ; lunule large, indistinct, and ovate-cordiform : inside white, the margin entire. — 1*.. 1^. — Tranquebar. C. Sulcata. — Circe S. Gray in Analyst, 1838. Cordate, trigonal, rather compressed, solid, yellowish brown, with two or three brown rays not reaching the umbo, finely radiately striated, and with close blunt regular concentric ridges, crossed by some ob- scure curved grooves on the ends ; lunule lanceolate, lineated with brown ; inside rosy white. Somewhat like Scripta, h%it rather more convex, striated, aiid the umbo regular and not flattened. C. Crocea. — Circe C. Gray in Analyst, 1838. Cordate, roundish, rather convex, slightly concentrically grooved, yellow, with obscure brown lines on the anterior side ; inside yellow, no syphonal inflection. C. Planata. — Circe P. Gray in Ayialyst, 1838. Oblong, sub-quadrate, rather narrower posteriorly, browner and more rounded anteriorly. Compressed, thin, pellucid white, smoothish, very finely and closely striated concentrically : inside white ; no syphonal inflection. C. Lamarkii. — Chione L. Gray in Analyst, 1838. Oblong, 104 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. subcordate, rather thick, solid, smooth, pale brown, with unequal white rays ; anterior slope punctulate : luuule lanceolate, purple brown ; inside white, the margin purplish : posterior lateral tooth short, conical, close. 2j. C. Apicalis. — Chione A. Gray in Anahjst, 1838. Oblong, subcordate, rather thick, solid, smooth, yellowish white, with a few arrow-shaped pale brown spots above. Umboues reddish brown : inside white. C. BicoLOR. — Trigona B. Gray in Analyst, \^ZS. Triangu- lar, equilateral, rather compressed, whitish or pale fawn-coloured, pelhicid : slopes flattened, the interior stained internally with purple, ventral edge scarcely arcuated ; lunule large, well-defined, lan- ceolate ; inside flesh-coloured teeth as in Planulata. ^ . • 1 . — Africa. C. PuLCHRA. Gray inW. S.t.2.f.\^. Ovate heart-shaped, moderately convex, thickish, posteriorly grooved ; polished, variable in colouring, usually pale buff with hvid fawn-coloured rays and marblings : anterior slope with dark chestnut transverse waved lines : lunule elongated heart-shaped : inside stained with purple, margin entire. 1 . 1^. — S. Seas. C. LuBRiCA Brod. Z. P. 1835. Rounded heart-shaped, glossy, rather violet, anteriorly with obtusely concentric sub-elevated lines, which are small and close at the umbones, but wider and more distant as they recede* inside white. If . . 1 J^. — C. America. C. Rosea. Brod. and Sow. Z. J. 4. — Beechey. Zool. t. 43. /. 7. Obliquely cordate, subcorapressed, purplish-rosy, concentrically grooved, posteriorly with distant lamellae, anteriorly with very short broadish spines ; inside white. Ito ■ • ^tV- — Pacific. — Bears much resemblance to a spineless Dione ; usually with a rvhite ray on each slope. C. ToRTUosA. Brod. Z. P. 1835. Obliquely heart-shaped, anteriorly somewhat lobed, white slightly tinged with chestnut towards the umbones, with numerous blunt and coarse anteriorly irregular concentric lines. \^ .. l^.— Panama. — Variety. Ele- gantly and sub-radiatingly painted with rufous and rose-colour. C. Squalida. Sold. Z. P. 1835. Ovate subcordate, thickish, smooth, pale brown, with sometimes irregular darker spots ; epi- dermis browai : anterior side the longer and subacurainated near the ventral portion. — Variety. With two rays. (Biradiata. Soro. ill B.echey. Z t. 43. f. 5.) 2 . . 2/^.— TF. Columbia.— Not unlike Maculosa. C. HiEROGLYPHiCA. Conr. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. 7. p. 253. t. 19../". 22. Sub -triangular, with concentric striae distinct only at the margins ; (white, often with brown triangular spots;) an- teriorly longer, sub-cuneiform and rounded at the extremity : luuule cordate, defined by an impressed line. I5. — Sandivich Isles. TRIBE CONCHACEA. 105 C. VuLNERATA. Bt'od. Z. P. 1835. Sub-globular, with very uumerous smooth concentric lines, whitish, with here and there purple-red narrow bands ; lunide and anterior area blackish-purple, ventral margin red, sub crenulated within ; epidermis brownish ; inside white suffused with pink. 1|- • • If. — C. America. C. Pannosa. Sow. Z. P. 1835. Obovate, thickish, smooth, whitish, obscurely painted with lurid spots, streaks, or angular lines : apices rather prominent. -^^^ . . I-^q- — Chili. C. Unicolor. So70. Z. p. 1835. Ovate, sub-cordiform, thickish, brownish, smooth and polished, but the sides concentri- cally grooved ; anterior side the longer, sub-acuminated towards the ventral edge, which is smooth ; purplish within. — Varieti/. Larger and whitish, l-ro • • W%- — ^' America. C. Argentina. Sam. Z. P. 1835. Sub triangular, white, smooth, sub-equilateral, posterior side rather shorter, anterior sub- acuminated ; anterior dorsal edge straightish, sloping ; ventral margin rounded : epidermis thin, silvery-white, horny, velvety without. 2^Q..2h' — C Aynerica. C CoNVEXA. Say. Journ. A. N. S. Phil. 4. t. 12. /. 3.— GovM Jllas. p.SA.f. 49.~-List. f. 273. /. 109. ? Oval, sub- cordate, inequilateral, thinnish, chalky-white, very convex, rounded at the sides, marked with coarse lines of growth : ligament long and somewhat sunken : beaks prominent and recurved ; lunule distinct, cordate: inside polished, milk white. 1J..]|. — iV. America. C. Prora. Co7ir. Journ. A. N. S. Phil. 7. p. 253. t. 19. /. 18. Inflated, polished, wbite, ovate-subcordate ; posterior side short, sub-cuneiform, and sharply angulated at the extremity, which is much elevated, its dorsal edge straight or slightly concave • ventral edge well rounded ; lunule very slightly impressed, bounded by a broad indistinct carina. If. -Pacijic. C. Floridella. — Chione F. Grat/ in Aiiali/st. \838. Ovate- sub -cuneiform, depressed, much produced and attenuated anteriorly, the ligamental edge sloping in almost a straight line to the antei'ior extremity : posteriorly short and rounded ; ventral edge arcuated : smooth (except on the anterior slope, which is concentrically grooved,) polished, buff or drab, with more or less numerous and distinct lighter rays interrupted by dark angulated or dotted markings : lunule lanceolate ; inside orange, margin entire ; anterior tooth rudimentary, f . . 14. — Senegal. C Planulata. Prod, and Sow. Z. J. 5. 77.48. — Beechey. Zool. t. 43. /. &.— Reeve, t. 69./. 2.— Sow. G.f. 2. Triangular, rather depressed, sub-equilateral, tliebase and lower angles rounded, pale yellowish, with many diverging fuscous rays: inside white varied with brownish violet, anterior tooth so remote as almost to appear a lateral one. — Variety. More equilateral, rather more 106 TESTACEOUS MOLLTJSCA. gibbose, closed posteriorly, the rays spread all over the shell. ^7__ . . \^^,—3Iazatlan. C. Radiata. Sow. Z. P. 1835. Sub-triangular, sub-equi- lateral, gibbous, rather pale, rayed and waved with brown, smooth, covered with a more or less thick horn-Hke epidermis ; the sides rounded towards the straightish ventral margin ; no heart-shaped lunule; four cardinal teeth. 2 . . 2|-. — W. Columbia. — Very like Planulata, but the rays are composed of angulated markings. C. Crassalelloides. — Trigona. C. Conrad. Journ. A. N. S. Phil. 7. p- 253. t. 19. f. 17. Equilateral, triangular, transverse, thick, convex, depressed, whitish (often rayed with brown), lunule undefined ; anterior extremity truncated ; ligament short, very broad, and elevated ; apex very prominent, beaks not oblique ; cardinal teeth veiy thick and prominent, anterior tooth elongated and thick, the sinus of the palleal scar angular. 7. — California. C. Stultorum. — Trigona S. Gray in Analyst. 1838. — DoNAX S. W. S. t. 2.f. 2. Sub-triangular, oval, equilateral, con- vex, rather thick, smooth, glossy, rounded at the sides, ventral edge slightly arcuated ; variable in colouring, sometimes with a single central short white ray on a very pale livid ground, sometimes with broader or narrower livid rays on whitish ground : anterior slope livid : inside white, the lateral and posterior teeth connected. 1 . , 1|, — Indian Seas ? S. America ? C. CosTATA.— Venus C. Chem7iitz f. 1975.— TT. t. 7. / 39. — D. p. 175. — Young. — C. Erycinella. Lam. Oval, sub- cordate, white, with pale livid rays under a yellowish periostraca, thick, strong, glossy, with transverse broad well raised rather shelving ribs, which are flat above and about twice the breadth of the interstices : lunule elongated, heart-shaped, smooth, and as well as the anterior slope white lineated with livid red : anterior edge obtuse : inside uniform white. 1|^ . . 2,\ — Pacific ? — Closely allied to Erycina but more oval, its ribs distinct and its margin never as in that species stained with orange. C. KiNGii.'— Venus K. Gray inW. S.f. 9. Ovate, sub-cor- 1 An orbicular and usually colourless group seems, with justice, to have been dissevered by Gray, Sowerby, &c. from the genus we have been describing. ARTEMIS.-PoLi. Orbictdar, edge entire; posterior tooth of the left valve rudimen- tary ; syphonal infiection angular, ascending, acute. The following species are described by Mr Gray in his valuable paper on the Cythereanse, in the Analyst for 1838. A. Ponderosa. Gray. Orbicular, rather convex, very thick. TRIBE CONCHACEA. 107 date, thick, posteriorly shorter, concentrically sub-striated, white, with the grouped linear rays and the anterior slope tawny-clies- nut : no lunule : inside uniform white. 1|. — South Seas. C. Damaoides. — Venus D. Gray in W. S. f. 17. Sub- triangular, convex, thickish ; anteriorly rather shorter and obtusely angulated at the ventral edge ; posteriorly broader and rounded ; ventral edge very convex ; under a pale drab epidermis, white, with rather broad tawny-chesnut rays : lunule indistinct, lanceo- late : inside uniform white, in one valve three cardinal and a sub- lateral tooth, two cardinal in the other. 1^, — ^. Indies. ** Inner marrjin creniilated or toothed. C. Pectinata. Zam. 63.— Venus p. Lin. 1135.— TF. t. 8. /. 90.— V. DiscoRs. D. p. 199.— Bl. t. 74. f. 4.—JS. t. 271./. I.— List. t. 312./. 148. — Ch. f. 418. Ovate, mottled with white solid, heavy : smooth, covered with a pale yellowish periostraca ; umbones and extremities concentrically grooved : disc opaque white : hinge margin very thick ; posterior tooth rudimentary ; lunule deep, short. — Xi^e Concentrica, but heavier, larger, and less grooved. A. TuMiDA. Gray. Sub-orbicular, convex, solid, rather pel- lucid, white, with close fine regular concentric ridges, the alternate ones becoming somewhat broader on the anterior side : lunule short, cordate ; anterior slope rather short, slightly curved. A. Bruguieri. Gray. — U. t. 277. f. 1- Sub-orbicular, com- pressed, thin, white, with rather close concentric ridges, the alter- nate ones ending before they reach the anterior slope, the front and hinder ends of the larger ones laminar, and forming teeth-like processes on the edge of the anterior slope : lunule small, cordate. A. BiLUNULATA. Gray. Sub- orbicular, compressed, pale whitish, with obscure brown rays and close regular concentric ridges, which are slightly elevated at each end, and form a series of small teeth on the edge of the anterior slope, and others on the edge of a large lanceolate lunule-like smooth space surrounding the small and cordate lunule. A. Africana. Gray. Orbicular, rather convex, thin, brownish- white, rather pellucid, with regular close very fine concentric grooves: lunule short and cordate ; inside brownish or pale rose-coloured, polished. — Variety. Thinner, neai"ly smooth, striae very fine. -fg. — Senegal, (^-c. Those who may adopt Artemis as a genus, and not merely as a section of Cytherea, must add to these the C. Excisa, Concentrica, Exoleta, Linota, Lunaris, Histrio, Juvenilis, Prostrata, &c., of our catalogue. 108 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. and reddish-brown, with numerous nodulous ribs, the central being longitudinal, the lateral oblique, curved, and forked : lunule ovate. 1|. — Indian Ocean. C. GiBBiA. Lam. 64, — Venus Pectinata. D. p. 198. — Ch.f. 4\o.— List. t. 313. {yoimg).—E. t. 271./. A.—W. t. 8./. 91. Somewhat heart-shaped, obovate, in age extremely gibbous, white, rarely spotted, with thick and crenated longitudinal ribs, which diminish in size as they approach the posterior end and diverge on the anterior slope. — Variety. (^Ch.f. 416.) Spotted with chesnut and lineated, and somewhat tinged with violet on the anterior slope. 2. — Indian Ocean. C. Ranella. Lam. 65. — E. t. 271. ./. 5.? Roundish-ovate, depressed, white, spotted with reddish-brown on the anterior slope, and marked with longitudinal thickish crenated furrows : both de- pressions narrow and coloured, the posterior violet and oblong. — (" The museum specimen referred to by Lamarck is the young of Gibbia, — ought not this species to be suppressed ?" — Deshayes.) C. DivARiCATA. Lam. 66.— Venus D. Lin. 3277. — T> p. 200.— Ch.f. 3\6.—List. t. 310. f 146.— E. t. 271. f 5.—W. t. 8. f. 94. Rounded heart-shaped, rather convex, whitish, with angular brown or fulvous spots and markings ; with depressed nar- row longitudinal ribs, obliquely divaricating from the centre, and disappearing posteriorly where the transverse strias commence. — Variety. (C Testudinalis. Lam. 67.— E. t. 274. /'. 2.) More flattened, brownish rufous with indistinct rays : anterior slope narrow and mottled. 2. — Indian Ocean. C. Equivoca. C/. p. 188.— V. CoRBis. Lam. A.~Ch.f. 382, 3. —E. t. 276./. A.— List. t. 33.5. f. 172. Heart-shaped, slightly rounded, tumid, white, with pale chesnut or brownish spots often disposed in rays, and concentric rather depressed, somewhat granular ridges which are decussated by longitudinal raised ribs ; the profound and wrinkled lunule defined by a groove ; white within, with the margin indistinctly crenulated and the hinge saffron-coloured or stained with rose. 2 . . 21. — Indian Ocean. V. Crenulata. Lam. 5.—D. p. 189.— IF. t. 8. f. G8.— V. Crenata. Ginel. 3279.-Ch. f. 385. Heart-shaped, with transverse moderately elevated membranaceous ridges, which are crenulated by indistinct longitudinal striae, whitish with tawny spots disposed in rays, and the lunule brown and widely heart- shaped ; uniform white within and the posterior margin strongly crenulated. 1 1. — India. V. Reflexa. Mont. sup. p. 40. and \68.—Turt. B. t. 10. f. 1, 2. —V. DisciNA. Lam.6.—Phil. p. 42.— Bl. t. 75./. 6.— V. Ruste- Rucci. Payr. f. 26, 7, 8. Rounded obovate, sub-cordate, com- pressed, anterior slope excavated, very pale flesh-colour with obsolete red spots forming indistinct rays ; concentric ridges posteriorly rather depressed, rising into thin waved and deflected plates an- teriorly : lunule elongated heart-shaped, wrinkled. \f. — Europe. V. Verrucosa.* Lin. 1130.— D. p. 163. — Lam. 7.— Ch.f. TRIBE CQNCHACEA. HI 299, 300. —List. t. 284./. \22— Bon. t. 44,— B. t. 4.f. 7. — W. t. 7 f. 12. Rounded heart-shaped, tumid, whitish often tinged with red, strong, with coarse transverse ribs which become warty at the extremities, and indistinct longitudinal strise which are usually apparent at the umbones ; anterior slope more or less spotted on one side : lunule heart-shaped and wrinkled : white witliin. Di- ameter If. — Europe.^ V. RuGOSA. Gmel. 3276. — Lam. 8. — V. Dysera. vnr. j3. Lin. 1 130.— V. RiGiDA. D. p. 164.— Ch. f. 2,03.— E. t. 2/3. /. 4.— List. t. 286./. 123.— TF. t. 7. /. 13. Rounded heart-shaped, very ventricose, with numerous transverse thin entire membranaceous ridges, whitish, irregularly stained with spots or short angulated streaks of pale brown ; anterior slope in one valve glabrous, lunule heart-shaped but very short and broad : within uniform white, with the rudiments of a fourth tooth and its receptacle. 2^. — Indian Seas. V. Casina.* Lin. 1130.— D. p. \65.—Lam.9.— Ch.f. 301,2. — W. t. 7./. 14.— Don. t. \49.— Turt. B. t. 3./. 1. Rounded heart-shaped, slightly compressed, whitish or very pale fulvous, becoming reddish at the beaks, and on the posterior side whose depression is elongated heart-shaped ; marked with thin unequal transverse entire ridges which curve towards the beaks ; white within. Diameter 2. — Europe. V. Crebrisulca. Lnm. 10. — E. t. 276. /. 1. Rounded heart-shaped, whitish with rufous spots and numerous transverse obtuse ribs, which are almost elevated into ridges on the anterior side ; lunule oblong heart-shaped, almost lamellar, rufous with a small white spot at its base ; the anterior slope is sunken, linear, margined with unequal tubercles, and often lettered on one side. 1|. — Indian Ocean.^ V. Plicata. Gmel. 3276.— D. p. 162.— iam. 11.— TF. t. 7. f. 9.—Ch.f. 295, 6, 7.—E. t. 275. f. 3.— Reeve, t. 68./ 6. Some- what heart-shaped, angulated towards the anterior end, rather IV. SuBCORDATA. Mont. t. 3./ \.—W.t.7.f. 16. The copy we have made fi-om this figure much resembles the young of Verrucosa. We have not, however, seen authenticated specimens. 2 A species bearijig some slight resemblance to this shell, but a specimen of which we have not been fortunate enough to procure, (a copy of Chemnitz's fi,gure is given,) is the V. Cincta. Ch. f. 387.— D. p. 190.— TF. t. 8. f. 70. Triangular heart-shaped, ventricose, with broad transverse ribs and the interstices crenulated, white variegated with reddish-brown angulated spots ; lunule cor- diform : inside white stained with purple under the umbones, margin crenulated. 112 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. compressed, pale pink or flesh-colour, with distant transverse smooth ridges : depressions reddish : anterior slope glabrous and sunken, lunule heart-shaped. 2f. — Indian Ocean. — Senegal? V. Cancelt>ata.* Zam. 12. — Reeve, t. 68. f. 2. — V. Cingenda. D.p. 161.— Tr. t. l.f. (5—Ch. f. 287, 8, 9.—^. t. 268./. 1.— Turt. Div. t. 10./. 3. Heart-shaped, with rather distant trans- verse crenulated membranaceous ridges and raised longitudinal rib-like striae in their interstices ; whitish usually tinged with brown or flesh-colour, spotted or indistinctly rayed with dark brown ; lunule dark brown and heart-shaped ; anterior slope in one of the valves smooth, brown or striped with brown. 1. — W, Indies. V. SuBROSTRATA. Lam. 13. — An. Reeve, t. 68./ 4.? Heart- shaped, broader than the last, shghtly beaked anteriorly, cancels lated by longitudinal striae, and numerous transverse regular equi- distant fine ridges, whitish with rufous or dark spots disposed in rays; lunule heart-shaped: white within. 1^. — W. Indies? E. Indies 1 — Closely allied to Cancellata. V. Fasciata.* Donovan, t. 170.— D. p. 159.— CA. / 277, 8. E. t. 276. f. 2. — W. t. l.f. 3. Rounded heart-shaped, de- pressed, with smooth thick transverse flattened ribs of nearly uni- form thickness throughout, white with chesnut spots disposed in three rays, entirely reddish -brown, or yellowish either with or with- out three reddish-brown or many red rays ; beaks prominent, lunule ovate, sunken, and very delicately striated ; ci'enations of the margin very fine. Diameter I. — Eurcpe, Mediterranean. V. Paphia. Lin. 1129.— -D. p. 159.— TF. t. 7. / 2.—Ch. / 274, 5, 6.—E. t. 275./ 'a.— Reeve, t. 68./. 1. Triangular heart- shaped, thick, solid, white covered with small rufous zigzag lines, with thick broad transverse I'ibs which become suddenly narrower on the anterior side ; lunule ovate heart-shaped, sunken, finely striated, and either red or with lettered markings : margin very finely toothed. Diameter \\. — W. Indies. V. Thiara. D. p. [62.— Ch. f. 279, 280— Gualt. t. 88. D. —E. t. 275./ 4.— Reeve, t. 67. f. 3.—W. t. 7 . f- 8. Triangular ovate, somewhat heart-shaped, depressed, white with usually three reddish -violet rays, with a few distant much elevated transverse membranaceous ridges, which become larger as they approach the anterior side, where they assume the appearance of large scales surrounding the anterior slope : lunule heart-shaped and sunken ; within with a violet posterior stain and the margin finely crenated. 1-1. . \\. — E. Indies. V. Yatei. Gray in Yates, N. Z. Ovate, rather truncated anteriorly, solid, brown, with rather distant thin concentric laminae, which are higher behind and before, and waved : hinder slope depressed, lozenge-shaped : lunule laminar. — New Zealand. — Like TRIBE CONCHACEA. 113 V. Plicata, hut rather shorter, the conceyitric 'plateshiglier, waved and torn at the edge. V. Lamarckii. Gray in B. 31. — V. Subrostrata. Reeve. t. 68. /. 4. {not Lam.)—W. S. t. 2. f. 7.— V. Cancellata. Chem. f. 306, 7. (not Lam.)^E. t. 267. /. 7. Oval-cordate, ventricose, anterior edge narrowed and obtusely sub-truncated at the extremity, ventral edge well arcuated ; strong, white, with (usually) about three interrupted chesnut rays, and regular, close, and acute lamellae, which, as well as the interstices, are traversed by close-set radiating riblets : lunule brown, cordiforra, and marked with radiat- ing sulci: inside pale scarlet. 1 . . lA. — Red Sea. — Teeth nearly those of a Cytherea. V. Gnidia. Brod. 4" Som. Z. J. 4. — Beechey. Zool. ^ 41. f. 3.— Reeve, t. 68. f. 5— Del. t. 19./. 1. Equivalve, subven- tricose, reddish fawn coloured but usually paler, with distant concentric muricated ridges which posteriorly are more spinous : radiating striae in pairs, a narrower one intervening : inside white, the margin finely crenated. l-^o- . 2|-. — Pacific. Y. Dysera. ' Ckem. f. 291, 2.— An Lin. 1130?— Z>./;. 161. — Knorr. 4. t. 24. /. 3 — W. t. 7. /. 7. Rounded heart-shaped, convex, beaks greatly curved, whitish, with distant thin concentric lamellae ; anterior slope shelving inwards and excavated ; poste- riorly with a slight flexuosity: lunule heart-shaped: inside with a brown stain adjoining the anterior muscular scar, the margin crenulated. 1. 1. — Indian Seas? V. Berryii. Gray in W. S. t. 2.f. 2. Very obliquely heart- shaped, very inequilateral, dark flesh colour with white concentric rather distant narrow lamellae, which become obsolete anteriorly ; anterior slope concave, white, smooth, sharp-edged ; lunule lan- ceolate : inside stained with purple except on the disc, margin very finely crenulated. 3^ . . 1. V. Nuttallii. Co?ir. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. 7. p. 250. t. 19. f. 15. Ti-iangular, equilateral, thick, white, convex depressed, with radiating flattened ribs, an alternating line in the interstices, and about fourteen remote reflected concentric libs ; teeth large and thick, inside with an anterior purple spot. 2. — California. V. Neglecta. So7v. in Beechey. Zool. p. 151. i^. 41. y. 8. Lenticular, nearly circular, with strong radiating striae, and elevated concentric ridges, posterior side shorter than the anterior which is rather sloped ; dorsal edge with an elevated ridge, at which the concentric ribs (which are crenulated beneath) begin, within which is a broadish sloping somewhat smooth area ; brownish white with angular dark brown marks and spots : inside white varied with purple particularly anteriorly. 1^. — C America. V. Ornatissima. Brod. Z. P. 1835. Subglobular, with numerous radiating ribs, which are depressed in the middle towards 1 114 TESTACEOUS MOLLVSCA. the ventral edge, and crisply plaited much raised concentric frill- like lamellae ; very pale chesnut. If . . 1|^. — Panama. V. Californiensis. Brod. Z. P. 1835. Globose, thick, whitish, with numerous concentric thickish and laterally subcre- nulated ridges, cancellated by numerous ribs towards the beaks but approximate ventrally, anterior area sunken and large ; lunule large and tumid ; inside white, the anterior scars stained with violet. 2/^ . . 2^^.— California. Section B. — No lamellar strics. V. Gkanulata.* Gmel Z277.—D. p. 1/1.— TF. t. 7. f. 29.— Lam. \A. — Turt. B. p. 145.— C/t. /. 313.— List. t. 338. f. 175. —E. t. 272. f. 3.— Don. t. 83. -V. Violacea. 6^me/. 3288. Roundish heart-shaped, with longitudinal grooves decussated by raised transverse striae, whitish with spotted rays and streaks of purplish brown and the anterior slope lettered ; lunule heart-shaped and usually darker : spotted with violet within, especially on the anterior side. — Variety — Yellowish and spotted. — Diam. |-. — TF. Indies. — Exterior not unlike the common cockle. V. Pectorina. Lam. 15. — Del. t. 10. f. 11. — V. Elegans. TF. S. t. 2.f. 3. Ovate, heart-shaped, with longitudinal radiating narrow ribs decussated by transverse striae, white or pale fulvous with brown letter-like markings on the anterior slope only ; lunule large heart-shaped and not coloured : white and not spotted within. 1-|. — America ? V. Marica. Lin. 1130.— J>. p. 160.— Zaw. 16— CA. /. 282, 3, A.—E. t. 275. /. 2.—W. t. 7. /. 5. Somewhat heart- shaped, obliquely convex, decussated by longitudinal and trans- verse striae, and laminated at the margin of the anterior slope : lunule oblong heart-shaped : whitish with brown spots. 1 . . \^. — American Seas? — Timor? — Not so tumid as Granvlata. V. Cingulata. Lam. 17. — V. Crenata. var. B. Gmel. 3280.— C/i. /. 386 ?— TF. t. 8. f. 69 ? Heart-shaped, very con- vex, girt with transverse crenulated rings and very delicate inter- mediate transverse striae : white with brown spots disposed in rays : lunule heart-shaped : white within. 1^. V. Cardioides. Lam. 18. — E. t. 274. f. 3. — V. Asperrima. Sow. in Z. P. Rounded, triangular, whitish or fulvous, and rarely spotted ; with radiating grooves crossed by transverse slender striae : lunule oblong and colourless. 1^. — Variety with reddish brown letter-like markings. — Cayenne and Jamaica. V. Grisea. Lam. 19. — Ovate, transverse, grey spotted inter- nally with violet, decussated, the longitudinal grooves being the more prominent: lunule oval. 1. — Not unlike V. Decussata. V. Elliptica. Lam. 20. — E. t. 267./. 5. Elliptic, subequi- TRIBE CONCHACEA. 1 lo lateral, uniformly whitish, with crowded transverse grooves : lunule, lanceolate. 1^. V. DoMBEi. Lam. 21. Rounded ovate, thick, rufous, with flattened ribs decussated by transverse strise, and the lunule ovate ; white within with very irregularly impressed dots towards the centre. 1|. — Peru — Bears a strong resemblance to C. Punctata, but besides the difference of hinge and colouring, is less rounded and more tumid. V. Mercenaria. Lin. 1131.— Z>. j». 1 7 6. —Lam. 22. Ch. f. 1659, 60.— E. t. 263.— W. f. 1. f. 40. Obliquely heart-shaped, soUd, with rough irregular concentric striae, straw colour ; lunule heart-shaped : interior white with a large violet stain chiefly visible on the anterior side. 2f . . Sg. — N. America. V. Lagopus. Lam. 23. Triangular heart-shaped, white with fulvous spots and stained with rose color within ; with raised transverse crowded ribs which are crenulated on the side nearest the ventral margin, and almost become ridges at the anterior extremity. If. — New Holland. V. Gallina.* Lin. 1130.— 1>. p. \6S.—Lam. 2A.—W. t. 7 . f. 23.-~Turf. B. p. 149. t. 9. f. 2.— Ch. f. 308. ^List. t. 282. f. 120. — V. Striatula. Bon. t. 68. Triangular heart-shaped, with numerous glossy sloping transverse ridges, which seem cre- nulated from being crossed by crowded fine rufous lines ; whitish or pale brown with more or less distinct darker rays, the beaks much recurved, and the slopes nearly smooth. 1 . . \^. — N. Europe. V. Gallinula. Lam. 25. — Bel. t. 10. f. 1. — V. Costulata. W. S. t. 2.f. 15. Elliptic, heart-shaped, moderately convex, with short longitudinal interrupted rufous lines (sometimes obsolete rays), and transverse elevated sloping grooves, which become striae at the anterior end, whose slope is rather short and somewhat linear : lunule ovate : interior stained with purplish violet. 1^. — Nem Holland. — Closely resembling Gallina. V. Pectinula. Lam. 26. — Bel. t. \0.f. 3. Rounded trian- gular, pale fulvous with longitudinal crenated radiating grooves : lunule ovate : Cherbourg, — not wilike the shell figured in Lin. Tr. vol. 8. t. 2. f. 5.1 V. Squamosa. Xm. 1133.— £>. p. 190.— TF. t. 8. f. 71.— Cytherea S. Lam. 75. — Ch. f. 335. Triangular heart-shaped, ventricose but compressed at the produced and beaked anterior extremity the slope of which is striated ; reddish white variegated with darker lines on the posterior slope and marked with longitudinal grooves which are cancellated by concentric ones : lunule rounded 1 V. Sulcata. Lam. 27. is a Crassina. I 2 116 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. and browniah. f . . 1^. — Indian Seas. — Amhoyna? — Hinge simi' lar to V. Flexuosa. V. Flexuosa. Lin. \131.—D.p. 172.— Ch. f. 333, A.—W. t. 7.f. 32.— E. f. 266. /. 6, 7. §- 1. 267. f. l.—Bl. t. 75./. 5.— Cytherea F. Lam. 72. Triangular heart-shaped ovate ; an- teriorly produced, attenuated and rather beaked with a fold which produces a slight sinuation of the ventral margin and bounds the concave slope : whitish reddish or greyish with transverse forked ribs : inside uniform white : both depressions lettered and im- pressed, the posterior one elongated-heart-shaped, the other lan- ceolate : hinge with three very divergent teeth, the anterior one almost lateral. 1 ^. — Indian Seas ? V. Macrodon. J9es/«.— Cytherea M. Lam. 73. Del. t. 9.f. 3. — Gaul. t. 83. I. Shape and sculpture of the last, but less beaked : yellowish, unspotted, with the anterior slope livid violet and the forked transverse ribs obsolete on the disc ; inside violet brown anteriorly, anal tooth very large. 1. — South Seas. V. Sinensis. Chem. f. 1663.— Gmel. 3285.— D. p. 192.— W. t. 8. f. 76. — Cyprina Tenuistria. Lam. 6. Rounded ovate, rather longer than broad, thick, nearly smooth and fulvous at the beaks which are incurved and sometimes slightly eroded, becoming paler and finally slightly violet at the margin, where also its concentric striae, which are crossed by obsolete longitudinal striae become larger and more prominent : no lunule ; whitish within with the margin crenated and usually stained with violet : hinge with three teeth in each valve of which one is cleft and one narrower than the rest. 1^ . , 2. — China. V. Recens. D.p. \82.—Ch.f. \979.—W.t. 7.f.54. Ovate triangular, shghtly heart-shaped ; ashy white with three brown more or less broad and distinct rays and numerous minute pale reddish dots ; beaks reflected ; lunule ovate, impressed and striated : marginal crenulations very fine ; curvature of the palleal scar small narrow and very acute. 1^ . . If. V. Ovata.* Pennant. 4. t.l6.f. 56.— D. p. 171.— Lam. 87. —W. t. 7. f. 30.— Lin. Tr. 8. t. 2. f. 4.— Mont. p. \20.—Turt. B. 2^. 151. t. 9. _/. 3. Triangular-ovate, brownish white, mode- rately convex, subequilateral, the acute beaks rather nearer to the somewhat angulated and flattened anterior slope ; with longitudinal grooves rendered scaly by the transverse striae : impressions obso- lete. -| . . -f. — British Channel. V. SuBRUGOsA. Sow. G.f. 2.—Reeve. t. 67. f. 2.—W. S. t. 2.f. 6. Ovate subcordiform, very convex, thick, the ventral edge much arcuated ; pale with three or four broad chocolate-coloured rays, and moderately distant coarse smooth and rdunded transverse ribs, which become obsolete on the anterior slope, and towards the ventral edge : lunule heart-shaped, and defined by a line : pos- TRIBE CONCHACEA. 11/ teiior tooth rudimentary in one valve : margin crenated. 1^ . , 1|. — Panama. V. Radiata. Chemnitz, f. 386.— Z>. p. 189. — TF. t. 8./. 69. Triangular heart-shaped, with decussated striae, the longitudinal more distinct posteriorly ; white with interrupted brown rays, and the anterior slope usually streaked with brown : umbones often stained with violet, the beaks recurved : lunule defined by a heart-shaped line ; inside white, the margin crenulated. ^ ■ • 1 • — West Indies. V. Pr^parea. Say. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. 2. p. 271.— V. NoTATA. Gould. Man. f. &7. — do. Say? Subovate, dirty white with zigzag blotches of liver brown, and numerous elevated subacute parallel concentric lines, becoming mere wrinkles near the suture of the anterior slope and obsolete on the disc, interstices plain : an- terior slope flattened, margined by an acute line ; anterior margin with an obsolete longitudinal very obtuse undulation, which gives the tip of this margin a slightly truncated appearance ; areola cordate, elevated at the suture ; inside white or yellowish. 2j. — United States. V. Stutchburii. Gray, in W. S. t. 2. f. 4. — V. Callosa. Conrad. Rounded heart-shaped, convex, moderately thick, chalky white, with radiating ribs and concentric elevated strise, except upon the anterior slope, which is devoid of both ; no lunule : inside stained anteriorly with purple, the edge crenated. \\..\\. — Sandwich. Isles. V. Decorata. Brod. c} Sow. Z. J. 5. Sup. t. 40. /. 3.— Beechey. Tiool. t. A\. f. 9. Triangular-cordate, anteriorly pro- duced, white, decussated by fine transverse crenulated riblets, and radiating sulci. V. Spissa. Quoy. Ast. t. 84. f. 7, 8. Transversely ovate, subequilateral, transversely wrinkled, brownish white with one or two indistinct darker rays, the umbones minute and little promi- nent ; lunule ovate oblong, defined by an impressed line ; within except the disc, violet, the margin finely crenated. — Nem Zealand. V. Undatella. Sow. Z. P. 1835. Rounded elliptic, thick, whitish with brown spots dots and waved markings, and crowded radiating riblike strioe, which are decussated by undulated and sub- lamellar ones : posterior side the shorter, anterior rather sloping, margins depressed ; ventral edge rounded, crenulated within. 1^ . . li. — California. V. PuLiCARiA. Brod. Z. P. 1835. Subtriangular, with very numerous raised delicately plaited concentric lines ; white with chesnut scattered spots often arranged in angular figures : dorsal or anterior area, with blackish chesnut streaks : lunule brown ; inside purplish, whitish towards the crenulated margin. ]|. . . 1^. — TF. Columbia. V. DiscREPANS. Sow. Z. P. 1835. Elliptic, thick, whitish 118 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. subradiatingly painted with brown ; posterior side the shorter, but somewhat produced ; anterior side rather sloping ; margins de- pressed ; with concentric ribs which are lamellar anteriorly, obtuse and broadish centrally, ,sublamellar posteriorly : umbones rather prominent; ventral margin rounded, denticulated within. 1^... 1;|. — Peru. V. AusTRALis. Sow. Z. P. 1835. Ovate, subtriangular, thickish, somewhat tawny, with subradiating subtriangular spots ; with elegant crowded thin concentric ridges, which are obtuse, more elevated near the sides and radiatingly decussated ; dorsal edge rather elevated, ventral rounded and denticulated within, yo • • WV* — Swan River. V. CosTELLATA. Sow. Z. P. 1835. Obovatc, brownish, some- times prettily dotted at the apices, turgid, with concentric reflected lamellar riblike striae, which are more prominent on the anterior side, and are decussated by impressed radiating white lines : lunula distinct and heart-shaped, its margins somewhat raised in the centre, inside white, margin crenulated. 2-^-^ . . 2^. — Chili and Peru. V. Crenifera. Soro. Z. P. 1835. — Elliptic, rough, whitish, spotted and variously painted with brown, with short crowded con- centric ridges, decussated by very close set radiating striae : pos- terior cardinal tooth large and elongated. li..lf. — West Columbia. — Variety. Uniform brownish, with some of the strise elevated and riblike. — Peru. V. Crassicosta. Quo}/. Ast, t. 84. f. 1, 2. Transversely ovate, heart-shaped, rather thick, yellowish grey, vrith distant thin slightly waved transverse ridges, and equal rounded longitudinal ribs : inside white, with an anterior violet stain ; margin very finely crenated. — New Zealand. V. DiscoRS. Sow. Z. P. 1835. Oboval, thickish, with crowded radiating strise, posteriorly decussated by wrinkles ; white, nearly covered with blackish brown, the disposition of the colouring of the two valves different; a rather elevated dorsal line ; inside white, stained with violet on the anterior side, margin crenulated. If. .1-1%. — C. ^' S. America. V. Fusco-lineata. Brod. §• Sow. Z. P. 1835. Obovate, whitish, with radiating rib-like strise, which are posteriorly sub- decussated; with waved sub-oblique lines, and sometimes two brown rays ; dorsal edge straightish, anteriorly subangulated ; posterior side short, lunule short; inside purplish. 1^. .1^.' — C. America. V. Leucodon. Sow. Z. P. 1835. Elliptic, thickish, some- what ashy, with concentric smooth reflected rib-like striae, decus- sated by crowded radiating ones ; anterior dorsal area and the lunule brown ; inner margin denticulated, the denticles white, the inter- stices black . 1 ^^0 . • 1 -/o • — California. TRIBE CONCHACEA. 119 V. HiSTRioNiCA. Brod. Sf Sow. Z. P. 1835. Obovate.pale fulvous with irregular brown interrupted rayed spots and radiating rib-like strias, which are rough, prettily decussated, and usually in pairs ; dorsal edge straightish, anteriorly sub-angu!ated ; lunule large and heart-shaped ; inside whitish. 1 J^. .l-f^. — C. America. V. Spurca. Sotv.Z.P. 1835. Ovate, thick, with radiating blotches of brown and fulvous, with subobsolete concentric rib-like striae, which are obtuse, and rather interrupted near the sides, ^q. .l-y^^. — Valparaiso. V. C01.TJMBIENSIS. Sow Z.P. 1835 Rounded elliptic, thick, varied with white and ash colour, with radiating ribs, which are numerous, flattened, rounded and twice as large as the interstices : posterior side the shorter, its ribs with decussating short and obtuse scales, the anterior ribs wrinkled, central ribs smoothish ; whitish within. \-^j^. .2\.— W. Columbia. V. Tricolor. Brad'. ^ Sow. Z. P. 1835.— Beechey Zool. t.4l.f. 7. Ovate-elliptic, thickish with radiating rib-like decus- sated striae ; with irregular brown interrupted spots disposed in rays ; dorsal edge subaugulated in the middle : lunule small and heart-shaped: inside violet, l^^^. .\^\. — C. America. V. Obscura. Brod. Z. P. 1835. Sub-globular, whitish, in- distinctly spotted, rough, with crenulated concentric lines ; inside white. Diam. -^q. — Pacific. V. Chilensis. Brod. ^ Sow. Z. P. 1835. Obovate, pale, with radiating rib-like striae which (especially the central) are flat- tened and decussated, particularly at the sides ; adorned with pale brown spots blotches and strigils ; dorsal edge straightish, rather sloping, anteriorly subangulated; posterior side the shorter; lunule small and cordiform; inside whitish. 2f . .2^. Chili. * * Inner margin qicite entire. V. Lamellata. Lam. 28.— TF. S. t. 2./. \.— Reeve, t. 68./. 3. — Del. t. 10. f. 6. Oval, angulated at the anterior extremity, of which the slope is glabrous, with unequal ribs ; whitish with trans- verse remote ridges which are fringed on their ventral margin, on which side also they are vertically striated, and possess anteriorly canaliculated appendages ; whitish, the lunule oblong heart-shaped and somewhat lamellar. — Variety. Rather depressed, with the ridges narrower and without appendages. 2f . — New Holland. V. Exalbida. Chem.f. 1974.— D. p. 170.— Lam. 29. — TF. t. 7. f. 27. — -£". t. 264. y. 1. Oval heart-shaped rather depressed, uni- form chalky white both within and without with transverse elevated rather membranaceous striae : lunule oblong, anterior depression lanceolate. 2\. . 3. — Falkland Isles. V. RuFA. La7n. 30. Oval tumid, rufous, with the margin white, transversely grooved, and very finely striated longitudinally ; 120 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. interior white, rough with impressed dots. 3|. — Peru and South Seas. V. HiANTiNA. Lam. 32.— Del. t. 10. /. 8. Ovate, inflated, angulated anteriorly, very pale rufous with sometimes two or three indistinct rays, closely but irregularly grooved concentrically : no lunule, the anterior depression gaping. 2|. — South Seas. V. Crassisulca. Lain. 33. Ovate oblong, somewhat angulated at the anterior end, uniform yellowish white, with broad transverse somewhat scalariform sulci. 2^. — Nem Holland. V. CoRRUGATA. Gmel. 3280.— Lam. 34. Ovate, whitish, with waved transverse unequal wrinkles, decussated by fine longitudinal striae; lunule oblong. — Variety I. The sides spotted with, and the posterior depression violet ; yellow within. — New Holland. — Variety 2. V. Obsoleta. D.p.205.—Ch.f.AAA.—W.t. 8. f. 105. The anterior side violet : white wjthin. — Mediterranean. V. Rhombifera. E. t. 282. f. 4. — V. Malabarica. Lam. 3.5. —An.Chem.f. 324, 5 "l.—An. i).p. 174 1—W.t. 7.f. 36? Oblong, sub-cordate, inequilateral, thick, rather ventricose, rounded at both ends, ligamental edge much sloping, ventral anteriorly sinuated ; pale fulvous or flesh colour, with large angular darker zigzags (when young white, with the zigzags purphsh ash-coloured) which equally cover the surface, and sometimes exhibit four indistinct rays, with crowded narrow transverse ribs : lunule oblong-lanceolate, concave ; lozenge elongated, both smooth : within with an orange stain beneath the umbones, elsewhere white, margin smooth; central tooth bifid, in one valve, the two anterior ones so in the other. \\..2^. — Mo- luccas. — Both lunide and lozenge are hrillia7it purple in young specimens. V. RoTUNDATA. Lin. U35.—D.p.204. — W. t. 8. f. 103.— V. Papilionacea. Lam. 36.— Ch. f. AA\.—E. t. 281./. 3.— PuLLASTRA P. Sow. G.—Rceve. t. 72. /. 3. Elongated oval, transversely grooved, glossy, pale reddish fulvous, with four radiating rows of chesnut spots ; depressions lanceolate and lettered : margin rounded and spotted with violet. If. . 3|. — Ceylon. V. AsPERSA. Lam. 37. — V. Litterata. Var. D.p. 201. — Ch.f. 439.—^. t. 282. f. I. Oblong ovate, broad sub-angulated and obtuse at the anterior end, narrower and rounded anteriorly ; glossy, bright reddish fulvous, with four radiating rows of dark splotches, besides scattered spots and markings, and furrowed by transverse irregular grooves, which become obsolete towards the beaks and are stronger and more distant at the anterior extremity : depressions lanceolate and lettered. — Variety. — Wliite somewhat spotted, and without rays. 1^. . 2^. — Zanzibar, Indian Ocean.^ 1 Lamarck admits as a variety with fewer spots the shell-figured Ch.f. 438. and E, t.282.f. 4. Deshayes proposes the separation TRIBE CONCHACEA. I'il V. PuNCTiFERA. Lam. 38. — V. Litterata. Var. C. Z>.j;. 103. —Ch. f. 436, 7.—Valent. Amhoy. t. 15. /. 19. Oblong ovate, somewhat angulated at the anterior extremity, obtuse ; pale straw colom', sometimes with large spots indistinctly disposed in rays, and smaller scattered ones with crowded transverse and very fine longitudinal striae. 3. — Indian Ocean. V. Turgida. Lain. 39. Oval, turgid, transversely grooved, ful- vous, with obscure letter-like markings, and about two rays ; lunule ovate. Nearly 3. — Lidian Ocean. — Distinguished by its shape from Litterata. 2 V. Litterata. Lin. 1135.— TF. t. 8./. 101.— Z). p. 203.— Lam. 40.— Ch.f. 332, 3.—E. t. 280./. 4. andt. 281./. 1.— PuLLASTRA L. Som. G. — Reeve, t. 72. f. 2. Ovate, some- what angulated at the anterior end, finely grooved transversely, whitish with concentrically disposed angulated chesnut lines or brown spots; beaks small and smooth; white within. — Variety. Ch. f. 435. With both deep brown spots and indistinct letter-like markings. — Indian Ocean. V. Textile.3 Gmel. 3280.— Zawi. 42.— W. t. 8. f. 104.— V. Undulata. D. p. 204.— Ch. f. 442.— E. t. 283. /. 1. Oblong, very smooth and glossy, pale fulvous with a network of angularly flexuous livid lines, both the lunule and the anterior slope lettered, the former lanceolate, l^ . . 2f . — Malabar. V. Geographica. Chem. f. 440.— Gmel. 3293.— i>. p. 203. Lam. 44. — W. t. 8. _/. 102. Ovate oblong, posterior side very short, white with reddish brown zigzag stripes, which form a kind of network, transversely grooved and indistinctly striated lon- gitudinally, inside white, li. —Mediterranean. — Amboyna ? V. Rariflamma. Lam. 45. — V. Dura. Gmel. 3292. — of it as a distinct species, and to bestow on it, and not on the species we have described, the original name of Chemnitz. - Ovulea. Lam. 59, is a worn specimen of this species. Deshayes has stated from an examination of specimens named by Lamarck himself, that V. Dorsata. Lam. 31. is but a local or accidental variety of this species. I will however in accordance with my usual plan of adding the doubtful species in the notes, give the characteristics specified in the Animaux sans Vertebres. V. Dorsata. Lam.3\. Oval, tumid, the anterior side elevated and obtusely angulated, with numerous transverse grooves of which those nearer the margin are sublamellar : lunule brown and oblong, either straw colour with the anterior slope somewhat spotted or whitish with chesnut letter-like markings : within white with a flesh coloured stain on the disc. 2|. — New Holland. 3 V. SuLCARiA. Lam. 41, is a variety of this. (Jide B. M.) 122 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. Adans. Seneg. t. \7. f. 12.—E.t.283.f. 5.— Tellina Can- CELLATA. W. t. 4. f. 60. Ovate oblong, transversely grooved, whitish vv^ith short brown distant flamelike markings, (sometimes accompanied by white triangular spots,) and more or less marked with faint yellowish brown lineoles ; beaks very small and almost smooth; lunule elongated and indistinct. 1^. — Africa.^ V. Decussata.* Lin. 1 135.— Z>. p. 205.— Lam. 46.— W. t. 8. /. W7.—Turt.B.p. 158. t. 8. f. 10.— V. Fusca. Gmel. 3281.— V. Obscura. Gmel. 3289— List. t. 423./. 27\.— Ch.f. A55, 6. ■ — Don. 2. t. 67 . Ovate, subangulated and broader at the anterior end, whitish or pale rust-colour, with usually purplish brown or rufous spots rays or zigzag markings : decussated by striae of which the longitudinal ones are the more prominent : the decus- sation strongest at the extremities often forming small tubercles at the anterior one ; lunule indistinct. 1| . . 2j. — JEurope and South Seas. " Y. PuLLASTRA.* Mont. p. 124.— Lam. 47.— W. t. 8. /. 109. —V. Senegalensis. Gm. 3282.— Z>. j). 206. and 8. t. 2. f. 7. —Dorset Cat. t. 1. /. 8.—Turt. B.-p. 159. Oblong, reticulated by fine striae, of which the concentric ones are the more apparent and become somewhat lamellar at the anterior end, white with narrow angular reddish brown markings especially at the anterior extremity which is somewhat angulated : lunule more apparent than in the last. 1^ . . 1|. — France, ^c. V. Retifera. Lam. 50. Ovate oblong, transversely grooved, whitish with rather angulated fulvous lines so united as to form net-work rays : anterior slope and the oblong lunule brown : white within. If. — Europe? V. Anomala. Lam. 51. Ovate oblong, subangulated ante- riorly, very inequilateral, the posterior side being very short and with- out a depression the anterior slope elongated and gaping : pale, slightly reddish towards the beaks, with transverse striae which become somewhat ridgelike on the anterior extremity : hinge with 1 V. Glandina. — Lam. 48. — Del. t. 10. f. 7, is according to Deshayes a Mediterranean variety of Geographica. — I add however the Lamarckian description. — Transversely oblong, with fine de- cussated striae, glossy, mottled with white and rufous so as to form indistinct rays ; within with the umbones and the anterior side somewhat spotted. 1 . — New Holland. " Of this species Deshayes considers as a Variety — V. Trun- CATA. Lam. 49. Ovate, the anterior side the broader and some- what truncated, tawny white mottled with bluish brown, and slightly decussated, the longitudinal grooves being the more ap- parent : yellow within. I-3. — Shoi'ter and wider than Decussata. TRIBE CONCHACEA. 123 the cardinal teeth straight. — Variety. Larger, wider and white. 1. — South Seas. V. Galactites. Lam. 52. Elongated ovate, rather angulated anteriorly, white, subdecussated, the longitudinal grooves being the more apparent ; no lunnle : hinge with the teeth erect. 2^. — Nem Holland. V. ExiLis. Lam. 53. Oblong elliptic, the posterior side very- short and without a lunule ; rather convex, thin, pellucid white, antiquated by very fine transverse and indistinct longitudinal striae, f. V. ScALARiNA. Lam. 54.— Del. t. 10. f. 12. Somewhat heart-shaped, depressed, whitish with the beaks violet, with numerous elevated transverse sulci, which are marked with small fulvous articulated spots ; lunule lanceolate, anterior slope glabrous, nymphas gaping. 1^. — South Seas. — Allied to Aphrodina.^ V. AuREA.* 3Iont. t. 129.— Gmel. 3288.— i>. p. 207.— Lam. 56.—Turt. Bio. t. 9. /. 7, 8.— List. t. 404. /. 249.— W. t. 8. f. 1 1 1. — Ovate, obtusely heart-shaped, tumid in the middle, and the ventral margin much rounded ; yellowish white with usually fine brownish zigzag lines, close concentric striee and obsolete longi- tudinal ones ; lunule defined by a groove and ovate- oblong : golden yellow within. 1 . . 1^. W. EurojJe. V. ViRGiNEA.* Lam. 57. — An eadem. Lin. 1134? — D. p. 207.— W. t. 8. /. 110.— Ch. f. 457.— Lin. Tr. 8. t. 2. f. 8.— Turt. B. t. 8. f. 8. Ovate, obliquely subangulated at the anterior extremity and when adult with an obsolete angle from the beaks to that margin, mottled with whitish and reddish, the less pre- vailing colour forming zigzags which are sometimes disposed in rays, and marked with concentric groovelike strige which become coarser at the anterior extremity which is the more tumid : ventral margin obtuse : lunule oblong: inside often with a tinge of pink. 2\. — Europe. V. Marmorata. Lavi. 58. — Del. t. 10. f. 13. Ovate, trans- versely grooved, white mottled with fulvous and rufous, the beaks small white and a little stellated ; the anterior slope large, violet brown and lineolated ; lunule oval-oblong, with its apex violet brown : white within. H. — S. Europe. V. Laterisulca. Lam. 60. Somewhat heart-shaped, with transverse grooves, which in the middle become indistinct striae : reddish, spotted with whitish, and with rufous at the anterior slope : posterior depression, oval oblong : white wdthin. 7|. V. PiNGUis. Chemnitz, f. 335, 6, 7.—D. p. \S\.—E. t. 266. /. 3.— V. Opima. Gmel. 3279.— Lam. 62.— W. t. 7. f. 50.— ^ V. ScoTiCA. fjam. 55, is a Crassina. 124 , TESTACEOUS MOLLtSCA. Obtusely subcordate, thick, tumid, glossy, smooth, pale fulvous, extremely variable in its markings, often with obscure dusky rays : depressions sunken the posterior oval-subcordate, the anterior indis- tinctly sublanceolate and painted with bluish grey linear markings : beaks much incurved : inside white, generally with a pinkish tinge beneath the umbones : a flattened posterior callosity beneath the hinge : two of the teeth bifid in each valve. — Variety. ( E. t. 266. y. 5.) The umbones with a somewhat stai*-like white spot or with some white rays — Variety. (V. Nebulosa, Chem. f. 359, 360, \.—Lam. 63.— ^. t. 7. /. 52.~Gmel. 3279.- D. p. 182.) Covered with obsolete angular dusky markings, some of the larger of which form themselves into three or four radiating rows. 1 . . 1 j. — Indian Seas. — Tranquebar. V. Phaseolina. Lam. 64. — Del. t. 10. f. 4. Ovate, thin, transversely striated, grey or pale fulvous, with small white trian- gular spots and brown narrow rays (which sometimes become obso- lete), the beaks somewhat violet ; posterior depression ovate, l^. V. Carneola. Lam. 65. — Del. t. 10. /'. 5. Ovate, uniform flesh color, with transverse and longitudinal finer striae and the beaks violet : posterior depression lanceolate : inside whitish. 1^. V. Florida. Lam. 66.— V. L^.ta. Poli. 2. t. 21./. 1 to 4. V. ViRGiNEA. Philip, p. 46. Small, subtriangularly oblong ovate, glossy, inequilateral, anteriorly longer, rounded at both ends, finely striated transversely : most variable in colouring usually marbled with brown and white, often rayed and reticulated, an- terior depression short, posterior oblong : inside yellow. — Variety, (BicoLOR. Lam. 68. An Poli. 2. t. 21./. 3 ?) White, with minute additional longitudinal strise, and the anterior slope on one side brown, sometimes with brown rays ; lunule brown. — Variety. (V. Catenifera. Lam. 70.) With four brown chain-like rays ; spotted with orange internally. 1^. — Mediterranean.'^ V. Petalina. Lam. dl . — Beudantii. Payr. t. 1. /. 32. Ovate oblong, rather sloping from the beaks on both sides, posteri- orly short, anteriorly produced and attenuated, mottled flesh colour with one or two white rays, the beaks and inside purple, all but smooth, the fine tranverse striae only evident posteriorly ; lunule lanceolate : of the teeth two are cleft in one valve, the central one only in the other. — Mediterranean. ^ To this species Deshayes appends V. Texturata. Lam. 43. The localities, however, are so far apart that I do not venture to unite them. V. Texturata. Lam. 4^. — Ch. f. 443. Ovate, antiquated, whitish, with a kind of network of reddish yellow lines ; the transverse strise very fine : posterior depression ovate : beaks rather prominent. 1|. — Lulian Ocean. TRIBE CONCH ACEA, 125 V. Floridella. Lam. 69. — Del. t. 10. /. 2. Ovate, rather depressed, with transverse grooves, whitish with pale cloudy broad spreading purplish violet rays : anterior extremity obliquely trun- cated and its depression elongated. 1|^. — Eurofel — Larger than Florida, hut possibly a variety. V. PuLCHELLA. Lam. 71. — Del. t. 10. f. 9. Small, oval, shining, pale purplish rose, anteriorly darker, with minute mark- ings forming a few rays : near the umbones smooth, becoming transversely grooved towards the margin : within purplish pink. 1. — Mediterranean. — Probably a variety of Florida. V. SiNuosA. Lam. 72. Somewhat heart-shaped, transversely grooved, pale fulvous with two indistinct sub-articulated rays, and sinuous at the margin ; posterior depression oval, nearly heart- shaped, brown at its base, and as well as the anterior slope lettered. \^. — New Holland? — South Seas. V. Tristis. Lam. 73. — Del. t. 10./. 10. Somewhat heart- shaped, transversely grooved, reddish fulvous (sometimes with brown interrupted rays), within with the disc pale orange, and the margin bluish violet. — Variety. (Elegantina. Jjam. 23. — Del.t. II. /. 3.) Pale fulvous and somewhat rayed, the anterior slope and posterior depression violet, the former lineated ; within with some violet spots at the hinge besides the orange stain. 1^^. — New Holland.^ V. VuLViNA. Lam. 75. Somewhat heart-shaped, transversely grooved, pale fulvous and somewhat rayed ; anterior slope convex, both depressions livid ; within white. 1|^. V. Vermiculosa. Lam. 7^. Somewhat heart-shaped, trans- versely striated, pale fulvous, sub-reticulated by rufous or brown letter-like markings ; white within, with a bluish tinge under the nymphae. 1^. — New Holland. {The exterior reminds us of V. AUREA.) V. Flammiculata. Lam. 77. — V. Callypiga. ia/n. 61. — V. RiMULARis. Lam. 74. — V. Japonica. W. t. 7 -f- 55. Subcordate, oval, convex or tumid, transversely grooved, variable in colouring, being white or reddish with (74) obscure rays, pale fulvous with {77) white radiating flammules, or (61 — E. t. 267../. 5?) fulvous and white with rufous lines and spots, and starred with white at the - We have figured the Aurisiaca of Gray, a shell so closely resembling Delessert's Tristis, that we have not ventured to copy the latter. V. Aurisiaca. Gray, Ann. Phil. 25. — W. S. Vemis 12, Triangularly ovate, polished, striated subcentrically, pale brown with three obscure zones ; anteriorly elongated : lunule and lozenge lanceolate, variegated with purple : orange within : | • • !• 126 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. beaks ; inside white, with purple spots on the hinge margin. If. — New Holland. V. Aphrodina. Lam. 80. — Del. t. 11. y. I. ObUquely heart- shaped, more or less conical, with more or less raised transverse Btrise, glossy; anterior depression glabrous, lunule when distinct elongated heart-shaped ; inside white, with a bluish stain anteriorly. — Var. A. Greyish fulvous. — Var. B. (Conularis. Lavi. 78. — Del. t. 11. y". 4.) bluish or purplish violet within and without. — Var. C. (Strigosa. Lam. 79.) uniform pale fulvous, or with rufous simple or grouped lines. V. Peronii. Lam. 81. Ovate heart-shaped, whitish, and transversely grooved, the interstices flattened, and the beaks smooth; posterior depression oval and violet ; orange within, with two purplish black spots. 1|.. — New Holland.^ V. Flammea. Lam.SA. — Gmel. 32/8. — D. p. 174? — Schrce. JEin. in Conch, t. 8./. 12. — W. t. ?./■ 37. Somewhat heart-shaped, transversely grooved, whitish, with angular chesnut lines ; beaks smooth ; posterior depression oblong ; within white with a slight tinge of orange under the beaks, li. — Red Sea. V. Undulosa. Lam. 85. Triangular, nearly smooth, having only fine transverse striae, whitish with very delicate crowded waved transverse rufous zigzag lines ; posterior depression oblong and reddish. I-4-. — New Holland. V. PuMiLA. Lam. 86. Rounded ovate, thin, greyish white, spotted or rayed with brown, transversely striated, and the anterior slope short and narrow ; posterior depression lanceolate ; yellowish within. — Cettes in the Mediterranean. V. Inuuinata. Lam. 88. — An.N. Triangularis. Lin. Tr. 8. p. 83 ? Rounded heart-shaped, tumid, yellowish-white and soiled, with the beaks prominent and smooth, and the rest of the shell marked with concentric striae, and extremely fine longitudinal ones. 1. — Cherbourg. Is not this a repetition of V. Ovata ? V. Gemma. Totten. Sil. J. t. 26. f. 2.— Goidd. Mas. p. 88. f. 51. Small, sub-orbicular, longer than broad, sub-equilateral, shining, with minute concentric crowded furrows, violet and white ; teeth divergent, the central one in each valve stout and triangular, the posterior in one valve and the anterior in the other thin and not easily distinguished. \. . -^q. — U. States. 1 It is stated by Deshayes that V. Aphrodinoides. Lam. 82. — Del. t. 11. /. 2. — W. S. t. 2. f. 10. is but a variety of this species. The characters are— shell somewhat heart-shaped, ob- liquely conic, with numerous transverse grooves, whitish spotted internally with violet. \\.—New Holland. TRIBE CONCHACEA. 127 V. Japonica. GmeL3279.—I).p. 183.— Ch.f. 364. Subcor- date, posteriorly short, anteriorly produced and angulated, strongly and densely grooved transversely ; variable in colouring, but usually whitisli with angulated dark (brown more or less purplish) markings, forming a kind of network, and frequently three rays : lunule oblong ovate, and stained near the beaks with purplish ; anterior slope elongated, smooth, livid, violet : inside white, with purple stains on the hinge margin : hinge with the central tooth bifid in one valve, the anterior so in the other. 1|^. . 2. — Japan, ^c. V. Striata. Chem. f. 36.5, 6.—Gmel. 3279.— TT. t. 7. f. 56. —D. p. 183.— An. U." t. 267- / 3 ? Subcordate, oval, inequi- lateral, anteriorly angulated, the hgamental edge sloping greatly ; ventral edge rounded, subundulated, fulvous (sometimes with obso- lete linear markings and very obscure rays), the transverse subundu- lated strise at the beaks becoming grooves below : lunule ovate oblong, large and not coloured ; within with an orange spot beneath the umbones, elsewhere white, margin smooth. If. . 2^. — Nicobar Isles. V. Paupercula. Chem. 11. p. 227. t. 202. f. 1977-—D.p. 172. — W. t. 7- f. 31. Ovate subcordiform, smooth, with reddish brown or bluish dots and veins on a yellowish ground ; the retuse oval oblong anterior depression and the heart-shaped impressed lunule tinged with violet, -f. . 1^. — Coromandel. — Having some- what the shape o/Flexuosa.i V. Papyracea. Gray. Ann. Phil. 25.— W. S. t. 2./. 8. Ovate, gibbous, paperlike, thin, pellucid, white, subantiquated ; umbones concentrically grooved ; hinge margin anteriorly impressed. — New Genus ? V. Zelanica. Quoy. Ast. t. 84. f. 5, 6. Ovate heart-shaped, turgid, longitudinally ribbed, with ridge-like transverse striae, livid brown ; lunule obsolete : within yellowish, anteriorly with a violet stain, the hinge with two of its three teeth cleft. — New Zealand. V. Intermedia. Quoy, Ast. t. 84. y. 9,10. Transversely ovate, 1 I possess a shell with many of the characteristics of this rather obscure species. Should it not prove to be identical, I have every reason to believe it to be undescribed. Ovate sub-cordiform, very convex, rather thick, anteriorly produced and somewhat beaked, posteriorly short and obtusely rounded, ventral edge arcuated and anteriorly incurved : smooth, glossy, veined with dark ashy dots, and often two or three rays on a lighter ground: inside white, with usually a tinge of scarlet beneath the umbones, and always with dark purple spots beneath the depressions, which externally are sunken, the anterior lanceolate, the posterior oval oblong : margin entire. ^..13^. — Allied to Opima of Lamarck. 128 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. rather convex, not thick, ashy white, anteriorly sub-truncated, with both transverse and delicate longitudinal strise, anterior side grooved, the interstices flattened : lunule lanceolate, narrow, its inner margin violet : within violet, the hinge with two of three teeth cleft. — New Zealand. V. Peruviana. 8ow. Z. P. 1835. Obovate, thick, concentri- cally ribbed ; the ribs thickish, sublamellar, posteriorly reflected, centrally reflected, articulated with fulvous, anteriorly deflected and thinner; anterior side doubly as long as the posterior, margins depressed and flattened ; ventral edge rounded : smooth within. — Peru. 1 Jo- . 2t%. V. MuLTicosTATA. Sow. Z. P. 1835. Large, elliptic, ventricose, thick, with numerous concentric ribs, which are thick, reflected, pos- teriorly undulated, centrally crenated, anteriorly alternately inter- rupted, rather irregular and rather undulated ; pale fawn, with darker spots forming rays : dorsal edge nearly straight, ventral rounded: lunule heart-shaped. 3^''q..4^^q. — Panama. V. Straminea. Con. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. 7- p. 250. t. 19./. 14. Suboval or suborbicular, convex, varied with yellowish and brown, with brown angular spots, with numerous crowded radiating striae, and finer concentric lines, which are most distinct posteriorly ; ante- rior extremity direct, ligamental margin nearly parallel with the base: teeth compressed, sinus of the palleal scar profound. 1|. — Cal>for7iia. V. Opaca. Sow. Z. P. 1835. Oblong, squarish, rather turgid, smooth, opaque, whitish, slightly tinged with purple ; posterior side the shorter, rounded, concentrically rugulose ; anterior side rather rounded, sub-angulated above and below : ligament very large. 2i..3|.— 0A^7^■. V. Alternata. JBrod. Z, P. 1835. Eather rounded trian- gular, with numerous acute raised concentric lines, white with chesnut rays ; dorsal or anterior area and the lunule violet chesnut; inside white, indistinctly clouded with violet chesnut towards the umbones. 1^. . If. — W. Columbia. V. Lenticularis. ^ow. ^. P.1835. Lenticular, subtrapeziform, thick, opaque, pale, smooth, with concentric lines, which are dis- tinct at the side, obsolete in the middle, and somewhat raised near the umbo ; dorsal edge roundish, anteriorly subangulated ; lunule elongated, heart-shaped, small and impressed : inside whitish. 2^-^. .^i^.— Chili. V. Cypria. Z. p. 1835. Oblong subtriaugular, white with brown rays, and thick concentric obtuse ridges which anteriorly are finer and more closely set ; dorsal line straightish and sloping : an- terior area broad and dark : lunule conspicuous, brown, and heart- shaped. 4. . f. — W. Columbia. Akin to Paphia. TRIBE CARDIACKA. 129 VENERICARDIA. Equicalve, inequilateral, suhorhiadar, generally with longitudinal, radiating ribs : hinge nith two oblique teeth in each valve, turned, in the same direction. V. AusTRALis. Lam. Sow. Tank. — Ast. t. 78. f. 12, 3, 4. — Cham A A. W. S. t. 2. f. A. Rounded and obtusely cordate, posteriorly short and rounded, anteriorly angulated at the ventral edge which is strongly arcuated ; thick, convex, whitish, transversely variegated with chesnut brown on its numerous narrow angulated and crenulated ribs : inside stained with brown anteriorly, margin coarsely toothed. 1. — Australia, ij'c. Y. Megastropha. Gray. Ann. Phil. 25. vignette j). 138. Obliquely heart-shaped, thick, white variegated with rufous, with convex wrinkled ribs : hinge margin very thick. 1 . — New Holland ? V. Crassicosta. 8om. Tank. Cat. Heai-t-shaped, tumid, anteriorly angulated, with twenty-two thick depressed ribs which are angulated at their sides, irregularly cvenated, variegated witli pink orange crimson and dark brown : inside white. TRIBE CARDIACEA. Primary teeth irregular, either in form or situation ; and accompanied by one or two lateral teeth for the most part. CARDIUM. Equivalve, sid>cordate ; beaks proijiinent ; the interior margins of the valves denticidated or plicated ; hinge with four teeth in both valves ; with two approximate j^rimary oblique teeth, vwfually inserted and crossing each other ; two lateral ronote teeth. * No particular angle on the beaks, and the anterior side at least as large as the 2>osterior. C. CosTATUM. Lin. 1\2\.—D.p. lOO.—Lam.l.— TFood. G. C. t. 56.f. 1.— TF. t. 5./. 34.— List. t. 327. f \G4.— Ch.f. 151, 2.—E. t. 292. f. 1. a7id t. 293. f. 1. Gibbous, sub-globose, thin, nearly equivalve, with high keeled membranaceous longitudinal white ribs, the interstices reddish tawny ; anterior side gaping ; within white, with grooves corresponding to the exterior ribs. 3..3|. — Guinea and Senegal.— (From the straightness of the hinge-margin the shell seems auriculated.) C. Indicum. Lam. 2. — C. I. f. 46. Heart-shaped, tumid, sub-equilateral, with obtuse ribs, which at the margin of the an- terior end are covered with spines resembling the teeth of a saw, of the posterior with rather distant trumpet-like scales ; white, 130 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. reddish at tlie beaks, and tinged with rose colour on the anterior side ; aperture of the anterior side patulous : margins deeply serrated. 2. — Indian Ocean. C. RiNGENS. Chem. f. 170.— 6?meZ. 3254.— J>. p. 119.— Lam. 3.— Wood. G. C. t. 53./. 1, 2.—W. t. 5. /. 18.— A'norr. 4. t. 14. /. 3. — E. t. 296. /. 3. Roundish, ventricose, whitish tinged with rose colour on the anterior side where the margin is deeply serrated and gaping, with about twenty-six longitudinal ribs which are unarmed, and the anterior ones somewhat keeled and irregularly grooved on one side. Diam. 1. — Africa. C. AsTATicuM. Lam. 4. — C. Lima. Gmel. 3253. — W. t. 5. f.m.~D. f. 110.— OA. /. 153, A.—B. t. 293. f. 2. Heart- shaped, tumid, whitish or pale fulvous and the beaks tinged with red, with numerous small ribs which posteriorly are edged with short spines, anteriorly with recurved lamellae, which are furrowed on one side ; margins serrated. If.. 2. — Nicohar Isles. C. Tenuicostatum. Lam. 5. — Del. t. 11../. 6. — C. I.f. 19, 36. Somewhat heart-shaped, whitish with the beaks rosy and smooth, with nearly fifty unarmed ribs which are obsoletely im- bricated anteriorly ; posterior depression indistinct, and the valves shutting quite close. 2^. — Timor ami New Holland. C. FiMBRiATUM. Lam. 6. — Wood. G. C. t. 56./. 5. — Beechey. Z. t. 42. /. \.—W. t. 5. /. 39. Somewhat heart-shaped, whitish with the beaks rather violet, with thirty-six unarmed convex ribs, which ai'e only lamelliferous at the apex, and not at all on the posterior side; the margin fringed with crested lamellae; the pos- terior depression oval, a callosity under the beaks. 1^. — Indian Ocean ? C. Brasilianum. Lam. 7. — C. I. f. 60, Obliquely ovate, smooth, ash colour, partially painted with longitudinal rufous lines, and the anterior slope spotted with brown ; within chesnut, and the margin toothed. 1. — Rio Janiero. C. Apertum. Chem^f. 181, 2, 3.— Lam. S.—Wood. G. C. t. 56. /. 2—W. t. 5. /. 35.— C. Virgineum. var. B. Gmel. 3253.— V. RuGATUM. B. j). \2b.—E. t. 296. /. 5. Somewhat heart-shaped, inequilateral, the anterior end being produced and gaping, pale fulvous, or whitish with the beaks tawny orange and smooth, with narrow distant acute longitudinal ribs which are flattened at the anterior extremity ; within stained anteriorly with rose colour. 1|. — Jamaica. C. Papyraceum. Chem. f. 184.— C. I.f. 55, 6.— TF. t. 5. f. 33. — Gmel. 3254. — D. p. 125. Somewhat' heart-shaped, thin, brittle, pellucid, whitish, tinged with purplish red at the beaks, nearly equilateral, with obsolete longitudinal striae ; slightly gaping on the anterior side, posterior depression large and oval : within spotted with purplish brown. If . . 1^. — Japan. C. BuLLATUM. Lam. 10.— Solen B. Lin. 1115. — D.p. 69. TRIBE CARDIACEA. 131 —Ch. f. 49, r)0.— ^. t. 29(i. /'. 6.— C. Soleniforme. Brug.vo. 34.— Wood. G. C. t.5G.f. 3.— W. t. 5./. Sfi. Transversely ovate, the anterior end produced gaping and seri'ated at the margin, the posterior short narrow and obliquely rounded ; fragile with ob- liquely radiating ribs, which are armed at both slopes, white marbled with reddish chocolate and a faint purplish spot at the beaks visible within and Avithout. If — 3Iartimque. C. PsEUDOLiMA. Lam. 13. — C. I. f. 67. Heart-shaped, ventricose, white with thirty-eight flattened ribs which at the umbones are smooth, and towards the margin become roughened by a central row of minute tubercles. 4f. — Red Sea. C. Tuberculatum.* Lin. 1122.— D. p. l\7.— Lam. 16.— E.t. 298. /. Z'i—Turt. Die. f. 12.— Don. 3. t. 107. f. 2.— Wood. G. a i. 50./. 2.— W. t. 5./. 4. Somewhat globular and ponderous, a little truncated antei'iorly, brownish, with twenty- one ribs which as well as the interstices are coarsely wrinkled transversely, the anterior ones armed with pointed tubercles, the posterior with thick transverse scale-like plates. 3 J. — Yovng. Strong, chocolate with white blotches, tuberculated. — Enghmd,SfC. C. AcuLEATUM.* Lin. 1122. — D.p. WA.—Lam. 14. — E. t. 298./. \.— Ch. f. 156.— List. 321./. \DS.—Don. t. 6.— Turf. Biv. t. 13./ 6, 7. — W. t. 5./. 1. Somewhat globular, tumid, not ponderous, brownish, a little angular on the anterior side, with twenty-one I'ibs armed with transversely compressed spines, which anteriorly are more acute, and posteriorly rather warty ; the interstices striated transversely. 3^. — Europe.^ C. EcHiNATUiM.* Lin. \\22.—D.p. }16.—Lam. 12. Don. f. 107. / I.— Dorset Cat. f. 6. / 2.— W. t. 5. / 2. Somewhat globose, convex, not thick, brownish white, slightly oblique, with eighteen ribs armed with numerous sharp white spines which curve towards the anterior side, and posteriorly are thicker and more obtuse : the interstices transversely striated. Diam. 2. — Young as the last, hut entirely white. — Europe. C. Erinaceum. Lam. 15.— Spinosum. D. p. 115. — E. t. 297. y. 5. — Ch.f. 157. Rounded heart-shaped, nearly equilateral, whitish or tawny, with about thirty-five crowded longitudinal ribs, which are marked along the middle with an obsolete groove, are closely set with sharp spines anteriorly, and posteriorly with short very obliquely mucronated tubercles. 3 . . 3. — Mediterranean. C. Isocardia. Lin. \\22.~D. p. US.— Lam. 17.— W. t. 5. / \3.—Ch.f. 174, .5, 6.-E. t. 297. f. A.— Wood. G. C. t. 52. * The young of this species form the C. CiLiARE. Lam. 11. — (W. f. b.f. 3.) and are fragile, glossy fawn colour, with the spines longitudinally dilated at the base. K 2 132 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. f. 1, 2. Obliquely heart-shaped, tumid, sub-equilateral, longer than broad, whitish with irregular reddish brown spots, and crowded longitudinal ribs which are covered with erect vaulted anteriorly elongated scales, and have very narrow interstices : within white, stained centrally with red, and the margin serrated. 2. .1^. — W. Indies. — The Consors of Sow. C. I. is 'probably but a variefy of this species- C. iVluRicATUM. Lin. 1123.-^ D. p. 120.— Zam. \8.—Wood. G. C.t. 51. f. 2.—W. t. 5. /. 14.— Ch. f. \77, S.-E. t. 297- f. 1. Ovate heart-shaped, longer than broad, flesh-coloured or yellowish stained or spotted with reddish chocolate ; with numerous flattish ribs equal in breadth to the interstices, with their sides armed with oblique flattish spines, which all excepting about a dozen at the posterior extremity, point anteriorly ; anterior serrated margin edged with red yellow or scarlet : within with two purplish brown rays, \\..\j. — TF. Indies. — S. Caroli7ia. — Spines in- distinct towards the centre. C. Angulatum. Lam. 19. — Seha. mtis. 3. t. 86. f. 6. — Longitudinal, ovate, oblique, whitish with purplish bands towards the margin, and thirty-two ribs which are angulatcd on the upper surface, transversely grooved, and the posterior ones crenulated as it were obliquely by some elongated tubercles. 2f . — Ameinea 1 — Deshayes asserts that the 3Iuseum specimen is only a lavfje C. litigosum. C. Leucostomum. Born. t. 3. /. 6, 7. — D. p. 121. — Ch. f. 179.— C. Magnum. Var. B. Gmel. 3250.— TF. t. 5./. 20. — C. Marmoreum. Lam. 20.— List. t. 331. /. 168.— £^. t. 297. y. 3. Longitudinally oval, moderately convex, subequilateral, white mottled with orange and red, with thirty-two prominent ribs, which are crenated on both sides, are larger than their iiiterstices and somewhat tuberculated at the posterior extremity ; on the anterior side where sometimes are a few lanceolate prickles, the margin is serrated and tinged with yellow; white within. — Variety. Larger, with the posterior depression glabrous and lanceolate. 2f . . 2. — Jamaica. — Ceylon . C. Elongatum. La7n. 21. — Brvg. Diet. no. 26. (except synonyms.)— An. Seha. 3. t. 86. /. 21— C. I. f. 49? Longi- tudinally oblong, subequilateral, white mottled with yellow or fulvous, Avitli forty flattened serrated ribs which are angular at their sides, and the posterior ones transversely grooved ; within white with a purple spot anteriorly. Length 3f. — W. Indies, — More tumid and elongated than the last. C. Ventricosum. Briig. — Lam. 22, — D.p. 121. — W. t. 5. /. \9.—List. t. 328. /. 16.5.— -E". t. 299. /. 1.- C. Maculatum. Gm* 3255. Very large, obliquely heart-shaped, longer than broad, very inequilateral, ventricose, subdepressed anteriorly, ferruginous with brown spots of irregular bands; with from thirty-three to TRIBE CARDIACEA. 133 thirty-five depressed ribs, of which the first few anterior ones are flat and imbricated, a few posterior ones flattened and without the numerous scaly striae, which cross the central ribs, which have one side rounded and are angular on the other. 4g. — S. Carolina. C. RuGosuM. Lam. 23.— C /. /. 32, 39, 4\.—Ch.f. 191. —E. t. 297./. 2.—A71. C. Flavum? Lin.—W.t.b.f. 24. Ovate, slightly rounded, longer than broad, inequilateral, whitish (with sometimes a rusty or tawny tinge) with from twenty-eight to thirty-two rounded and transversely wrinkled ribs which anteriorly are rough with scales. 24- . . 2\. — Ceylon, Java.^ C. Sulcatum. 24. — C. Serratum. Briuj. p. 229. — C. Ob- LONGUM. D. p. 123.— CA. /. 190.— 7?. t. 298. /. 5.—W. t. 5. f. 23. — C. Flavum. Bom. t. 3. f. 8. Longitudinally oblong, inequilateral, turgid, greenish yellow with the beaks reddish and smooth, grooved longitudinally except at the sides which are nearly smooth and the anterior one depi'essed ; umbones obhquely in- curved towards the posterior side, and the inner margin serrated. 3 . . 2^. — 3Ieiliterranean. C. Levigatum.* Pennant.— Lin. 1123?— D. p. 123.— Wood. G. C. t. 54./. 1.— TF. t. .5./. 21.— Don. 2. t. 54.— C. Serratum. Lam. 25.— List. t. 332. /. 169. Obhquely triangular, obovate, longer than broad, pale chesnut or brownish under an olive epidermis, anterior slope obliquely subtruncated, with obsolete radiating ribs except on the sides : pale flesh-colour within. 2.. If. — England. C. Serratum.* Lin. 1123. — D. p. 124. — C. Levigatum. Lam. 26.— Ch. f. \89.— Turt. Biv. t. 13. f. b.—Knorr. 2. t. 20. f. 4. §• 5, t. 10./. 7.-C. Citrinum. Wood. G. C. t. 54. /. 3. — W. t. 5. /. 22. Obovate, longer than broad, rather oblique, convex, glossy, thin, pale yellow with the anterior slope chesnut, with obsolete minute longitudinal striae, except at the sides, a pink stain in front of the beaks : within stained with purplish rose near the hinge, the margin finely serrated. IJ . . l^. — W. Indies, cj'c. C. Biradiatum. Brng. Diet. p. 231. no. 28. — Lam. 27. — C. LiNEATUM. D. p. 123.— Ch. /. 185, 6.—E. t. 298. /. 6. Ovate oblong, compressed, longitudinally striated, white with large orange or reddish spots and sometimes with irregular interrupted bands of the same colour : white within, with two purple rays ex- tending two-thirds downwards from the beaks. 2 . . Ih- — Ceyloii. C. iEoLicuM. Lam. 2S.— Wood. G. C. t. 57. /. \.—Ch. f. 187.— TF. t. 5./ 40.— C. Pectinatum. Lin. 1124.— 1>. V- 129.— Kn. 5. t. 26. /. 2.—E. t. 296. /. 4. Somewhat heart-shaped, gibbous, rounded ovate, with longitudinal striae * Compare with this the Pectiniforme (IF. t. 5. /. 37.) of. Born. t. 3./. 10.— (Z>. p. 156.) 134 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. anteriorly, and oblique transverse strise posteriorly, pale yellowish white with scattered red spots, and six or seven oblique stripes of the same colour on the smooth anterior slope : within white tinged with yellow towards the beaks. 2 . . 1|. — Indian Ocean. C. Pectinatum. Lunr. 29. — Murray. Fund. Test. t. .S. f. 18. Somewhat heart-shaped, transverse, whitish with twenty- five transversely and rather distantly grooved ril)s, umbones yel- lowish. 1^. — Mediterranean. — '' Less inequilateral than the two succeedintj." — Lam. " Probably a variety of Edule.'" — Desh. C. RusTicuM. Lam. 30.— -Lin. 1124. -X). p. 128.— Ch. f. 193. Transversely ovate, antiquated, with from twenty to twenty-two distant ribs and the interstices wrinkled and broader than in Edule ; whitish with the umbones reddish brown, some- times marked with yellowish bluish or brown bauds : brown within. Adriatic. — Probably a variety of Edule. ^ C. Edule.* Lin. 1124.— jD. ;>. \27.—Lam.2,\.~W. t. 5. f. 26.— 0/<. /. 194.— Pen. 4.t.5\.f. 40.~Wood. G. C. t. 55. f. 4. Rounded heart-shaped, becoming obliquely heart-shaped from the anterior side being produced by age, with about twenty-six ribs, which are crossed by transverse wrinkled somewhat imbricated striae, whitish or pale rust colour with the interior white and anteriorly stained with brown. — Europe.^ C. Groenlandicum.* Lam. 32.— Gmel. 3232 I>. p. 129. —E. t. 300. f. 7.— (Young. CLf. 198.)— Gould. Mas.p. 92.— W. t. 5. /. 28.— Mactra Radiata. Don. 5. t. 161.— 7F. t. 6. /. \7.— turt. Biv.p. 75.— D. p. 138.— C. Edentulum. Mont. — So7v. G. f. 2. — Aphrodite Columba. Lea. Am. Trans. 5. t, 18. f 54. Large, not thick, sub triangular, elevated, rather compressed, subequilateral, posteriorly rounded, anteriorly slightly gaping, drab coloured with very numerous obsolete radiating ridges : beaks slightly prominent, incurved ; within salmon- coloured at the margin, the disc opaline : usually no cardinal teeth, the lateral small but distinct. 2^^ . . 2f . — Young, often with rusty brown stripes or angular markings. — Atlantic. C. Latum. Gmel. 3255.— D. p. 125.— E. t. 296. f. 7.— Ch. f 192, 3.— Wood. G. C. t. 57. f. 4, 5.— W. t. 5.f. 42. Trian- gularly ovate, very inequilateral; whitish with yellow spots and irregular bands, and the beaks tinged with violet, with about forty flattened ribs, which are separated by very narrow and shallow grooves, and have a row of minute elevated points : within white, brownish near the beaks. 14 . . 2. — Tranquebar and Nicobar Isles. 1 C. Fasciatum. of 3Iontayu. Sup. t. 27. f. 6. p. 30.— Turt. Biv. p. 180.— IF. t. 5. /. 13. is the young (fide Sowerby in C. L) of this species. " C. Crenulatum. Lam. 54. is a Variety. TRIBE CARDIACEA. 135 C. ExiGUUM.* Lam. 35.— Gmel 32551— D. p. l\4.— List, t. 317. /. 154.— Turt. B.p. 186.— TF. t. 5. f. Q.— Mont. p. 82. — C. Pygm^um. Don. t. 32. _/. 3. Very small, sub -triangular, the posterior side the shorter narrower and obliquely rounded, the anterior extremity obhquely angulated ; pale tawny white, with from twenty to twenty-two ribs which are surmounted by short and somewhat arched tubercles. Diain,. f. — England. C. MiNUTUM. Lam. 36. Very small, rhombic heart-shaped, pellucid white, with twenty rounded and transversely wrinkled ribs. I-. — New Holland. C. RosEUM. Lam. 37. Very small, rounded heart-shaped, thin, pink, with numerous rounded transversely striated un- armed ribs. 1. — Cherbourg. C. SiNENSE. Sow. Jan. Z. P. 1840.— C. /. /. 35. Rounded, anteriorly subrostrated, slightly grinning, somewhat expanded at the margin, covered with minute granules (especially posteriorly), pale fulvous ; with twenty-three strong rounded ribs of which the eight anterior are narrower, fimbriated, and anteriorly sub-angu- lated : dorsal edge inflated, inner ventral very strongly toothed. \^..\^.— China. C. Laticostatum. Sow. Z. P. 1833.— C I.f. 30. Rounded, subventricose, anteriorly subangulated, grinning, pale with brown spots, and radiating ribs, of which the anterior ones are angulated, the rest broad and rounded ; the interstices narrow. Lfiani. 1 J^. — Xipixapi. C. Striatulum. Sow. Jun. Z. P. 1840.— C J. /. 16. ^' 45. — Reeve, t. 86. jT. 16. Thin, rounded, anteriorly subrostrated and with most minute radiating strise, pale fulvous with pink striped bands (becoming obsolete by age) : inside white, rayed with two red bands ; the anterior strise denticulated : epidermis brown. ■^ff. .\.—N. Zealand, Sj-c. C. AusTRALE. Sow. Jun. Z. P. 1840.— C. I.f. \2.— Reeve, t. 85. J'. 12. Obliquely ovate, thin, white, with spots (particularly at the smooth umbones) of reddish purple and brown, the sides with purple bands ; sides and margins delicately grooved : a scar running from the apex to the anterior margin. 1j''q..1^. — Aus- tralia and China. C. CuMiNGii. Brod. Z. P. 1833.— C I.f. 5.-~Reeve. t. 84. f 5. Equivalve tumid, fragile, rosy, diaphanous, elegantly can- cellated, posteriorly wrinkled, the valves anteriorly gaping ; a whitish posterior crest extending from the umbo to the ventral margin. !• •^. C. AsPERSuM. Sow. Z. P. \833.—B.ecve. t. 85./. 15.— C I, f. 15. Transversely oval, subequilateral, anteriorly gaping, pale, marbled with reddish, serrated : with numerous radiating ribs, of 136 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. which the lateral ones are creuulated, the central flattened. 1^.. 14. — TV. Columbia. — {Like Soleniforme.) C. RiNGICULUM. S070. Juu. Z. P. 1840.— C. I. f. 11.-— Ileeve.t.85.f. 11. Longitudinally oval, small, thin, gaping on both sides ; anteriorly elongated, somewhat sparse ; the posterior ribs narrow and indistinct, the three central ones broad, flattened, at the margin strongly toothed, the ten anterior narrower, slightly elevated, toothed at the margin. — Vat'. Pale yellow. — Va?\ Tinged with red anteriorly. — Ceylon, C. IsLANDicuM. Lin. \\24.—D.p. 128. — Ch.f. 195, 6.—E. t. 300. /. 8.— TF. t. 5. /. 21.— Gould. Mas.f. 58.— {Young— G. PuBESCKNS. Couthouy .) Large, thinnish, anteriorly longer, rather obliquely rounded ovate, tumid, with thirty-six or more three- sided sharp-edged radiating ribs, the intervening furrows rounded and regularly wrinkled by the hnes of growth : beaks prominent, almost touching : epidermis yellowish brown, lax, and bristling into a stiff" fringe on the sharp edge of the ribs : within straw coloured. 1 J . . 2. — N. Av^erica, Iceland, ^'c. C. PuNCTULATUM. Brod. 8^ Sow. Z. J. 4. — Heeve. t. 84. f. 7. — C. I.f. 7. Suborbicular, with twenty-two elevated rounded ribs, the posterior ones, as well as the interstices covered with minute raised dots, the anterior with a slender horny fringe of epidermis on the front edges : marginal teeth large and deeply cut. l_i \L. ^C. Nodosum.* Mont. 2). 81.— im. Tr. 8. p. 66.— Wood. G. C. p. 212.— Turt. Biv. p. 186. t. 13. /. 8. Orbicular sub- equilateral and rather flat, brown or whitish, very slightly angular anteriorly ; with about twenty-six close set rounded ribs thickly clothed with obtuse round tubercles which project anteriorly into very short spines ; inside white with generally a chesnut anterior stripe extending half way down the shell. -^ . . -y^Tr. — England. C. RiGiDUM. Wood. G. C. t. 57./. 2, S'.—D. p. 126.— W. t. 5.f.4l. Obliquely subcordate, obovate, anteriorly obtusely an- gulated and longer, whitish under a strongly adherent wrinkled epidermis, with not more than twenty-six prominent radiating ribs armed with small deciduous tubercles : inside white, the teeth strong, f . .J. — l7i the Banksian collection. C. Ovale.* Sow. — C. Elongatum. Mont. p. 82. — D. p. \3\.— Turt. B. t. 13. /. 9. p. 185. Oval and oblique, prodixced and a little angular anteriorly, tumid in the middle and sloping to the sides ; pale rufous with some obscure darker anterior spots, twenty-five prickly ribs, the central flattened and separated by a fine line : beaks prominent, ^..-f-^. C. SicuLUM. Sow. Jun. Z. P'. 1841.— C. /. /. 31. Thin, sub-quadrangular, ventricose, posteriorly narrow, anteriorly broad, TRIBE CAUDIACEA. 13/ subangulated ; white spotted witli brown, the ribs numerous and flattened, the five posterior crenulated : interstices narrow. -^% • • 2 • — Sicilij. C, Paucicostatum. Sow. Jun. Z. P. 1840.— C I. f. 20.— Reeve, t. 86. f. 20. Rounded, venti-icose, subequilateral, thin, yellowish white, waved with brown : with sixteen flattened smooth distant ribs which are armed in the middle with sharp tubercles ; the interstices flattened. 1 . . l^^-. — 31alta. C. MuLTispiNOSUM. Sow. Jxiu. Z. P. 1840.— C I. f. 38. Rounded, ventricose, thin, anteriorly slightly gaping, pale fulvous, rosy at the mai'gin and white within ; with thirty-tliree smooth ribs, which are angulated on both sides ; the spines numerous and acute ; the interstices granular, elongated at the margin : dorsal edge tumid. 2^ . . 2^ J. — Philip-pines. C. EXASPERATUM. Sow. Juu. Z. P. 1840.— C. I. f. 37. Ventricose, rounded-subquadrangular, white tinged with rose- colour at the margins ; finely grooved ; with numerous spines between the sulci. J^^7 • • 1. — Swan liiver. C. Papillosum. ' PoH. t. Itj, /. 2, 3, A.— C. I. f. 50.— Phil, p. 51. — C. PoLii. Pai/r. p. 57. Small, sub-orbicular, convex, whitish, anteriorly longer : with about twenty-four subequal flat- tened ribs, which are armed with short granular more or less distant papillae ; interstices narrow, with impressed dots : inside spotted with purplish red. 4. — Mediterranean. C. Graniferum. Brod. ^ Sow. Z. J. 4. — Reeve, t. 86. f. 17. — C. I.f. 17. Suborbicular, anteriorly angulated, white with sixteen radiating grained ribs, the anterior ones crowded, the pos- terior ones with larger granules ; the interstices with elegant longi- tudinal striae. 1,1 . . -f^^. — Pacijic. C. BELCHERf. Brod. 8f Sow. Z.J. 4. tab. 0. f. 3. Obovate, suboblique longer than broad, orange-yellow, redder anteriorly, with twenty-four radiating ribs of which the anterior have muri- cated, the central serrated, and four or five posterior ones distantly tuberculated teeth, but all placed on the anterior edge, and only glossy posteriorly : posterior margins acutely serrated. 1-^^. . l^^. — California. C. Senticosum. Sow. Z. P. \Q3^.— Reeve, t. 84. /. 10.— C. I.f- 10. Suborbicular, rather compressed, whitish, variegated with purplish brown ; with about forty radiating ribs, of which the thirteen posterior ones are posteriorly granular, then two or three granular on each side, the rest anteriorly angulated, granular, the grains oblique and the anterior ones larger ; the interstices narrow and transversely wrinkled : anterior side grinning, the marginal teeth strong and purplish, l^^.. \^. — S. America. — Akin to Mu- ricatam. 138 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. C. FovEOLATUM. Soiv. Jim. Z. P. 1840.— C.7./. 65, Of a somewhat rounded oval, longer than broad, compressed, white, •with forty-three ribs, the twenty-five posterior rounded and cre- nulated, the adjoining ones smooth and subangulated, and the extreme anterior concave and crenulated at the sides. H^.-l^^. — Swan River. C. Variegatum. Sow. Jim. Z. P. 1840.— C. I.f. 57. Oval, subventricose, rosy, spotted with orange, red, brown, and white ; with forty-eight ribs of which the posterior are rounded and cre- nulated, the central very angulated and smooth, the anterior rather flattened and armed with oblique tubercles. Ito'-^t'o* — Phi- lippines. C. Unicolor. Sow. Jim. Z. P. 1840.— C J. /. 29. c^- 42. Oval, ventricose, anteriorly subelongated, slightly emarginated, •white, obscurely spotted with purple, the epidermis thin and brown : ribs nimierous, rounded and minutely crenulated, the ex- treme ones flattened, l^^^^ . . 1^. — Isle of Ticao. C. Maculosum. Wood. G. C. t. 52. /. 1. p. 218.— TF. t. 5. /. 17 — C. I.f. 63. Longitudinally oval, moderately thick, white mottled with livid red, about forty-eight narrow rounded radiating ribs, which are slightly broader than their interstices, and are armed with small tubercles only on about eight of the broader anterior ones, and on two or three of the extreme posterior, the central ribs being nearly smooth : inside white, with two short indistinct livid purple rays ; the hinge anteriorly stained with purplish crimson. Ij. C. Multistriatum. Sow. Z. P. 1833.— C I. f. 59. Ob- oval, pale fulvous, dotted with rufous : with numerous radiating stripe, the posterior ones decussated, the anterior ones subgranular. ^-. . -S-. ^"C. Impolitum. Sow. Jim. Z. P. 1840.— C. I. f. 6. cj- 66.— Reeve, t. S4.f. 6. Thick, wedge-shaped, subequilateral, narrowed at the dorsal edge, rounded at the ventral : white, obscurely spotted with brown, anteriorly banded with purple : with thirty- five subcrenulated dull ribs, the epidermis brown. Ito-'^^* — China. C. OxYGONUM. Sow. Jon. Z. P. 1840.— C. /./. 9.— Reeve, t. 84. _/'. 9. Oval, subventricose, narrow at the umbones, white spotted with red and brown, within white : with thirty-five ribs of which the eighteen posterior are strong, acutely angulated, crenu- lated on their posterior side and on the angles, the next nine acutely angulated, crenated at the angles but smooth at the sides, the extreme anterior ones narrow, smooth, with oblique tubercles. \2...\^,~ China. C. SUBELONGATUM. SoW.JvH.Z.P. 1840.— C I.f. 61. Oval, subventricose, elongated, thick, slightly gaping anteriorly ; TRIBE CARDIACEA, 139 under a yellowish epidermis, white spotted with brown and red ; with thirty-two ribs of which the posterior are biangulated and crenated, the central smooth and biangulated, the anterior rounded smooth and armed with oblique tubercles. 2^^. . 1^1. — JV. Indies. C. Maculatum. C. I. f. 18.— C. Maculosum. Sow. Z. P. 1833. Oboval, subventricose, anteriorly somewhat sloping, marbled, with radiating ribs of which the posterior ones are flattened and their edges crenated, the anterior ones rounded : the interstices posteriorly very nari'ow. 24 . • l-po- — California. C. Enode. Sow. Jan. Z. P. 1840.— C'. I. /. 51. Oval, ven- tricose, anteriorly subexpanded, most strongly toothed ; pale ful- vous with rosy bands ; within white, yellow under the umbones, purple at the margin : wdth thirty-eight flattened ribs, the posterior slightly crenated, the interstices very nari-ow. 2^. . 2^,^. — Ceylon C. NuTTALii. Conr. Jourii. A. N. S. Phil. 1. ]). 229. t. 17. f. 3. Ovate triangular, ventricose, thick, with thirty-four regu- larly rounded ribs with prominent arched striae ; umbo narrowed, summit very prominent ; anterior slope much depressed ; anterior margin straight, oblique, simply undulated ; ligamental margin de- clining, ventral edge regularly arcuated ; white with a yellowish brown epidermis : lateral teeth thick and prominent, margin pro- foundly serrated. Length 3g. — N. California.^ C. QuADRAGENARiuM. Conv. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. 7. p. 230. t. 17. y. 5. Cordate, subequilateral, ventricose, thick, with forty to forty-two prominent subangular ribs, which are flattened at the side and armed yviih. a row of small tubercles ; these largest on the posterior side where they are seated on the middle of the ribs, though elsewhere on the anterior angular margin ; umbo broad and prominent ; beaks not oblique, tubercles elevated on the anterior slope : pale yellow with fulvous spots and zones : anterior margin direct, deeply serrated. Length 3. — U. California. Allied to Asiaticum. C. Californianum. Conr. Jour. A. JV. S. Phil. 7. p. 229. t. 17. f 4. Suborbicular, ventricose, thickish, with thirty-four prominent slightly flattened ribs roughened by prominent arched striae which become obsolete on the back of the ribs in the middle of the valves : summit of the umbo prominent, beaks oblique ; yellowish with pale red spots : margin deeply serrated : anterior margin direct and undulated. Diam. Ij. — U. California. 1 Compare the young of Nuttalii, with the C. Arcticum. Sow. Jan. Z. P. 1840. — C. I.f. 26. Oval, compressed, subequilateral ; with twenty-seven angular subcrenulated ribs ; the epidermis thick and olive brown (becoming by age eroded at the umbones) ; ligament elongated : central teeth obsolete, lateral distant. \l..\\^. — Arctic Ocean. ^40 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA, C. SUBRUGOSUM. S07l\ JuH. Z. P. 1840.— C. /. /. 34. if 71. Thick, oval, ventricose (by age svibacuminated anteriorly,) •with thirty-three ribs of which the twenty-five posterior are rounded and crenulated, the extreme anterior smooth and scarcely elevated : epidermis brown. — Variety A. White with purple spots. — Variety B. "White but yellow posteriorly. 2f ..2^3_, — Ceylo7i. C. Alternatum. Sow. Jun. Z. P. 1840. — C. I. f. 64. Obliquely oval, compressed, subexpanded anteriorly, white with bauds of yellow or yellowish brown spots under a brown epidermis : with thirty-two ribs, the posterior crenulated and subangulated, the succeeding anterior ones angulated but smooth posteriorly, the extreme anterior muricated, the interstices convex and grooved on each side. 2^ . . 2|. — Philippines. C. Procerum. Sow. Z. P. 1833.— i?eew. t. 77. f. 23.— C. I. f, 23. Ovate, the dorsal edge somewhat acuminated, pale with brown spots, posteriorly rounded, anteriorly subangulated ; with twenty-five radiating ribs of which the four posterior ones are rather indistinct, the rest prominent, anteriorly angulated and somewhat wrinkled, the central ribs flattened and obtusely angulated on each side, the anterior ones posteriorly angulated, the interstices flattened : anterior side grinning, the marginal teeth strong ; epi- dermis brown. S-^^j . . 3-j\. C. Panamense. Sow. Z. P. 1833.— C. I. f. 2\.— Reeve, t. 76. f. 21. — Beechey. Zool. t. 42. f. 7. Oboval, posteriorly rounded, anteriorly subangulated, grinning ; the posterior and central radiating ribs large and broad, at first angulated and finally rounded, the anterior ones narrower and posteriorly creuated. JO ^ , IX. — Panama. C. Elattim. Sow. Z. P. \Q33.— Reeve, t. 83. /. 3.— C. 7. f. 3. Oval, oblique, smooth, very ventricose, yellow; with numerous radiating grooves, of which the central except the an- terior are indistinct ; the side areas are smooth and their margins toothless : the ventral margin toothed : epidermis thin. 4^ . . 4. — California. C. Attenuatum. Sow. Jun. Z. P. 1840. Smooth, wedge- shaped compressed, obliquely elongated, anteriorly somewhat flat- tened, covered with obscure strise, toothed at the margin ; yellow with red spots which are stronger anteriorly ; white within. 2^.. \^.— Ceylon. — Figured in Wood. G. C. t. 54. /. 2, as jii?-adiatum. C. Multipunctatum. Sow. Z. P. 1833. — Reeve, t. 75. f. 14. — C. I. f. 14. Oval, oblique, rather depressed, smooth, polished, pinkish fulvous with numerous darker spots and dots, and very close radiating strife; anterior dorsal margin sub- angulated. 1 1 . . 1 /o . — Ch ilia. TRIBE CARDIACEA. 141 C. Elenense. So7v. Jiin. Z. P. 1840.— C. /. /. ;)%. Thin, smooth, oval, subacuminated anteriorly, pale fulvous with brown and purple dots, the inside brown with red bands ; umbones not prominent, spotted with purple. f..|- — TT^, Columbia. — Very like Brasilianum. C. SuBSTRiATUM. Conr. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. 7. p. 228. t. 17. f' 2. Obliquely ovate, ventricose, thin, smooth, with the radiating strise obsolete except at the base of the umbonal slope, yellowish variegated with brown, umbo and middle of the disc tinged with blue : inside yellow varied with brownish purple, markings, the margin finely serrate. J. — W. California. — Pos- sibly the young of another species. C. MoRTONi. Conr. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. G. t. 1 1. /*. 5, 6, 7- — Gould. Mas. p. 91.— C. I. f. 53, 4? Subovate, oblique, subventricose, thin, destitute of ribs or radiating striae, white under a pale brown epidermis, darker towards the margin, and wrinkled at the ends : inside striated, yellow, the margin entire or obsoletely serrated and whitish, generally an oblong black or dark purple spot on the anterior side. 1 . . 1 . — United States. C. Fragile. Sotv. Jun. Z. P. 1840.— C. I.f. G8. Rounded, thin, smooth, subequilateral, slightly inflated anteriorly, white lineated with brown under a fulvous epidermis ; within white, and reddish at the margin ; yellow at the umbones ; margin slightly grooved. 1 . . 1-J^. C. Lyratum. So7v. Jun. Z. P. 1840.— C. I. f. 40. Ven- tricose, rounded subequilateral, pale fulvous under a purplish red epidermis, within golden yellow ; posteriorly decussated with plaits, the ribs numerous, the posterior very fine, the central stronger, the anterior distant and angulated. I^'y..lJjj. — Philippines. — Closely resembling Eolicuni, but without the smooth anterior area. * * Beaks carinated or provided with an angle ; posterior side often longer than the anterior. C. Unedo. Lin. 1123.— i>.j?. 119.— iam. 39.— Ch.f. 168, 9.—E. t. 295. f. A.— Wood. G. C. t. 58. /. S.—W.t. 5. /. 50. Somewhat heart-shaped, rounded, turgid, the anterior extremity forming an angle above and projecting ; white, with numerous purplish red crescent-shaped elevated markings on the polished and rounded ribs : margin strongly serrated anteriorly. 2 . . 1^. — E. Indies. C. Medium. Lin. 1121.— Z). p. \U.—Lani. A0.—W.f.5. f. 5.-Ch. f. IG2, 3, 4.—E. t. 296. f I.— Wood. G. C. t. 50. f. 3. — Somewhat heart-shaped, turgid, whitish clouded and spotted, with rufous and brown, max-ked with strong longitudinal rounded ribs, which are separated by almost equally broad furrows and crossed by minute transverse striee ; the anterior side is somewhat 142 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. truncated, flattisli, and slightly keeled at its border, but becomes elevated towards the margin of the valves : within quite white. 1^^. 1. — W. Indies. C. Fragum. Lin. 1123.— X>. p. W^.—Lam. 41.— Ch f. 1G6, 7.—^. t. 295. /. 3.— Wood. G. C. t. 58. /. 3.— TF. f. 5. f. 51. Somewhat heart-shaped, angulated and truncated ante- riorly, yellowish white with about twenty-three rather depressed longitudinal ribs armed with small crescent-shaped scales of the same colour, towards the margin : within white with a pale orange streak extending half way from the hinge to the margin. \\. . . 1 — E. Indies. C. Retustjm. Lin. \\2\.—D. j). Wl.—Lam. 42.— Ch. f. 139, 140, 1, 2.—E. t. 294. f. 2, 3.— IF. t. 5./. 52.— Heart-shaped, white and shining, (or sometimes pale yellow and occasionally spotted with red,) with about twenty-one longitudinal, crenated grooves, whose intermediate ribs are more or less tuberculated ; umbones carinated, with a crescent-shaped cavity beneath them on the posterior side, within white. l|-. . 1^. — Persian Gulf and lied Sea.^ C. TuMORiFERUM. Lom. 43. — C. I. f. 22. — lieeve, t. 77./. 22. — Del. t. 11./. 7. Heart-shaped, inflated, whitish, subquadri- lateral, one side obtusely rectangular, the whole of the broad flattened ribs nearly smooth : lunule large and smooth. Neiv Holland. (3Iuch resembles the next, hxit the posterior dept-ession ■is not margined by wrinhles.) C. Hemicardium. Lin. 1121. — D.p. 113. — Lam. 44. — Ch. f. 159, 160, }.—E. ^295./. .2— 7F. ^ 5. /. 49. Heart-shaped, subtrilateral, whitish or pale yellow ; tumid and keeled at the anterior end ; the anterior ribs smooth, the posterior tuberculated, and the interstices narrow and marked with impressed dots ; the lunule margined by coarse wrinkles. 1^. . 1. — Molluccas. 1 il/r. Son-erhy in the Conchological Illustration, considers the C. Auricula of ForshaeVs Fauna Arabica, as distinct from, this species, although it has vsnally been considered by Dilmyn, ^c. as a variety differing chicjly by its coloured 7nar kings. I give the description of an authenticated specimen. Subtrapeziform, diago- nally divided by rather a sharp ridge, white spotted wifli pale scarlet, with about twenty-one radiating ribs : posterior area slightly larger, its ribs nodular and but little elevated, the interstices very narrow and transversely crenulated: anterior ribs unarmed, narrower and more depressed, with the interstices simple : lunule large, deeply excavated, an internal broad cordiform callus, rendering the cavity lunate. 1^. . . 1. {C. I.f. 47.)— Bed Sea. TRIBE CARDIACEAr. 143 C. Cardissa. Lin. 1121.— Z). p. WO.— Lam. 45.— Cli. f. 143, 4.— W. t. 5. /. 53.— ii". t. 293. /. 3. (Yoio^c/. C. Dio- NEUM, C.I.f. 1.) Heart-shaped, with the valves compressed but convex on both sides, white, thin, with the ribs granulated, (the posterior ones being the more prominent), the keel toothed and the umbones appi'oximated, with a small cordiform depression under them ; the anterior side convex near the hinge, becoming flattish towards the margin. — From keel to keel, 2\. — Indian Ocean. C. MoNSTRosuM. Chem. f. 149, \bO.— Gmel 3253.— i>. p. 112. — C. Inversum. Lam. AQ. — E. t. 295. f. 1. Heart-shaped with the valves compressed, the anterior side convex and lightly grooved, the posterior concave with subgranular ribs, and the lower extremity of the valves curled up towards the beaks ; white with yellowish spots and chevrons disposed the whole length of the keel, which is armed with very small distant points : um- bones approximated From heel to keel 1^. — Nicobar Isles. C. HuMANUM. Chem. f. 145, d.-D. p. 111.— TF. t. 5./. 54.— C. JuNONi,E. Lam! 47.— E. t. 294. f. 20. Heart-shaped, the valves compressed, and the keel nearly unarmed ; purplish red or white with rosy spots, the anterior side concave and lightly grooved, the posterior ribbed and somewhat granular : umbones approximated. — Variety. Ch.f. 147,8. — C. Roseum. D.p.\\2. — Variety. E. t. 294. f. 2.— From keel to keel, 2.— Indian Ocean. C. LiNEATUM. Lam. 4^. — C.I.f. 23. Heart-shaped, keeled, obliquely truncated anteriorly, very glabrous, thin, rayed with white and fulvous, with transverse undulating striee ; within reddish near the beaks and indications of ribs towards the margin. 1 . — America. C. Imbricatum. Sor\ Jun. Z. P. 1840.— C. If. 48. Thick, ventricose, rounded posteriorly, anteriorly subquadrangidar and angulated, white within, oi'ange with purple spots ; the twenty-eight ribs, (of which the nineteen posterior are strongly imbricated, the extreme anterior subangulated and smoothish,) are angulated and rough with vaulted imbrications near the umbones, near the ventral margin obtuse, \-f\j' • H* — Swan River. — Like JMedinvi in shape. C. FoRNicATUM. Sow. Jun. Z. P. \M0.— C. If 50. Sub- quadrangular, angulated anteriorly, rounded posteriorly, white with purple spots ; within orange spotted with reddish purple at the margins : with thirty-five ribs, the twenty-three posterior ones biangulated, imbricated with most minute pointed crenulations at the sides. 1. . 1. — Like Bledlnm in shape. C. BlANGULATUM. Brod. .J" Sow. Z. f 4. — C. I. f. 2.— Reeve, t. 73. f. 2.— Beech. Zool. t. 42./. 5.— C. If 2. Turgid, obliquely subcordate, anteriorly biangulated, posteriorly rounded ; marbled with whitish, greyish, purple, and chesnut ; the radiating 144 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. ribs longitudinally striated, the posterior ones subcrenated, the anterior rngulose, the interstices dotted. \^^. C. Planicostatum. &0W. Z. P. \S3:i.— Reeve, t. 77./. 25.— C. I. J". 25. Subcordate, palish, variegated with brown and fulvous ; posteriorly rounded, anteriox-ly truncated and obtusely angulated, the centre of the anterior area rather prominent ; with thirty flattened sharp- edged radiating ribs, of which the posterior ones are transversely costellated, the anterior ones anteriorly crenu- lated and all of them closely striated transversely ; the umbones prominent : a deep depression under the umbones is posteriorly conspicuous. C. America, if.. If. — Closehj resemhling Me- dium. C. DoNACiFORME. Schrcetev. Ein. 3. p. 68. t. 7 . f. 14.— Bruff.p. 214.— TF. t. 5./. 38.— Gmel. 3247.— D. p. 114.— Ch. f. 1(55. — C. I. f. 27. Subtriangular, thick, posteriorly rounded and attenuated ; anteriorly very short, the slope flattened ; ventral edge strongly arcuated and subincurved anteriorly ; white, marbled with, and the anterior slope almost entirely, livid brown, with radiating grooves, which become obsolete at one end : inside white, the margin strongly dentated. f • . 1 • — Much resemhlin. p. 2\7.—E. t. 233. /. A.— Ch. f. 502, 3.— TF. t. 9. f. 9. Oblong, compressed rounder and broader towards the margin, with longitudinal grooves decussated by transverse striae, reddish brown with the posterior side whitish and similarly coloui-ed within ; posterior margin crenulated. 3 . . 2. — Red Sea. C. Crassicosta. Lam. 13. — Adans. Sen, f. 15. y. 8? — LJ.t. 234. f. 7 ? Elongated, posteriorly contracted and sinuous, white with purple and chesnut lines or spots, the ten or twelve thick libs armed with imbricated obtuse scales which become semi-erect towards the margin : inner margin simply waved. 2^. — Senegal.^ ^ I have received specimens named by M. Deshayes, and brought from Senegal by M. Rang. Whether they are the Crassicosta of TRIBE CARDIACEA. 147 C, RuFESCENs. Lavi. \4.—List. t. 34/. /. 185 ? Oblong, posteriorly contracted and sinuous, reddish fulvous with seventeen ribs armed with imbricated flattened scales ; margin waved. —6^e- 7teral appearance of last.) — Guljih of Nicoya. C. Variegata. Bruq. — Chama Calyculata. D. p. 217. — List. t. 347. /. \^\.— Ch.f 500, 1.— TF. t. 9. /. 10.— Cardita C. Lam. 15. — Sow. G. — Reeve, t. 89. f 2. Oblong, anteriorly retuse, increasing in breadth towards the margin, white with brown crescent spots and twenty or twenty-one ribs of which the lateral ones are crenated, the central armed with arched imbricated depressed scales ; white within with the margin plaited by the ex- terior ribs. 2. — Atlantic Ocean.^ C. NoDULosA. Lam. 17.—E. t. 234. /. \.—Ch.f. 1999 to 2002? — Del. t. 11./. 8. Oblong trapeziform, gibbous, reddish rufous with sixteen rounded ribs armed with nodose crenulations : margin entire. 1^. — New Holland. — Chinese Variety. Mottled with white and rufous. C. Calyculata. Britg. p. 408. (excluding his synonym, of Adanson)—C ^i-avATA. Lam. \8. — Chama Calyculata. IJn. 1138.— ^n. Gual. t. 90. F?~Poli. 2. t. 23. f 7, 8, 9. Oblong, whitish, posterior side with two sinuosities one deeper than the Lamarck, I know not, but as to their identity with the Squamosa of Mr. Sowerby (in Tank. Cat.) there can be no doubt. They are of an oblong shape with the ventral and dorsal edges almost parallel and little curved. The ribs are in number sixteen, armed with depressed scales, convex, and not broader than their interstices. The lunule is minute and the inside pure white. The exterior under a tawny epidermis is either dirty white or orange red. The state- ment of Lamarck, that the ribs are but ten or twelve and that it is contracted and sinuated posteriorly, would agree better with Mr. Sowerby's Squamifera, which I will now describe. C. Squamifera. Sow. in Tank. Cat. Oblong, contracted and sinuated posteriorly, expanded anteriorly ; uniform purplish red or yellow, about twelve convex ribs armed with strong erect scales, the three subanterior ribs infinitely the larger, interstices rather broad : lunule minute : uniform whitish within, the margin shghtly waved. 2. - C. SuBASPERA. Lam. IG. — Del. t. W.f. 9. — C. Variegata. Bruy. no. 6. Oblong, gibbous, whitish, with twenty-three rufous imbricated scaly ribs ; the scales arched semi-erect and subacute : margin crenated. 1 1. — As Deshayes declares that the Varieyata of Bruyiereis Lamarck's C. Calyculata, and the latter author founci-i this species on the identical specimen which Bruyiere has described, it is jyrobable that this species may be only a variety of the last. L 2 148 TESTACEOUS MOLLXJSCA. other, with eighteen imbricated and scaly ribs ; within with a brown or violet spot anteriorly or covering the surface, the lateral tooth rather acute. 1-i. — Mediterranean ? C. CoNCAMERATA. Lam. 19.— Chama C. im. 3304.— J>. p. 219.— CA./. 506.— J^. t. 234./. 6.— IF. f. 9./. 15. Ovate oblong, whitish within and without, with longitudinal ribs which are trans- versely striated and somewhat crenated ; the inner margin con- tracted and appearing as if doubled over in the middle so as to form an opposite ovate chamber in each valve, g . . ^. — W. Indies. C. Aviculina. Lam.2Q.—Del. t. 11./. 10. Ovate oblong, with (in the largest specimens) orange spots on the ribs ; the longi- tudinal ribs armed with imbricated scales which become arched and semi-erect as they recede from the beaks ; inside white. 1. — New Holland. — {Very dose to, and -possibly a variety of, Lamarcli's Cah/cnlata.) C. CiTRiNA. Lam. 2\. Oblong spatulate, citron yellow, the longitudinal ribs crowded with imbricated scales which are more erect towards the margin and at the posterior extremity ; white within. A. — New Holland. — {Probably a young Crassicosta. Desh.)i C. SuBL^viGATA. Lam. 22. Oval oblong, with white and rufous zones and irregular rays, with very delicate transverse striae and the mai-gin quite entire. |. — {Li shape and hinge resembling a Cypricardia. — Desh.) C. CoRBULARis. Lam. 2Z. Oval, somewhat trapeziform, thin, smooth, posterior side very short ; margin quite entire. ^. — On CoraJlines. C. LiTHOPHAGELLA. Lam. 24. — Del. t. 11. /. 11. Oblong, cylindraceous, thin, compressed towards the margin, anteriorly dilated and obtusely truncated, ventral and ligamental edges sub- parallel and straightish, whitish with the beaks fulvous, very delicately striated transversely : the angle oblique and obtuse. ^.—Enrope? — Having the aspect but not the hinge of Cypri- cardia Coralliophaga. C. Radiata. Sofv. Z. P. \S2,2.— Reeve. Ic. t. \.f. 5. Oblong, palish, variegated with fuscous spots and bands ; the posterior side 1 I have not seen this species, but from its description, it seems allied to, if not identical with, the C. Squamosa. Sow. Tank. Cat. -An. E. t. 234./ 3. Oblong, variable in colour being white orange-red, &c,, but never spotted, armed with sixteen scaly radiat- ing ribs ; the scales semi erect and much more crowded on the narrower and closer posterior ribs ; ventral edge but slightly waved, not sinuated. f . . 1^. — Senegal. — See my note on Crassicosta of which species this is possibly a variety. TRIBE CARDIACEA. 149 short, tlie anterior elongated ; with a few broad radiating ribs, the posterior ones transversely decussated, the central anteriorly angu- lated, the anterior rounded, dorsal edge scaly. -^^..2-^^. — West Colombia, and Panama. C. Affinis. Sow. Z. P. 1832.— i?m-e. Ic. t. \.f. 6. Oblong, pale mottled Avith fuscous, posteriorly short, anteriorly elongated ; a few radiating broad ribs whicli posteriorly are somewhat indistinct, anteriorly prominent angular and rather scaly, -f^ . . If. — Central America. — Is this distinct from. Pectuncidus? C, Pectunculus. Prvg.p. 412. — Reeve. Ic. t. l.f.4. — Chama P. D.p. 220.— TF. t. 9./. 16.— Lis. t. 347. f. 185. Transversely elongated, oblong, rounded at both ends, posteriorly very short, antex'iorly produced and rather dilated, venti'al edge incurved sub- centrally : thick moderately convex, brownish, with from eighteen to twenty smooth convex radiating ribs : inside reddish, i . . 13^. — South America ? C. Incrassata. Sow. Tank.— W. S. t. 2. /. 3.— C. Rubi- CUNDA, Menhe Cat. Transversely oblong, subrhombic, the liga- meutal edge being almost parallel to the scarcely curved ventral, posteriorly very short ; white or orange flesh colour, with sixteen thickened, elevated, rounded, crenated ribs, the interstices narrow : uniform white within." CYPRICARDIA. Free, equivalve, inequilateral, obliquely or transversehj eloyigated; 'primary teeth three, situated under the beaks, and one lateral tooth produced under the anterior depression. C. GtFiNiACA. Lam. 1. — Chama Oblonga. Lin. 1139. D. p. 219.— C/i. /. 504, B.—JE. t. 234. /. 2.—BI. t. 65. bis. f. 6. — TF. t. 9. f. 14. — Oblong, the anterior slope obliquely angulated and compressed towards its extremity, yellowish white, decussated by fine strise, apex rounded : white within. 2| . — Guinea.. — Has the look of a Modiola.^ C. Angulata. Lam. 2. — Ch.f. 1993,4. — Chama Rostrata. W. S. t. 2. f. 2. Oblong, obliquely angulated anteriorly, trans- versely grooved and decussated by longitudinal strise, white and slightly gaping at the base of the anterior side which is obliquely 2 Probably the Venus Aculeata of GmeUn, (Sch'cet. Ein. t. 8. /. 13.— D. p. 198.— 7F. t. 8. /. 89.) belongs to this genus, being described as having two cardinal teeth in each valve. 3 C. Californica of Conrad differs not in description from this species. — Add the C. Oblonga of Sowerby (not of Liu.) C. An- gulata 0/ TF. S. t..2.f. 1. 150 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. truncated and carinated with its slope more or less concave : teeth and anterior end often tinged with purple internally : anterior dorsal edge rather incurved. — Variety. C. Rostrata. Lam. 3. With the anterior side produced attenuated and slightly beaked. If. — Neiv Holland. C. CoRALLioPHAGA. La77i. 4. — Bl. t. 76. f. 3.— Chama C. Gmel. 3305. -Z>. p. 220. — W. t. 9. /. 17.— CA. /. 1673, 4. Oblong, rounded at both extremities, cylindraceous, thin, white tipped with purple at the beaks, diaphonous, compressed anteriorly ; marked with decussated strise which at the margin are raised into low ridges. 2. — In 3fadrepores at St. Domingo. (Bears some 7'eseniblance to Mytilus Lithophagus.) HIATELLA. Eqaivalve, very inequilateral and transverse ; gaping at the ventral margin ; hinge with a small tooth in the right valve ; and two oblique somemhat larger 07ies in the left valve; ligament external. H. Arctica.* Lam.— Turt. Biv. t. 2./. 12.— Solen Minu- Tus. Lin. 1115.— TF. t. 3. /. 33.— i>. p. 69.— Hunt. t. 1. /.4. — Ch.f. 51, 2.— Saxicava A. Phil. t.3.f.3. Oblong, produced and truncated anteriorly, white with transverse wrinkles, ligamental edge subincurved, anterior slope with two oblique ridges usually armed with spines. — Variety. Without the spines. (H. Ob- LONGA. Tiirt. Biv. t. 2. /. 13.) f . — Atlantic and 31editer- ranean.^ ISOCARDIA. Equivalve, heart-shaped, ventricose ; beahs distant, divergent, and spirally turned to one side ; hinge raith two primary flattened teeth, one of them recurved and under the beak ; an elongated lateral one under the ligament which is external and forhed on one side. I. Cor.* Lam. \.—Bl. t. 69. /. 2.— Chama Cor. Lin. \137.—D. p. 212.— Ch. f. 483.— E. t. 232. f. \.—Don. 4. t. 134. — W. t. 9. y. 1. Heart-shaped, globose, smooth, fulvous and the beaks clouded with white; epidermis reddish. 3..2f. — Europe. I. MoLTKiANA. Lam. 3.— Chama M. B. p. 213.— Ch. f. 484, 5, 6, 7.—E. t. 233. /. 1,— Cardita M. Brug. Die. p. 404. Heart-shaped, subtriangular, inequilateral, yellowish white. ' Compare Mytilus Pracisus of Montagu, t. 4. f. 2. — (W. t. 12./. IL) TRIBE ARCACEA. 151 obliquely grooved, the valves carinated ; anterior side the shorter, smooth and depressed. An. Var. ? Sojv. G. J". 3. — Reeve, t. 78. f. 3. Ribs closer and as well as the umbonal ridge, more obtuse. 1. — China and the Indian Ocean. I. Semisulcata. Lum. 4. Heart-shaped, thin, semi-trans- parent, white, transversely striated ; anterior side with ten longi- tudinal grooves.'^ TRIBE ARCACEA. Primary teeth small, numerous, and disposed in a line in each valve, which is either straif/ht arched or brohen, the teeth of one valve fitting into the intermediate sjyaces oj' the other valve. CUCULLEA. Equivalve, inequilateral, trapeziform, ventricose ; beahs distant, separated by the area of the ligament; anterior muscular impression elevated, its margin angulated, or with an eared produced border ; teeth of the hinge straight, very small, and set transversely, with from two to five small 2>C'^'(ill(:l fibs; ligament external. C. AuRicuLiFERA. Lam. 1. — Sow. G. — Reeve, t. 81._/. 1, 2, 3.— Arca Cucullea. Gmel. 3311.— TF. t. 9. /. 16.— A. CoNCAMERATA. D. p. 22,2.— E. t. 304 .— CL f. 526, 7. Ob- liquely heart-shaped, rhombic, cinnamon colour, ventricose, decus- sated by strife of which the longitudinal ones are the stronger ; within whitish, stained anteriorly with reddish or pale violet brown, with a laminar appendage proceeding from under the beak ; hinge with two large teeth at each extremity. 2 J . . 3}. — Nicobar Isles. ARCA. Transverse, svbequivalve, inequilateral ; beaks remote, separated by the area of the ligament; hinge linear, .straight, without ribs at the extremities ; teeth of the liinge numerous, arranged in a row, serrated, close set, alternately inserted into opposite valves ; ligament entirely external. 2 For this species Deshayes proposes the establishment of the genus Cardilia. Oval-oblong, longitudinal, heart-shaped, ven- tricose, the beaks large and prominent ; hinge with a small car- dinal recurved tooth, a pit at the side and a spoon-shaped pro- jection for receiving an internal ligament : anterior muscular scar rounded and superficial, the posterior placed on a thin horizontal plate which projects from beneath the hinge. 152 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. * Margin entire. A. ToRTuosA. Lin. 1140.— Z>. j). 225.— Lam. \.— Ch. f. 524, 5.~E. t. 305. f. l.—W. t. 9./. 1. Parallelepiped, obliquely keeled one valve more so than the other, twisted and almost equally broad throughout, but rather narrower at the posterior end, dirty or reddish white, with radiating strise and the anterior triangular portion strongly wrinkled transversely ; beaks small and recurved. 1 . . 3 — Indian Ocean. A. Semitorta. Lam. 2. — Fav. t. 51. /. C. I. — W. S. t. 2. f. 2. Rather twisted, oblong elliptic, dilated, striated, the valves obsoletely carinated and rounded at their extremities ; beaks recurved. 3^.— Van Diemen's Land. A. No^ * Lin. 1140.— Z>. p. 226.— iam. 3—Ch.f. 529.— Bl. t. 65. /. 2— Don. t. 158. f. 1, 2.—E. t. 303. /. 1, ^ t. 305. /. 2.— W. t. 9. /. 2. Oblong rhomboidal, with fifty or sixty radiating grooves, the beaks incurved and very remote; whitish with diagonal broad parallel chesnut stripes ; the broad flat space between the beaks with a few distant grooves radiating from each apex ; inside tinged with chesnut, the hinge with more than eighty teeth; the margin entire. 1 . . 2. — Eurojje. The Atlantic. A. Navicularis. Briig. E. p. 99.— i>. p. 227.— W. t. 9. f. h.—Ck. f. 533.— E. t. 30S. /. 3. Oblong rhomboidal, pale rufous with broad wavy chesnut diagonal stripes, with not more than thirty coarse radiating ribs which become broader at the sides, and fine intermediate strise : within brownish, crenulated on the sides of the margin and the hinge with not more than seventy teeth. I . . l^.—St. Domingo. A. Tetragona. Pali. t. 25. /. 12, 3.~Lam.. A.—E. t. 308. f- 3. — PIdl. p. 57. Oblong, with longitudinal riblike striae, trans- versely striated, anteriorly straight not emarginated and with an acute prominent keel, pale rufous never striped . 1 . — Mediterranean. A. Imcricata.* Brug. E. p. 98.— D. p. 226.— A. Um- BONATA. Lam. 5.— A. Fusca. Don. 5. t. 158. f. A.— W. t. 9./. 14.— Ch. f. 532.— List. t. 367. /. 207.— '-£;. 305. /. 3. Ovate, posteriorly rounded, anteriorly forming an oblique angle with the hinge margin very ventricose brownish white within and without, with imbricated crowded decussated acute striae : liga- mental area hollow: margin gaping and quite entire. 1. — Jamaica . — Senegal. A. Sin data. Lam. 6. Oval, obtuse at each extremity, with decussated striae, obliquely angulated, ventral margin sinuated and gaping. 1-|. — ]Vew Holland. — {Akin to Ilelbingii and prohablij a variety.) A. AvELLANA. Lam. 7- Small, ovate, tumid, ventricose, shortened, with decussated striae, beaks arcuated, anterior slope TRIBE ARCACEA. 153 heart-shaped, white spotted internally with brown. a. — Hew Holland. A. Cardissa. Lam. 8. — Del. t. 11. /. 14. Nut-shaped and transversely heart-shaped, valves keeled on the back, beaks almost obsolete so as to cause the dorsal edge to seem quite flat ; the ligamental area lozenge-shaped and flat ; ventral margin convex and gaping. ^. — British Channel. — A small inequilateral shell of an extraordinary shape for this genus. Placed on the pointed extremity of its elongated side, it wears the semblance of Cardizim Cardissa, but n'it!>out any apparent beaks.^ A. Sulcata. Lam. 11. Ovate, very obtuse posteriorly, and obliquely truncated anteriorly, entire, gaping ; white clouded with reddish brown, with longitudinal grooves which are transversely striated and subcrenated. 1^. — New Holland. A. OvATA. Gmel. 3307.— iam. 12.— W. t. 9. f. 12— A. NiVEA. D. p. 2m.— Ch. f. .^38.— E. t. 309. /. 3. Ovate, somewhat sinuated, ventricose, but depressed in the middle and rather angulated at one end, with crowded narrow decussated ribs under a scaly and brown epidermis, margin gaping in the middle, no posterior depression. \^ . .2'^. — Red Sea. — Deshayes holds this to be the same as Helbingii." A. Barbata. Lin. 1140.— i>. p. 229.~Lam. 13.— TF. t. 9. /. 3.— Ch.f. 535. — Bl. t. 65. f \.—E. t. 309./. 1. Trans- versely oblong, depressed, somewhat sinuated in the middle, reddish brown becoming paler centrally under a brown epidermis which forms shaggy bristles on the crowded raised longitudinal striae, (crossed by delicate transverse ones) ; margin nearly closed, the umbones depressed bixt the beaks not distant, and the area between them covered by a brown ligament which adheres to it by means of several grooves nearly parallel to the hinge. — Variety. 1 A. Ventricosa. Latn. 9. being but a variety of No^ must be suppressed. — Deshayes. A. Retusa. LQ.m, 10. — Ch. f. 432. Oval, ventricose, obtuse at each end, decussated by the striae, the longitudinal grooves sub- imbricated : ligamental area brown and glabrous. — The specimens in the French Museum., being old Naviculares and the ftgure of Cliemnitz being universally assigned to Imbricata, it is probable that this species must be expunged from our future catalogues. 2 Of this species, Deshayes considers as a variety the A. Tra- pezina. Lam. 18. — Del.t. W.f 13. Ovate, elongated, sub tra- peziform, depressed, pellucid, longitudinally grooved and transversely striated, the umbones smooth, the anterior edge very oblique and incurved, ventral arcuated ; area between the beaks concave and rathernarrow. li. — Timor and South Seas. 154 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. A Cylindrica. W. S. t. 2. /. 3. Transversely elongated, very inequilateral, margins subparallel, scarcely at all sinuated. l|..2f. — 3Iediterraneayi. — West Indies. With age the length increases inore on the anterior than the posterior side., and the hinge consequently/ is nearer the centime in the young than in older specimens. A. FuscA. Brug. — Lam. 14. — A. Bicolorata. W. t. 9. /. 11. A. Barbata. Var. B. Gmel. 3307.— Z>. p. 231.— List. t. 231. /. Qb.—Ch. f. 53A.—E. t. 308. /. 5. Oblong, rounded at both ends though slightly angulated anteriorly, de- pressed, covered with a woolly brown epidermis, reddish chocolate with a white ray extending from the depressed and whitish um- bones a little way down the anterior slope, with numerous fine longitudinal granulated ribs and delicate transverse striae ; the margin all but closed. 1|. — West Indies. — Beside the crenu- lations of the hinge, finer ones line the posterior and anterior margins. A. Magellanica. Gmel. 3311 — D. p. 229.— Lam. 15. — Ch. f. 539.—^. t. 309. /. 4.— W. t. 9. f. 9. Transversely oblong, curved, contracted in the middle of the margin, posterior side the shorter and narrower, white or slightly ferruginous under a dark brown somewhat bearded epidermis ; decussated by striae, the umbones approximated and the margin gaping. 2^ — Straits of Magellan. A. Lactea.* Lin. 1141.— Z>. ;>. 236.— ia/M. \7.—List. t. 235. /. 69.— Pen. 4. t. 58. /. 59.— IF. t. 9. /. 24. Oblong, subequilateral, rounded posteriorly, angular anteriorly, white with a brown velvety epidermis and crowded longitudinal grooves, merely crossed by the wrinkles of growth ; area between the beaks very sunken ; white within. ^ . . f . — Europe. A. PisTACHiA. Lam. 19. Ovate, grey, with decussated striae, the beaks approximated and the valves internally striated and dark brown. |. — Timor and South Seas. Smaller but scarcely dif- fering from A. Fusca. A. PisoLiNA. Lam. 20. Very small, obovate, ventricose, decussated by striae of which the longitudinal ones are the more prominent ; beaks approximated, pearly within. ^.' — New Hol- land. Not unlike Lactea in shape. A. Cancellaria. Lam. 21. Oval, quadrangular, violet brown within and without, with longitudinal granular furrows and transverse striae; beaks approximated. ^. — Closely resembling Lactea in shape but more inequilateral and has some affinity also to Pisolina. A. Callifera. Lam. 22. Oval oblong, rounded at each extremity, violet brown, with longitudinal transversely striated TRIBE ARCACEA. 155 grooves : extremities of the hiage gibbous and callous : beaks oblique, approximated and but little prominent. |. A. Irudina. Lam. 23. Oval, tumid, with decussated strise, scaly at the margin and anterior extremity : beaks approximated and obhque. ^. — {Closely 7'ese7nhlmg Venerupis Irus.) A. Lacerata. Lin. wws. l^essin. p. \16. no. 2. i^' t. 16./. 1. —D.p. 229.— Lavi. 38.— TF. t. 9./. 10.— Ch.f. 536, 7.—E. t. 309. f. 2. Transversely subovate, depressed, very inequilateral, brown under a greenish epidermis, with longitudinal radiating striae, which are ragged and ciliated, granular and unequal, the elongated hair of the epidermis disposed on them at regular distances : margin subcrenated and closed, ligamental area so narrow that the beaks touch. 2. — India. A. Reticulata. Gmel 3311.— D. p. 237.— Lam. 39.— Ch. f. 540. — W. t. 9. /. 25. Ovate, rhomboidal, very inequilateral, somewhat compressed, white under a brown epidermis, with fine equal decussated striae ; umbones minute and approximated ; area between the beaks narrow, and finely grooved. — India. A. Gaimardii. Paijr. Cat. p. 61. t. 1. /. 36. to 39. Small, whitish, quadrilateral, and equilateral, heart-shaped, ventricose, covered with a fine net work of longitudinal and transverse striae; beaks large, approximated and recurved, and the area between them forming a narrow deep channel. — Corsica and Sicily. A. Gradata. Brod. . V- 228.— Ch.f. 542.— W. t. 9.f. 7. Transverse, anteriorly pro- duced, posteriorly truncated, Avliite under a scaly epidermis, with longitudinal crenulated grooves, which are in pairs at the anterior end : beaks approximated, margin gaping and somewhat crenu- lated. 2. — Guinea and Brazil. — " Probably a variety of Ovata.'^ Desh. A. ScAPHA, Lam. 25. — Cli. f. 548. Transversely oblong, ventricose, thin, white with the umbones reddish and oblique ; with from twenty-nine to thirty-four ribs, which are divided into two portions by a groove, (which is narrow but almost as deep as the spaces between the ribs,) and are narrow and prominent parti- cularly on the anterior side. 5^— India ? — JV. Indies ? A. Antiquata. Lin. 1141.— D. p. 232.— Lam. 26. -W. t. 9./. \7.— Ch.f. 548.— £. t. 306./. 2.— Gual. t. 87. c Trans- versely ovate, obliquely heart-shaped, thick, white, ventricose, with numerous flattened ribs, which are transversely striated, unarmed and the posterior ones bifid: anterior side slightly angulated: area between the beaks not grooved. 2. .3. — Mauritius, Mada- gascar, L^'C.'^ A. Rhombea. Bo7'n.— GmeL 3314.— D. 233. — Layn. 27 .— Ch.f. 5o3.—E. t. 307 /• 3.— TF. t. 9. /. 19. Heart-shaped, nearly as long as broad, gibbous, white covered by a brown epidermis, with about twenty-six longitudinal transversely striated ribs, and their interstices nearly smooth: beaks incurved and distant, the area between them rhomboidal. 1^. . 1^. — W. Indies. — E. Indies? A. Granosa. Lin. \\A2.—D. p. 233.— Lam. 28.— W. t. 9. f \8.—List. t. 241. f. 78. -Ch.f. 5o7.—K?wrr. 3. t. 4./. 2.— Sow. G. — Reeve, t. 82. ,/'. 3. Heart-shaped, nearly as long as broad, very venti'icose, thick, almost equilateral, with upwards of twenty rounded ribs, armed with orbicular, somewhat spinous nodules, white within, and without, tinged slightly -with brown at the beaks, which are incurved and rather distant with the area between them covered with a dark brown ligament, marked with rhomboidal grooves. 1#. . 2. — Indian Ocean. A. Auriculata. Lam. 29.— Del. t. 11. /. 12. — Savig. Egy]t. t. lO./. 8. Heart-shaped, ventricose, white, under a hairy epidermis, with about twenty-eight strong radiating crenulated * Deshayes separates as confounded with this, a species which I propose to name in honour of that laborious savayit, A. Des- viK\KS\\. — Glial, t. 87. B.—E. t. 306./ 1. Oblong, rather thin, with rounded ribs and the area between the beaks marked with lozeoge-shaped grooves. 158 TESTACEOUS MOLLTJSCA. ribs, M^iich are much narrower than tlie interstices, nmbones oblique ; posteriorly, obliquely rounded ventrally, rectangular dor- sally ; emarginated anteriorly : ligamental area narrow and elon- gated anteriorly. If. — Indian Ocean. — 3Iuch resembles lihombea. A. Inequivalvis. ]3rug. diet. no. 16. — A. Indica. var. D. p. 235.— Ch. f. 552.— E. t. 305. / 3. «.— A. Imbricata. TF. t. 9.f. 4. Obliquely lieart-sliaped, ventricose, inequivalve, one valve projecting beyond the other anteriorly, and at the I'ounded ventral margin; rather broader than long, anterior edge nearly direct, white, thin, with many nearly smooth and flattened ribs, beaks approximate. 2^. — Indian Ocean. A. Indica. Gmel. 33\2.—D. p. 234.— Lam. 31.— TF. t. 9. f. 21.— List. t. 232. f. 66.—Cfi. f. 543. Transversely elongated ovate, inequivalve, thin, and whitis^ with many ribs which are grooved in the middle, the beaks approximated and no area between them. 1..1J. — Sumatra. A. Senilis. Lin. 1142.— Z>. p. 234.— Lam. 32.— Ch.f. 5.54. 5, Q>.—E. t. 308. /. 1.— TF. t. 9.f. 20. Obliquely heart-shaped, nearly as long as broad, tumid, thick, ponderous, white covered with a greenish brown epidermis, with about twelve broad very large unarmed ribs, of which seven or eight are much larger than the rest ; umbones large, obliquely recurved, and distant : within white and polished.— Z>ia???. 2|. — Africa. A. Buasihana. Lam. 33. — IF. S.t. 2.f. 7. — A. Inequival- vis. Sow. Gen.f. 3. Inequivalve, heart-shaped, tumid, anteriorly subangulated, reddish white, with many flattened ribs which at the posterior side are crenulated, at the anterior unarmed: ligamental ai-ea pectinated. 1|^. — Rio Janeiro. A. CoRBicuLA. Gmel. 3310. — A. Corbula. D. f. 235. — Lam. 34. — Cli. f. 559. — E. t. 309. /. 5. Ovate, subtrapeziform, the hinge margin nearly straight, and the rest of the margin rounded, white with radiating transversely striated ribs: beaks obtuse and approximated, the intervening area very narrow. f..l. Cape of Good Hope. A. Squamosa. Larn. 35.— An. Gray, in W. S. i. 2./. 12.^ ^ Ovate wedge-shaped, with cancellated striae, beaks tumid and approximated, anterior slope obHque, and imbricated with scales. ^. — New Holland.^ 1 The shell from which this figure is taken, is again named by Mr. Gray in the British Museum A. Reticulata var. Are we to understood that these are synonymous ? 2 Of this species, A. Domingensis, Lam. 16. is at most a variety (fde Deshayes). I add horoever the characters. — A. Domingensis. Lam. 16. — List. t. 233. f. 67- Transversely oblong, with decussated striae, reddish brown clouded with pale TRIBE ARCACEA. 159 A. Cayennensis. Lam. 3G. 01)liquely oval, pectiiiiform, red- dish yellow, with at least thirty radiating uuarmed ribs, which are angular but flattened on the surface ; anterior side broad and obhquely rounded, furrows visible within. — Variety. Smaller, obhquely heart-shaped, and the ribs slightly crenated. li. — Guiana. A. BisULCATA. Lam. 37. Transversely oblong, anteriorly an- gulated, longitudinally grooved, the ribs transversely striated and alternately smaller, yellowish or reddish white : inner margin obscurely crenulated. — Variety. With crenulated ribs. li. — Guiana if Brazil. A. Incongrua. Say. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. 2. p. 268. Somewhat rhomboidal with from twenty-six to twenty-eight close set ribs crossed by elevated obtuse equal and equidistant lines except on ten ribs of the disc of the left valve ; apices opposite the middle of the hinge, distant with a narrow lanceolate area between them : dorsal edge angulated at each end, posterior edge rounded, ventral edge rounded, that of the right valve extending a little beyond the regular curve in the middle : anterior margin cordate, anterior edge nearly straight. 2 . . 2^. — U. States. Very like Rhombea, but thejigure in the Encyclopedle dijfers. A. PoNDEROSA. Say. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. 2. p. 267- Some- what obUque, very thick and ponderous, with from twenty-five to twenty-eight ribs, each marked by an impressed line and as wide as the interstices ; umbones, very prominent, apices remote and op- posite the middle of the hinge; ligamental area with longitudinal lines as prominent as their corresponding teeth ; anterior margin cordate, flattened, distinguished from the disc by an abrupt angular ridge, posterior edge rounded very short, ventral nearly straight or in- curved in the middle. 2^ . . 2f .— U. States. A. Labiosa. Sow. Z. P. 1833. Inequivalve, short, of a rounded square shape ; posteriorly shorter, angulated dorsally and rounded ventrally, anteriorly subangulated ; whitish under a thin brown epidermis, with radiating I'ibs which (especially on the larger valve) are posteriorly granular, anteriorly smooth : ligamental area narrow. W^ • . 1 o%- — Peru. A. Pexata. Say. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. 2. p. 268.- Gould. Mas. p. 95. /. 60.— A. Americana. W. S. t. 2./. 1. Trans- versely ovate subquadrate, very inequilateral, heavy, with from thirty-two to thirty-six close set ribs, which ai-e broader than their interstices ; a shaggy brown epidermis ; beaks prominent and very oblique, apices approximated : posteriorly obtuse and (save when young) destitute of a dorsal angle ; anteriorly obtuse, with an angle fulvous ; anterior side produced, subacute and granular ; beaks approximated, margin indistinctly crenated. l^. — St. Dominyo. 160 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. at the termination of the hinge, ventral edge little rounded. 1^\..2.—U. States. A. CoNCiNNA. Sow. Z. P. 1839. Oblong, inequivalve, white, with radiating ribs which posteriorly are wrinkled, the interstices decussated ; posterior side the shorter and angulated dorsally, an- terior rather produced, the angle inconspicuous : ligamental area narrow and posteriorly crenulated on each side : ligament anterior : an olive epidermis which is spinous at the grooves on both ex- tremities. ^1 . . l^Q. — Central America. A. Obesa. Sow. Z. P. 1833. Ovate, posteriorly shorter, anteriorly subangulated, ventricose, white under a brown scaly epidermis, with crowded smooth flattened radiating ribs : hinge area shortish and narrow. 1 -j-^ • • H^- — W. Colombia. A. Labiata. Sow. Z. P. 1833. Inequivalve, short, of a rounded square shape, posteriorly shorter and rounded, anteriorly subangu- lated ; white under a brown epidermis which is setose on the anterior edge of the flattened radiating ribs ; these are (particularly on the larger valve) posteriorly wrinkled, anteriorly smooth and broader : ligamental area bi'oad, subrhomboid. Ijo • • H* — -^^^^ Llegos. A. Nux. Sow. Z. P. 1833. Oblique, turgid, inequivalve, with radiating ribs which armed with granules in one valve are only so posteriorly in the other ; umbones distant, prominent : epidermis brown, horny, thin, and the anterior side of the ribs bristly. ^^..-^^.—Xipixapi.^ A. Biangulata. Sow. Z. P. 1833. Oblong, posteriorly shorter and broader, anteriorly subacuminated, lateral margin sloping ; ven- tricose, with radiating ribs, white under a bristly brown epidermis: dorsal margin posteriorly acute, anteriorly obtusely angulated : ligamental area elongated, posteriorly broader, flat. 1^^^ . . 2. — W. Columbia. A. Formosa. Sow. Z. P. 1833. Oblong, subcylindrical, whitish, with radiating ribs which are numerous flattened and posteriorly double ; each hinge margin angulated ; posterior side the shorter ; hinge area broadish and elongated, epidermis in long pointed scales in the interstices, in bristly hairs anteriorly. 2-^j^.A^. — C. America. A. Quadrilatera. Sow. Z. P. 1833. Quadrangular, with the sides angulated dorsally, the posterior dorsally rounded, the anterior obtusely angulated ventrally : ventricose, whitish under an volive epidermis, with radiating rounded ribs : ligamental area narrow. |^ • • 1 . —Real Llegos. A. Grandis. Sow. ^ Brod. Z. J. Obliquely subquadrangular, thick, white, with radiating rounded ribs, which are only crenu- lated at the posterior end, elsewhere unarmed ; epidermis smooth coriaceous. Sg . . 4^^^. — Like Senilis but longer and with more ribs. TRIBE ARCACEA. 161 A. Emarginata. Sow. Z. P. 1833. Oblong, subcylindrical, inequivalve, white, with radiating ribs : posteriorly short with the ribs narrower, and wrinkled ; anteriorly elongated, with the ribs broader and smooth : anterior dorsal margin emarginated, liga- mental area narrow ; epidermis brown and bristly in the grooves. |- . . If. — C. America. A. Tuberculosa, So7v. Z. P. 1833. Oval, turgid, oblique, subauriculated, with numerous radiating ribs armed especially pos- teriorly with scattered tubercles : umbones close, ligamental area narrow: anterior side the longer. 2J^.,2|. — S. America. A. Cardiformis. Sow. Z. P. 1833. Inequivalve, suboval, rounded posteriorly, on the anterior side ventrally angulated : ven- tricose, whitish with radiating ribs which are smooth except on the posterior side where they are wrinkled, the interstices on the larger valve very narrow : lateral edge sloping : ligamental area small and subequal. l^f^ . . 2. — California. — A.^j)ect of the co7nmon. Cockle. A. Multicostata. Sow. Z. P. 1833. Ovate-rhombic, pos- terior side angulated dorsally, and rounded ventrally ; anterior side angulated dorsally, lateral edge sloping ; a rounded keel running from the umbo to the base of the anterior margin : white under a brown almost satin-like epidermis, with numerous radiating mi- nutely decussated rounded ribs, which posteriorly are subgranular : the grooves rounded, the ligamental area broadish. 2|- . . 2^. — C. America. A. Nodosa. Wood. S. t. 2. f 8. Equilateral, tumid, ob- liquely subrhombic, white ; hinge margin angulated at both ends, very obliquely so anteriorly ; rayed w^ith about tAventy-six flat ribs which angulated at their sides are rather broader than the simple interstices, and are decussated, except on the anterior slope, with transverse straight raised lines : ventral edge arcuated : ligamental area rhombic broad and short. 2. — S. America ? A. Transversa. Sai/. Journ. A. N. S. Phil. 2. p. 269.— Gould. Mas. p. 97. Oblong, rhomboidal, with from thirty-two to thirty-five ribs as wide as their interstices, apices separated by a long narrow area (on which one or two angulated lines diverge from the apex) and situated at one-third the distance from the posterior end of the hinge margin which is angulated at each end ; of the anterior edge the superior half rectilinear, posterior edge rounded, ventral edge nearly straight, -ij . . l^. — U. States.'^ » See also the Complanata of Ch. f. .544, 5. (D. p. 228.— W. t. 9. f. 8.) and his Plicata f. 2008 {D. p. 22/. and f.— W. t. 9. /. 6.) 162 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. PECTUNCULUS. Orbicular, doubly convex, equivalve, subequilateral, and close ; hinge arcuated, teeth numerous, oblique, serrated, alternately inserted into the opposite valves, middle ones obsolete ; ligament external, * Surface not ribbed. P. PiLOSUS.* Lam. 2. — Philip, p. 61. — Arca P. Zin. — W. t. 9.f. 37. — P. Glycimeris. Undatus ^' Pilosus. Turton. Biv. t. 12. f. 1, 2, 3, 4. — P. Marmoratus. Xam. 4.— Arca P. D.p. 242.— TF. t. 9. f. 36.— Aeca M. Gmel. 3314.— Ch.f. 560. if 563.— List. t. 247. /• 82.— Knorr. 6. t. 14. /. A.— Gilalt. t. 72. G. — E. t. 310._/". 3. Orbicular-ovate, becoming inequilateral by- age, white witli angular red streaks arranged either longitudinally or traiasversely (sometimes flesh colour with white spots and an- gular red ones) minutely decussated, the apices obliquely incurved, approximate : inside white or whitish : epidermis velvety. 1|. — Atlantic and Mediterranean.^ P. SicuLTJs. Reeve. Ic.f. 41. — P. Glycimeris. La^n. 1. — Philip, p. 60.— P. PiLosus. Sow. G. — Reeve. Sys. t. 83. /. 1. — Ch.f. 564.—Poli. t. 25. / 17, 8 ?—List. t. 247. f. 82 ? Orbicular, rather broader than long, all but equilateral, rather depressed (except when aged) uniform, brownish red (usually with darker zones and tlie beaks often tipped with white) radiated by minute strise and delicate pale rather distant lines having the appearance of obsolete sulci : epidermis silky, brown, 3. — Medi- terranean. P. Undulatus. Lam. 3. — Del. t. 12. f. 1.— Arca Undata ? Lin. — Brug. Dic.p. 114? Ovate orbicular, tumid, inequilateral, anteriorly angulated and the longitudinal furrows very apparent : white with small waved rufous spots disposed in transverse rows : beaks with a straight inclination to each other. 1^. — America? P. ScRiPTUS. Lam. 5. — Reeve, Ic. f. 6 11 — Arca Scripta. D.p. 243.— Born. t. 6.f. 1. a.— List. t. 246. /. 80.—^. ^.311. f. 8. — W. t. 9. /. 39. Orbicular, rather depressed, with minute de- cussated striae, whitish with angular fulvous lines ; beaks slightly curved anteriorly : within white stained with yellow at the anterior end, crenations of the margin about fifty and only visible in the centre. \^.—Sl. Domingo. 1 From an examination of Linnceits's own specimen, J can safely assert that M. Deshayes is in error in coyisidering this shell to be the Glycimeris of LinncBus. The specimens of the latter are the Violascens of Lamarch. TRIBE ARCACEA. 163 P. Pennaceus. Lam. G. — Reeve Ic. f. 24. {(jood) — Knorr. 5. t. 30. f. 3.— Arca Decussata. Lm. 1142 1— D. p. 239? — W. t. 9. f. 31. Orbicular, swollen, decussately striated, longi- tudinal strite the sti'onger, whitish irregularly painted with large and small dark brown spots : umboncs bent inwards to the posterior end of the ligament : lunule heart-shaped, with transverse red rays. 2. — West Indies. P. Rubens. Lam. 7.—E. t. 310. /. 3.— Reeve. Ic. f. 23 ? Orbicular, convex, decussated by very delicate striae, pale reddish with many zones and numerous small darker spots : ligamental area narrow : one large internal brown stain. 2|. — J/. Deshayes states that the figure quoted hy Lamarck represents Glycimeris. P. Angulatus. Lam. 8. — Reeve. Ic. f. 30.— Arca A. GmeL—D. p. 240? — JF. t. 9. /. 34.— CA. /. 567.~-Li'. p. 24G. — W. t. 9. f. 33. Lenticular, inequilateral, with decussated striae, of which the longitudinal are the more prominent, white clouded or spotted with very pale violet ; beaks approximated and not in- clining, ly. — Indian Ocean. — Variety. With more colour, beaks not so approximated and rather oblique.— G^wV/" o/" Turen- tum. " Probably only a young Violascens." Desk. P. Glycimeris. (not Lam.) Arca G. of Linnaeus (fide his own specimens.) P. Violascens. Lam. 11. — Poyr. t. 2. f. 1. — Reeve. Ic. f. 9. — Bel. t. 12. /. 2. Heart-shaped orbicular oblique (becoming tumid by age,) greyish or reddish violet with paler radiating lines having the appearance of sulci or obsolete ribs, and concentrically striated on the umbones : beaks directly incurved and situated nearly in the centre of the ligamental area : anterior side elongated and angulated by age : within, more or less stained with brown anteriorly. If.. 2. — Mediterranean. — Young. P. Nummarius. Lam. 14. — Arca N. Lin. {certo.)—B. p. 243. Densely variegated with liver colour on a white ground, with prominent concentric striae.^ ^ Mr. Reeve assures me (having examined Lamarck's own specimen,) that the Zonalis is but a variety of this species. M 2 164 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. P. Striatularis. Lam. 13.— Reeve. Ic. f. 27? Ovate heart-sliaped, transverse, reddish -white under a brown silky epi- dermis, with very numerous fine longitudinal striae ; beaks rather oblique ; within white with a large stain of reddish brown. 1^. — New Holland. P. Intermedius. Brod. Z. P. 1832. — Reeve. Ic. f. 1. Suborbicular, subglabrous, subdepressed, whitish, with pale chesnut radiating zones near the umbo, with rather distant radiating decussated striae : inside white, the margins crenated : epidermis somewhat velvety. 1^ . . If- — Iquiqiii. P. Ovatus. Brod.^Z. P. 1^2,2.— Reeve. Ic. f. 2. Exactly oval, longer than broad, convex, glabrous with very minute trans- verse lines, whitish, the umbones pale chesnut : inside white, the margin crenulated ; the epidermis somewhat downy. If . . 1^. — Pacific. Closely resembling the last, hut ynuch more elongated. P. LiNEATUS. Reeve. Z. P. 1843. — Reeve. Ic. f. 2.5. Orbi- cular convex, slightly auriculated, decussately striated, longitudinal strise the stronger, whitish clouded anteriorly and about the middle with chesnut spots and vividly painted posteriorly with dark lon- gitudinal lines: umbones central. If. — TVest Indies. Closely allied to Pennaceus. P. Maculatus. Brod. Z. P. 1832.— Reeve. Ic. f. 4. Orbi- cular, slightly eared, subequilateral, convex, whitish spotted with chesnut, somewhat decussated with thick set radiating strise : in- terior white, margin crenated : epidermis brown and downy. 2f . . 2f . — Central America. P. Giganteus. Reeve. Ic. f. 3. Orbicular, very convex, (depressed when young) solid, large, with longitudinal close and regular striae and almost obsolete grooves ; white stained with chesnut towards the ventral edge, middle and umbonal portion profusely and vividly painted with waved reddish brown spots touching each other for the most part on both sides : interior white, margins of the adult of bright shining chesnut, crenated : epidermis thick and hairy. 4. — California. Allied to the Un- datus of Lin7i(BUS. P. Multistriatus. Desh. — Reeve. Ic. f. 42. — Arca M. B.p. 224.— A. Striata. Ginel. 3308.— TF. t. 9. /. 41.— C7i. /. 537. — jEJ. t. 311. f. 71 Triangularly orbicular equivalve, sub- equilateral, compressed, with numerous fine longitudinal striae rufous ; beaks incurved and the area between them narrow ; within brown, the margin flattened and quite entire. 1. — Red Sea. Extremely delicate transverse strice at intervals. * * With prominent radiating longitudinal ribs, either with or without transverse strice. P. Castaneus. Lam, 15.— TF. t. 9. — Reeve. Ic. f. 32. TRIBE ARCACEA. 165 Arca EauiLATERA. Gmel.~D. p. 240.— Ch. f. 562. — E. f. 11. /. 2. — W. t. 9. /. 32. Orbicular, subequilateral, chesnut, mottled with white, with numerous longitudinally striated ribs, which become obsolete towards the beaks which are not inclined ; within white. 1-|. — W. Indies. P. Pectiniformis. Lam. 16. — Reeve. Ic. f. 11. — Arca Pectunculus. Li7i. \\A2.—D. p. 238. — IF. t. 9. f. 29.— Ch. f. 568. — E. t. 311. y. 5. Suborbicular, thick, moderately convex, somewhat eared, whitish more or less tinged with flesh colour, and marked with brown wavy riband-like stripes, or spots, the ribs and interstices both broad and the surface roughened by fine raised transverse wrinkles ; beaks small and not inclining : within white stained with chesnut at the hinge and near the beaks, the margin plaited. \\. — Asiatic and American Seas. A sHght incurvation of the anterior margiii. P. Pectinatus. Lam. 17. — Reeve. Ic. f. 28, — Arca P. Gmel. 3313.— i>. p. 239.— Ch.f. 570, 1.—^. ^.311./. 6.— JV. t. 9. f. 30. Lenticular, rather depressed, whitish with wavy brown transverse markings or small spots, and numerous smooth rather flattened ribs and narrow interstices : white within and the margin crenated. f. — W. Indies. — Variety from Brazil. White with rufous spots. J*. Radians. Lam.\8. Suborbicular, transverse, inequilateral, rufous the umbones very white, with very numerous fine, longitudinally striated ribs. — Variety. With the ribs broader. 1^. — Nov Holland. P. ViTREus. Lam. 19. Orbicular depressed, somewhat earedl, thin, pellucid, with transversely striated almost granular longitu- dinal ribs, white with a few orange dots ; beaks small and acute : the hinge formed of two straight lines which almost form a right angle at the beaks and are each furnished with from twelve to fifteen oblique teeth. 1|-. — South Seas. P. MxjLTicosTATus. Sow. Z. P. \S32.—Reeve. Ic. f. 26. Suborbicnlar, white mottled with chesnut, rust-colour, and ashy- grey; with numerous radiating small rounded ribs which are transversely striated : umbones posteriorly inflected. \\. — South America. P. Parcipictus. Reeve. Z. P. 1843. — Reeve. Ic. f. 14, Kather obliquely heart-shaped, radiately ribbed ; ribs flat, often grooved up the middle, interstices deep ; white sparingly variegated with yellowish chesnut undulated zones and patches : interior white with a purple posterior stain. 1. — " The ribs are peculiarly firm and squarely grooved out." P. AuRiFLTJUs. Reeve. Z. P. 1843. — Reeve. Ic. f. 17. Orbicularly heart-shaped, inequilateral radiately ribbed, ribs broad 166 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. and obsoletely grooved down the middle ; white richly painted with transversely flowing patches of bright orange, which on the pos- terior half of the shell are edged with blackish brown. 2. — J^hilipjrhies. P. Tessellatus. JSom. Z. P. 1S32.— Reeve. Ic. f. 29. Orbicular, triangularly attenuated towards the umbones, equilateral, solid, tumid, white tessellated and variegated with brownish or purplish lake ; the radiating ribs depressed and rounded, smooth, equal in size to the interstices, about twenty-five in number : beaks inflexcd ligamental area small. |. — JV. Colombia. P. MoRUM. Reeve. Z. P. \M3.— Reeve. Ic. /. 40. Some- what pecten-shaped, pale pink sparingly and irregularly painted with long ruddy spots : radiately ribbed, ribs smooth : umbones nearly central, f. — Madagascar'! Allied to the last. P. Oculatatus. Reeve. Z. P. \SA3.— Reeve. Ic. f. 38. Somewhat pecten-shaped, radiately ribbed, brown sparingly and irregularly ornamented with white spots or spaces bordered with dark brown: umbones central but rather oblique, f. — West Indies. P. NoDOSus. Reeve. Z. P. \843.~Reeve. Ic. f. 22. Sub- orbicular, longer than broad, yellow variegated with dusky brown or chesnut, radiately ribbed, ribs distant and knobbed, the knobs nearly obsolete posteriorly : interior whitish, brown posteriorly. 1 . . l^^. — Ceylon. P. Pallium. Reeve. Z. P. 1843.— Reeve. Ic. f. 21. Ob- liquely ovate, subtriangular, the shell being much contracted to- wards the umbones : rich brownish yellow vividly painted with scattered square dark spots : radiately ribbed, ribs nearly obsolete towards the margin. 4 • • H- — Zanzibar. P. BicoLOR. Reeve. Z. P. \843.— Reeve. Ic. f. 20.— licccliey. Zool. t. 42. f. 3. Suborbicular, inequilateral, broader than long, attenuated towards the umbones longitudinally grooved, grooves numerous and very narrow, Avhitish clouded with violet and irregularly painted with triangular rusty reddish spots, f • ■ 1 • — Calif ornia. P. Strigilatus. Som. Z. P. \832.— Reeve. Ic. f. 31. Suborbicular, triangularly attenuated towards the umbones, ven- tricose, pinkish variegated and streaked with rust-colour; the radiating ribs rather distant and rounded, interstices smooth. 1 . . 1. — South America. P. IN.EQUALIS. Sorv. Z. P. \832.—{not Deccltey. Zool.)— Reeve. Ic. f. 16. — P. Pectiniformis. W. S. t. 2. f. 11. Sub- cordate, oblique, inequilateral, longer than broad, gibbous, with obtuse radiating strise white or lilac-grey with four or five broad, rusty or blackish transverse bands, the striae disposed in rib-like clusters and their interstices striated. 1 i* . . li. — Panama. The TRIBE ARCACEA. 167 ligament is short and a very small 'part is posterior to the wnhones.^ NUCULA. Transverse, oval-trigonal, or oblong, equivalve, and equilateral; no ligamental area ; teeth of the hinge linear, numerous, and pectinated, interrupted in the middle by an oblique produced hollom ; beaks contiguous, posteriorly injlected ; ligament mai'- ginal and partly internal, inserted in the cardinal hollow. * Lanceolate. N. Lanceolata. Lam. 1. — Sow. G. f. 1. — Conch. II. Nucxda. f. 1. — Reeve, t. 84. /. 1. Extremely long, thin, fragile, hyaline, anterior side lanceolate and rather obtuse, the posterior equally long but obtuse and broader, ventral margin entire. — Xipixapi. N. Elongata. 6'ow. Z. p. 1832.— Con. II. f. 2.~-Reeve. t. 84. f. 2. Transversely elongated, lanceolate, thin white with a fuscous epidermis towards the ventral margin : subequilateral but rather shorter posteriorly ; dorsal margin rather straight, anteriorly subreflected : anterior row of teeth divaricate. t^-.2/j. — West Colombia. N. Tellinoides. Sow. G. f. 2.— Arca T. W. S. t. 2. f. 3. Lanceolate, transversely elongated, subequilateral, anteriorly subangulated, posteriorly rounded, sides nearly equal in depth; white, thin, the lines of growth decussated by very fine oblique striae, dorsal edges convex. ^ . . 2. — Cumana. N. Patagonica. D' OrUgny. Lanceolate, very narrow, de- pressed, rather fragile, equilateral, rounded posteriorly, extremely attenuated anteriorly, with very fine concentric striae ; ventral edge entire, little arcuated in the centre, and sloping, obliquely at each end; dorsal edges little sloping the anterior one incurved and excavated above; teeth very numerous, cardinal pit broadly tri- angular. J . . 1 ^. — Patagonia. N. Crenifera. Sow. Z. P. \S32.— Reeve, t. 84. /. 3.— Con. 11, f, 3. Transversely elongated, lanceolate, smooth, with 1 The P. AssiMiLis of Sow. in Z. P. 1832. is most closely allied (if indeed distinct from) this species. See too Spurcus, Cancellatus and Pertusus of Reeve in the Zoological Proceedings, which should be compared with the young of the other species. His Flammseus though certainly distinct is only described from worn specimens. So too is the P. Longior of Sowerby. 168 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. very fine transverse striae, the dorsal margin carinated, the keel crenulated. -^ . . 1|. — JCipixapi. * * Rostrated. N. Arctica. Srod. Z. J. 4. t. 9. ./. 1. Oblong, anteriorly subrostrated, the beak slightly recurved posteriorly longer and somewhat rounded ; epidermis thick shining and dark olivaceous ; the delicate lines of growth crossed centrally and anteriorly by strong oblique striae. tV'-^^- — Kamshatchka. The edge of the ante7'ior slope forms a sharp elevated ridge 7vhen the valves are closed.^ N. NicoBARicA. Larn. A.- — C. /. f. 4. — Reeve, t. 85. f 4. — Arca Pellucida. Ginel 3308.— TF. t. 9. /. 2G.— A. Levi- GATA. D.p. 12,1— Ch.f 541.—^. t. 309./. 8. Transverse, ovate-elliptic, or ovate oblong, anteriorly subangulated, thin, smooth yellowish, pellucid, obtuse at the extremities but anteriorly rather attenuated: margin entire. 1. — Indian Ocean. N. RosTRATA. Turt. B. p. 178. — Arca R. Mont. Sup. t. 27. f. 7. — D. (in part.) p. 245. Oblong, thin, pellucid, white, smooth, rather gibbous ; posterior side rounded ; anterior acumi- nated, turned upward, with three crenated ridges ; surface covered with oblique nearly longitudinal grooves, margin entire, f . .-^q. — Guinea, ^'c. N. Pella. Lam. 3.— Son-. G. f. A.—C. I. f. 6.— Reeve, t. 85. /. 6.— Arca P. Lin. 1141 ?—i>. p. 237 l—'Ch.f. 546 ?— W. t. 9. /. 27. — N. Striata? Philippi. p. 64. Transversely ovate subtriangular, subequilateral, yellowish olive, thin, pellucid, with regular transverse grooves : posteriorly rounded, anterior dorsal edge but little if at all incurved and forming a sharp angle with the scarcely arcuated ventral, f . . -J. — Mediterranean. N. Fluviatilis. Soto. G. f. 3.— Arca F. Schro. Flus. t. 9.f 2.—Ch. f. 550, 1.—^. t. 309. /. 7.— N. Rostrata. Lam. 2.— Arca R. Ginel. 3308.— {in part.) D. p. 2A5.—W. t. f. 43. Transversely oblong, rather convex, thin, transversely striated, posterior side rounded and more than twice as short as the anterior which is attenuated beaked and its very narrow ex- tremity obtusely angulated ; anterior dorsal line nearly straight, oblique : ventral edge rather arcuated, h • . H. — Baltic, N. Seas. N. MiNTJTA.* Turt. B.p. 178.— Arca M. Ginel. 3309.— Mont. p. lAO. — n. p. 245.— Tr. t. 10. /. 44.— A. Caudata. Bon. t. 78. — Tenuisulcata, Couth, {fide Gould.) Oval, trans- versely striated, white, with three or four concentric ridges, the anterior side produced curved and truncated : beak A^ery small 1 This is not the Arctica of Gray in Parry's voyage. TRIBE ARCACEA. 169 with a smooth dorsal area reaching thence to the anterior ex- tremity. — Enrjland. N. Parva. Sow. in Condi. III. f. 7. — Reeve, t. 85. f. 7. Oblong, white, thickish, with an oUvaceous epidermis, transversely grooved ; posterior side rounded, anterior rather beaked, angular : dorsal area anteriorly not grooved. -^^ . . h' — N. Pole. N. PoLiTA. Sow. Z. P. 1832.— C"/./. II.— Reeve, t. S^i. y. 1 1 . Oblong anteriorly beaked, white under a polished greenish epidermis, anterior dorsal edge, smooth ; with some oblique an- terior striae, ^^q . . l-f*j. — Panama. N. CosTELLATA. Sow. Z. P. 1832.— CoH. II. f. 238.— Reeve, t. 85. f. 8. Oblong, thin, covered with small concentric acute riblets ; anteriorly beaked and acuminated, with two dorsal approximated and crenulated ribs. 4 . . 4. — Panama. N. GiBBosA. Sow. Z. P. \So2.— Reeve, t. 85. /. 9. — Con. II. f. 9. Oblong, gibbous, anteriorly acuminated and beaked, transversely grooved ; anterior dorsal edge depressed, with the central margin elevated. ^ . . \^.- — Peru. N. Elenensis. Sow. Z. P. IS32.— Reeve, t. 85. /. \A.—Con. II. f. 14. Ovate, gibbous, transversely grooved, anteriorly acumi- nated and beaked ; anterior dorsal margin arcuated, the margins crenulated. t7o • • i- — ^^- Colombia. N. Eburnea. Sow. Z. P. i832. Ovate gibbous, transversely grooved, glossy, ivory-like, anteriorly acuminated and beaked. ■Jo..-i;f.— IF. Colombia. N. CuNEATA. Sow. Z. p. \S32. — Reeve, t. 85. /. 15. — Con. II. f. 15. Ovate, wedge-shaped, gibbous, concentrically grooved, the epidermis greenish, glossy, the posterior side rounded the anterior acuminated. ^ . . |. — Valparaiso. N. Throc^formis. Storer. Host. J. of N. H. 2. — Gould. Mas. f. Q&. Large, oblong ovate, gaping at both ends, posteriorly rounded and shorter, anteriorly broader and obliquely subtruncated so that the dorsal extends further than the ventral edge ; a rib-like wave passes from the beaks to the ventral anterior angle : cuticle dark olive green : hinge with a very large spoon shaped tooth on each side of which are twelve teeth, each one folded from the centre to an angle of forty-five degrees : inside polished white. H§ • • 2|. — North America. N. EiGHTSii. Couthouy Annals Lyceum, N. H. — Say. Cat. t. i. f. 12, 3. Subelliptical, glossy, convex, moderately thick, sub- equilateral, posterior side rather longer ; anterior side very slightly and obtusely rostrated ; ventral edge entire, much arcuated ; dorsal edges but little sloping, the anterior subincurved, the posterior con- vex : cuticle blackish ohve, marked only by the prominent lines of growth ; no anterior depression : inside dull bluish white ; hinge broad, teeth few and obtuse, cardinal pit triangular, i . . 1 1 . — In 170 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. the specimen before me three or four granular lines radiate down the posterior sloped N. Recurva. Com: Jour. A. N. S. Phil. 6. t. 11. /. 21. Oblong, concentrically striated towards the beaks, and obliquely so towards the ventral edge : anteriorly rostrated and recurved, posteriorly rounded, beaks subcentral. 4. — West Indies. N. Sapotilla. Gould. Mas. p. 100. fo 61. Elongated ovate, translucent, subequilateral, posteriorly rounded, anteriorly narrowed and compressed ; the anterior dorsal edge straight and rendered sharp by the compression of a very uaiTow portion of the margin ; subrostrated, tumid at the beaks with only a slight flexure under the anterior tips ; smooth, polished, pale yellowish green : teeth about sixteen on each side. | . . -^^. — North America.' N. Navicularis. Couthouy. Host. Journ. N. H. 2. t. 4. f. 4. — Gould. Mas. p. 103. Small, smooth, fragile, subequilateral, greenish yellow, posteriorly rounded, anteriorly feebly beaked ; slightly truncated, ventral margin very convex ; beaks prominent ; inside white and glossy, the hinge with from sixteen to eighteen teeth. ^. — North America. N. Nasuta. So7v. in Conch. Jl. f. 12.— Reeve, t. 85. /. 12. Oblong, white, very finely striated transversely ; posterior side rather shorter than the anterior, rounded : anterior acuminated, slightly turned upwards, with an elongated transversely striated dorsal area. | . . f^: — li^ast Indies. N. Fabula. Sow. Conch. II. f. 13.—Beeve. t. 85. /. 13. Ovate, white, obhquely striated, nearly equilateral, posterior side rounded, anterior acuminated, slightly turned upwards, with two ridges passing from the umbones to the acuminated extremity, the upper of which is crenated, forming an anterior dorsal area. i 2 4 • • 5* N. Striata. Sow. Conch. II. f. 16. — Recce, t. 85. f. 16. Ovate, white concentrically striated, nearly equilateral, the dorsal slopes nearly equal ; posterior side slightly acuminated, rounded ; anterior side acuminated, with an indistinct dorsal area. \ . . \'^. — China. N. Mauritiana. Sow. Conch. 111. f. 17. — Reeve, t. 85./. 17. Ovate, white, concentrically grooved, nearly equilateral, posteriorly rounded, anteriorly acuminated : dorsal slope nearly equal on both sides, ^ . . |. — Mauritius. N, LiMATULA. Say. Am, Conch, t. 12. — Gould. 3Ias. p. 98. 1 Add likewise the N. Glacialis. Gray, in W. S. t. 2. fo 6. 2 See too the Myalis of Couthouy in Boston. J. of N. II. 2. t. 3. /. 7.— Gould, p. 99. TRIBE ARCACEA. 171 f. 62. Oblong, very smooth and shining, subequilateral, cuticle light green occasionally with darker zones, and two or three lighter radiations : anterior dorsal edge rectilinear nearly to the tip, which is a little recurved pointed and not truncated : ventral edge scarcely at all incurved : inside bluish white, subnacreous, twenty-two posterior, eighteen anterior teeth, -f^ . . \-^^. — United States. * * * Elliptic. N. Margaritacea.* LaiJi. 6. — Philippi. j)- 64. t. 5. f. 8. — Sow. G. f. 7. {good.)—kKCA M. Brug. Die. p. 109. — Arca Nucleus. Lin. 1143. — D. p. 244. — Brooks. Intro. t. 3. /. 36.— Z>a Cost. t. 15. / 6.—Petiv. t. 17. f. O.— Gualt. t. 88. R. — W. t. 10. f. 42. Ovate subtriangular, moderately convex, nearly smooth, some extremely fine radiating strise being indistinctly visible near the crenated ventral edge ; cuticle olive-yellow ; umbones prominent ; ventral edge rounded ; anterior side much the longer, its dorsal edge moderately sloping ; posterior edge all but direct (but not abrupt), convex : beaks acute and re- curved : lunule defined by a shallow groove, inside pearly, hinge with numerous straight sharp pectinated teeth. — A7i. Var ? (N. PoLii ? Phil. p. 63. t. 5. y. 8.) Larger, more oblique and triangular, olivaceous, with ridges of growth, posterior edge abrupt, anterior more sloping. — England, France, ^'c. N. Decussata. Sow. Conch. II. f. 18. SomcAvhat tri- angular, white, decussately striated ; posterior side shorter, its slope rather elevated in the middle ; anterior side much longer, oblique ; ventral margin rounded, its edge crenated. ^ . . ii. — Guinea. N. RuGULOSA. Sow. Conch. II. f. 19. Ovate triangular, with a greenish epidermis covered with rugulose striae ; angles obtuse : posterior slope with a central elevation ; anterior slope somewhat rounded ; ventral margin very finely crenulated. f • • i- N. NiTiDA.* Sow. Conch. II. f. 20. Ovate, subtriangular, smooth, shining, white with an olive coloured epidermis : anterior slope somewhat rounded, posterior nearly straight, with a central elevation. ^ • •\- N. Obliqua. lam. 5. — Sow. Cone. II. f. 21. Obliquely ovate, subelliptical, thin, pellucid, olive, smoothish ; posterior side rounded, rather long in proportion to those of this division, its edge convex : anterior side rounded, its dorsal edge much arcuated, the margin very entire. ^ . . -|. — Valparaiso, South Seas. N. Tenuis.* Turt. B. p. \77.—F. p. 402.— Gould. Has. p. 105. /. 64 Arca T. llont. Sup. p. 56. t. 29. /. 1.— Pen. 4. p. 215.— i>. p. 246.— Turt. D. p. 11.— TF. t. 10. _/. 45. Ovate-trapczoidal, thin, smooth, without radiating lines, glossy grass green ; anterior dorsal line scarcely sloping, nearly 172 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. parallel to the but slightly arcuated and entire ventral, forming an angle at its extremity and by a broadly rounded curve, united to the ventral (the tip is therefore not angular but very obtuse); beaks prominent, recurved, having a deep pit before them ; pos- terior side extremely short; teeth very long and slender, about eight anterior and four or five posterior. J_. _ ^ ^_ — Enfjland, ^'' North America. N. CoNVEXA. Sow. Conch. II. f. 22. Ovate, turgid, whitish smooth, posterior side the shorter, slightly acuminated ; anterior side much longer : dorsal slope rounded ; ventral margin entire ; hinge pit very oblique, teeth of posterior side very few. f . . i^. — China. N. PisuM. Sow. Z. P. \S32.—Sow. Con. II. f. 23. Small obliquely oval, the posterior side very short, the dorsal margin inclined. ^ . . \. — Valparaiso. N. ExiGUA. Sow. Z. P. 1832.— Cow. II. f. 24. SmaD, obliquely ovate, whitish pellucid, concentrically grooved ; anterior side the longer, subacuminated, the posterior extremely short. ^\ . . -1. — W. Colombia. N. Proxima. Say. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. 2. p. 270.— Gould. Mas. p. 104. Subtriangular, oblique, concentrically wrinkled, with numerous minute longitudinal strise, posterior margin very short and very obtusely rounded, a submarginal im- pressed line ; antei'ior margin very oblique, and but slightly arcu- ated : umbo placed far back : inner edge strongly crenated ; teeth stout, posterior row very distinct and regular. -J^. — U. States. Very like Nucleus but wider, and the posterior row of teeth rnore regular. TRIBE TRIGONIACEA. Primary, lamelliform and transversely striated teeth . TRIGONIA. Equivalve, inequilateral, trigonal, and sometimes orbicular ; teeth of the hinge oblong, laterally compressed, diverging, with t7-ans- verse furrows ; two in the right valve grooved on both sides ; and four in the left valve, grooved on one side ; ligament mar- ginal and external. T. Pectinata. Lam. — T. Margaritacea. An. du. Mus. t. 67. f 2.— Sow. G. f. 1, 2.—BI. t. 70. /. \.— Peeve, t. 86.— Cham A P. W. S. t. 2.f. 6. Suborbicular, longer than broad, with radiating roughish verrucose and elevated ribs ; margin plaited. 1 . — New Holland. TRIBE NAYADES. 173 CASTALIA. EquivaJve, inequilateral, tr^igonal ; the umbones decorticated, and injlexed before ; hinge with two la?nellar transversehf striated teeth, one posterior, remote, abbreviated and subtrilamellar ; the other anterior, elonyated, and lateral ; ligament external. C. QuADRiLATERA. D' Orb. Am. t. 7^. Subquadrilateral, inflated, thick, brown, when young entirely covered with broad flat elevated ribs (which in the adult disappear near the margins) beaks prominent, and posteriorly recurved ; anteriorly with a prominent keel having the appearance of an acute angle : inside brilliant white, only the anterior tooth striated, the cardinal being infinitely divided. A\. — S. America. C. Ambigua. Lam. 1. — Tetraplodon Pectinatum. Spix. Braz. t. 2b. f. 3, 4. Ovate-angular, inflated, trigonal, brown, pos- teriorly short, the beaks not recurved, anteriorly with a rounded keel, at the beaks covered with irregular carinated ribs : shining white, teeth striated. I|^..2^. — S. America. C. Inflata. D'Orb. Am. t. 72. /. 4. to 10. Ovate, very inflated subquadrilateral, very thick, greenish brown, with strong ribs at the umbones and usually transverse striae ; beaks prominent : posteriorly very short and rounded ; anteriorly elongated, smooth, having the appearance of two prominent obtuse angles : inside bluish white, teeth sti-iated. 1 i . . 15.. — S. America, Guiana. TRIBE NAIADES. Shells inhabiting fresh waters ; the hinge sometimes having an irre- gular, simple, or cleft tooth, and a longitudinal, prolonged one, and sometiynes none whatsoever, or having irYegular granulated tubercles the whole length of the tipper part ; a compound pos- terior muscular impression ; the umbo usually decorticated. UNIO. Shell transverse, equivalve, inequilateral, free ; imibones decorti- cated, and somewhat worn ; posterior muscular impression compound ; hinge with two teeth in each valve ; the cardiyial tooth short, irr'egular, simple or cleft, substriated ; the lateral elongated, compressed aiid j^i'oduced when aged ; ligament external.^ 1 The outline of Mr Lea's Synopsis of the Uniones has been filled up in this monograph. 174 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. Division A. — Unto Proper. With a cardinal and lateral tooth. Section A. — Symphonote.^ U. Inflatus, Lea. — Symphonota I. Lea's Unio. vol. 1. p. 109. t. 14. Triangular ovate, inequilateral, ventricose, very thin, elevated into a broad high wing posteriorly, a small one an- teriorly, both connate ; cardinal tooth single in both valves, lateral teeth bladed towards their termination ; beaks slightly prominent ; ligament concealed ; nacre purple, cuticle brown with obsolete rays. 24..4^. — R. Alabama. U. Alatus. Say. — Lorn. 28. — Srvain. Ex. C. t. 7. — Lea on U.\.p.62. — Mya a. W.S.f.3. Triangular ovate, transversely wrinkled, rather compressed, moderately thick, elevated into a high wing and connate over the ligament ; beaks scarcely prominent, cardinal tooth double in both valves, lateral tooth double in the left valve only and slightly curved : ligament concealed, nacre purple. 4-^Q . . 6^*0. — N. Ame?'ica.^ U. L^vissiMUs. Desh. in Lam. 6. p. 55S. — Symphonota L. Lea. on U. 1. p. 58. t. 13. f. 23. Subtriangular-ovate, inequi- lateral, subventricose, finely wrinkled transversely, shining, thin, with two not very high wings, the anterior the larger, both con- nate ; beaks scarcely prominent ; ligament concealed ; cuticle purplish brown, nacre pui'ple and irridescent : cardinal and lateral teeth forming a curved line. 2| . . 4^. — Ohio. U. Gracilis. Barnes in Sil. Am. J. 6. — Symph. G. Lea. — U. Planus. Barnes. — U. Fragilis. Srvain. Z. II. vol. 3. Sub- triangular-ovate, inequilateral, transversely wrinkled, rather com- pressed, thin, anterior dorsal edge connate, wing but little elevated, beaks scarcely prominent ; ligament concealed ; nacre pearly, violet-purple, irridescent, cuticle yellowish green. 2^ . . 3^^,,. — Olcio. U. CoMPREssus. Lea. — Sym. C. Lea on ZJ. 1. p. 64. t. 12. f. 22. Transverse, much compressed, elliptical, inequilateral, thin, posteriorly rounded, beaks slightly elevated, not decorticated, crowned with small double concentric elevations, tips almost white ; anterior dorsal edge rather elevated and angulated at its extremity : cuticle olive green with broad rays all over the disc, nacre pale salmon becoming bluish near the margin ; cardinal tooth promi- nent, lateral small. 2| . . 1 -^^. — Ohio. 1 To this division belongs the genus Hyria of Lamarck. ~ Add likewise the Lymnadia Gigas of Swainson. tribe nayades. 1/5 Section B. — Non-Symphonote. * Plicated. U. NiCKLiNiANUs. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. 5. t. \. Subtriangular, inequilateral, very thick, oblique, very much spread out, with an elevated wing, flattened towards the beaks, very much undulated even to the point of the beak (except near the anterior and ventral edges) ; cuticle dark brown, nacre pearly white ; teeth very thick, the lateral curved. 5 . , 5-|. — China ? U. CcELATus. Conr. N. F. W. S. of Am. 7?. 29. t. 3, /. 4. Subtriangular, very inequilateral, rough, much compressed, with a broad furrow from the beaks to the base, (except the umbo and posteriorly), covered with small irregular interrupted undulations which ai'e profound behind the umbonal slope, with distant slight concentric grooves ; umbones much flattened, beaks prominent ; cuticle dark olive, obscurely rayed, nacre white and irridescent : teeth thick. — Tennessee. U. Herds. Say. — U. Multiplicatus. Lea. on U. I. p. 80. t. 4. f. 2. — U. Ligamentinus. (old) Lam? — Undu- LATUS. Say. Am. Con. t. 16. Trapezoidal, inequivalve, trans- verse, compressed ventrally and anteriorly, very thick, adorned except posteriorly with broad undulations diverging from the um- bonal slope, those near the carinated dorsal edge curving towards it ; beaks slightly prominent, the umbones flattened : ligament large long and curved ; cuticle black and much wrinkled, nacre pearly white and irridescent : cardinal teeth thick, lateral long and curved. 3^ . . 5f. — Ohio. U. Undulatus. Barnes, in Sil. J. 6. t. 2. f. 2. — U. Cos- TATus. Co7i7'. Mon. U. t. 7. Rhombic- ovate, thick, with nume- rous large waving oblique folds (except on the posterior side which is very short obtusely rounded and merely marked by the transverse wrinkles which become lamellar anteriorly) ; cuticle blackish brown ; nacre pearly white, irregularly spotted mth brownish green ventral edge little arcuated, not incurved : beaks not pro'^xnent, eroded: cardinal teeth very thick, direct, sulcated. 32, .4|.— O/mo. U. Plicatus. Say. in Ency. Amer. — Barnes. ^' Hildr. in Sil. J. — U. Peruviana. Lam. 4. — Raraplicata. Lam. 5. — Dombeiana. Valen. in Humholdt. Voy. — U. Undulatus & MuLTiPLiCATUS. Dcsli. Suboval, thick, ponderous, with two or three more conspicuous undulations, which are profound very oblique continued to the anterior ventral edge and not arising from the decorticated umbo : nacre pearly. 176 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. U. Trapezoides. Lea. on U. 1. p. 79. t. 3. /. 1.— U. Interruptus. Say. Ann. C t. 33. — U. Crassidens. Va?-. A. Lain. 3. Trapezoidal, inequilateral, thick, transverse, ante- riorly angular above and below, posteriorly obliquely rounded ; anterior portion with oblique subparallel large plaits, its slope large and keeled ; beaks slightly prominent, incurved : cuticle black and wrinkled, nacre purple and irridescent : cardinal teeth double in both valves, lateral, curved, and lamelliform. 2^ . . 4-^^. — LouisianaA U. FoLiATUS. Hildreth. in Sil. J. 14. /. 16. — U. Flex- uosus. Conrad, in text. — Foliatus in plate A 3Ionog. Com- pressed and shaped like a grape-leaf, the posterior ventral margin having a projecting lobe, on either side of which the edge is incurved anteriorly, rounded posteriorly, beaks flat and eroded, ligament more elevated than the beaks and passing between them ; dorsal margin curved : two elevated ridges from the beaks pro- jecting on the anterior dorsal and ventral margins : cuticle dark olive, waved transversely, and obscurely rayed with green across the waves : cardinal teeth small, that in the right valve deeply sulcated, the lateral teeth short and thick : nacre greenish white. 2. — United States. U. Pliciferus. Lea. on U.2.p. 61. t. ]?./. 53. Elliptical, inequilateral, somewhat inflated, with numerous small folds on the anterior side and slope, thicker posteriorly : ligament short and light horn coloured, cuticle blackish green, nacre purple : teeth rather large, the lateral straight, l^^. • 2^V' — Mexico. U. Mtjltistriatus. Lea. on U. 1. p. 101. t. 12. /. 22. Subrectangular, transverse, inequilateral, slightly compressed and rounded nearly alike at both ends, rather thin ; beaks slightly prominent, surrounded by wrinkles forming acute angles with each other : ligament linear ; cuticle dark brown and wrinkled, nacre bluish white : cardinal tooth oblique, lamelliform, single in the left and double in the right valve, the lateral long and nearly straight. 1 .. \-^^.~ Brazil. U. SuBTENTtis. Say. J. A. N. S. Phil. 5. §• Am. Con. t. 15. Oblong-oval, subcompressed, slightly contracted at the middle of the base, dull yellowish brown ; beaks not prominent, decorti- cated : dorsal edge regularly arcuated, without any appearance of an angle : anterior margin with numerous slightly reflected ribs. H . . 31. — North America. U. Co^fRADICus. Lea. Trans. Am. Ph. 5. t. 9. ./. 23. Elongated-elliptic, transverse, rounded and short posteriorly, attenu- ated anteriorly, ligamental edge straight, ventral entire and little ^ Lamarck's CASXALiiE belong to this section; TRIBE NAYADES. 177 arcuated ; thin, indistinctly folded on the anterior parts, beaks finely undulated at the tip : cuticle finely wrinkled, yellowish brown with numerous indistinct greenish rays which anteriorly are disposed to be clouded ; nacre white posteriorly, anteriorly irri- descent, brownish purple in the cavity : cardinal teeth small and erect, the lateral ill defined. ^ . . l^. U. AcuTissiMus. Lea. on U. 1. p. 99. t. 10. f. 18. SmaU, narrow elliptical, inequilateral, transverse, very thin, acutely angu- lated anteriorly, with undulations diverging from the umbonal slope ; beaks slightly prominent ; ligament linear ; cuticle yellow smooth and shining, nacre salmon coloured ; cardinal teeth small, the lateral long and straight. J . . l-p'j. — R. Alabama. U. MuRCHisoNiANUS. Lea. Trans. Ph. Am. 5. t. 2>. f. 6. — U. DouGLASi^. Gray. Narrow-elliptical, transverse, thin- nish, angular and produced anteriorly, ligamental edge straightish, ventral edge incurved, beaks and umbones plicated, umbonal slope subcarinated and rough with the angles of the folds ; ligament narrow and yellow : cuticle dark green, nacre splendidly pearly, shghtly salmon coloured and irridescent : cardinal teeth double in both valves, the lateral straight. | . . 1^^^. — China. U. Grayanus. Lea. Transi. Am. Ph. 5. t. 9. J". 26. Lanceolate, very transverse, thin, rounded posteriorly, very produced and very acutely angular anteriorly, plicate about the beaks and the anterior .side, flattened on the sides, ventral edge slightly incurved in the middle and little arcuated ; umbonal slope ridged, green, the beaks depressed : cuticle yellowish with obsolete rays, nacre pearly and irridescent : cardinal teeth double in both valves and erect, the lateral very long thin and nearly straight, ^. . 3^^. — China. U. PoNDEROsus. Lea. — Mya P. D. p. 51. — Mya Crassa. Wood. G. C. t. 20. /. 21.— TF. t. 2. /. 28. Ovate, ponderous, narrow anteriorly and truncated towards the cartilage slope, the beaks decorticated ; cuticle dark brown, longitudinally wrinkled in tM'o different directions : primary tooth very strong shutting into a corresponding cavity. 3^ . . 6. — China. * * Nodulous. U. Lachrymosus. Lea. on U. 1. f. 14. t. 6. f. 8. Sub- quadrangular transverse, rather depressed and rounded posteriorly, thick, anteriorly angular above and below : beaks recurved, approxi- mate ; not decorticated, covered with delicate raised points which radiate and enlarge in tear -like drops, leaving however untouched an oblique channel running anteriorly to the ventral margin ; cuticle yellowish green, very smooth, posteriorly slightly rayed, nacre pearly white and silvery. It^ • • ^z- — Ohio. 178 TESTACEOUS MOLLXJSCA. U. AsPERRiMUS. Lea. on U. 1. ]). 81. t. 5./. 3. — Tr.Am. Ph. 4. t. 5. — U. QuADRULUs. Say. Am. Con. t. 53. Subquadran- gular, thick, inequilateral ; anteriorly biangular, with a broad smooth obtuse keel from the elevated beaks to the ventral margin, the slope and also the posterior edge of the keel nodulous : cuticle fuscous (in the young, yellowish brown with obsolete rays) nacre pearly and irridescent : cardinal teeth very large, lateral large and nearly straight. 3| . . 4|. — Ohio. U. ^RAGOSUS. Conr. Mon. U. p. 12. t. 6. f. 2. Suborbicular inclining to subquadrate,subeqviilateral, ventricose ; anterior margin direct and obtusely forming an angle with the oblique and nearly straight ligamental edge ; with an indistinct narrow furrow (form- ing a deep sinus at its termination) and two approximate series of very prominent irregular tubercles, anterior slope slightly concave, with a few narrow rib-like tubercles more prominent near the margin ; umbo narrow, prominent ; beaks much incurved, pointed, tuberculated : cuticle brown, usually with two or three broad, widely interrupted green rays. 2 . , 2^. — Ohio. U. Philipsii. Conr. Mon. t. b. f. 1. j). 9. Subovate, pos- teriorly rounded ; anterior side narrowed angulated above and below with a wide furrow and a few small tubercles, extremity Bubincurved : umbonal slope straight, subcarinated and tubercu- lated ; anterior slope concave, indistinctly tuberculated ; ligamental edge oblique, rectilinear : ventral edge swelling centrally incurved in front ; cuticle yellowish brown, with indistinct filiform rays over the rather prominent umbo, disc with a single row of irregular tubercles in the centre, some of which are elongated and grooved : inside white, cardinal teeth rather small, direct, double in each valve. If . . 2. — JR. Wabash, N. America. U. PusTULATUs. Lea. 071 U. 1. p. 89. t. 7. f. 9. Rounded- obovate, transverse, equilateral, inflated, thick, simply rounded posteriorly, the granulated anterior and the anterior ventral edge incurved : with two vei'tical rows of tubercles, one nearly central, the other along the umbonal slope ; beaks elevated, ligament short and thick ; cuticle yellowish brown, nacre white and irridescent : cardinal teeth large, lateral short and straightish. l-j^^. . 2^^. — Ohio. U. ScHOOLCRAFTENSis, Lea. Tr. Ph. Am. t. 3. f. 9. — U. Prasinus. Conr. Transversely obovate, compressed, thickish, slightly tuberculated behind the umbonal slope, anteriorly longer and angulated above and below ; beaks elevated, ligament short : cuticle yellow with the rays green and broad (particularly the central one) ; nacre pearly white and irridescent ; cardinal teeth elevated, the lateral straight and lamellar. 1to'"W%- — -^• America. U. Apiculatus. Say. Am. C. t. 52. Subquadrate, the dia- meters subequal, obtusely subangulated, compressed and rather TRIBE NAYADES. 179 longer at the anterior side whose margin is generally retuse ; pos- terior side simply rounded, ventral margin incurved before the middle ; yellowish or brownish olive, the entire surface studded with small subequal more or less rounded or transverse protube- rances arranged in lines which in front of the strongly raised umbonal ridge incline towards the ligament and anterior margin, are angulated in the groove and on the middle, and thence curve posteriorly : umbones not very prominent ; within pearly white, irridescent anteriorly. — N. America. U. AsPER. Lea. on U. I. p. 95. t. 9./. 15.— T^r. Am. Ph. 4. t. 9._/. 15. Subquadrate, broader than long, inequilateral, ante- riorly angulated, thick, covered with small rough tubercles excejit in an oblique furrow from the beak to the ventral margin which is there arcuated ; beaks slightly prominent ; ligament short and thick : cuticle brown and wrinkled, nacre pearly white ; cardinal teeth rather large, lateral slightly curved. If. . 1^. — li. Alabama. U. DoRFEuiLLiANUs. Lea. on U. 2. p. 73. t. \7.f. 54. Sub- triangular, inflated, tuberculated, inequilateral, very thick ; beaks large, very prominent, recurved : ligament short and thick : cuticle dark brown and transversely striated, nacre white ; dorsal edge anteriorly very oblique, posteriorly very short and deeply incurved : cardinal teeth large and erect, lateral short and curved. 24 . . 2^"^. — Ohio. U. Stapes. Lea. on U. 1. p. 87. t. 7. f. 8. Tr. Am. 4. t. 7. f. 8. Subtriangular, subequilateral, thick, rounded posteriorly ; anterior slope truncated undulated, nearly perpendicular, flat except just behind the short and thick ligament : posteriorly with trian- gular tubercles whose angle is directed ventrally ; umbonal slope tuberculated, the umbones flattened; cuticle yellow, slightly wrinkled, furnished with indistinct small pencil-like markings, nacre pearly white ; cardinal teeth rather large, lateral distinct from the cardinal and pointing to the ventral margin. Ig . . If. — i?. Alabama. U. Metanever. Lea. — Con. Man. U. p. 10. t. o.f. 2.—Baf. — U. NoDosus (?"?i. Sil. J. 6. t. f. 7.) and Rugosus. Barnes. Subquadrate, thick, ventricose, posteriorly rather shorter and rounded above and below ; studded except near the edge with large irregularly disposed tear-like tubercles ; anteriorly angulated above and below, the incurved edge obtusely forming a rectangle with the almost direct ligamental edge, ventral edge scarcely arcu- ated ; disc with an oblique radiating furrow ; umbonal slope very prominent, broad, rounded, and rough with numerous tubercles (some very large) : anterior slope wide, concave or angular, with oblique slightly recurved series of rib-like tubercles : umbo slightly prominent, beaks retuse : cuticle yellowish brown with interrupted green rays ; within white. 1| . . 2. — N. America. U. Cornutus. Barnes, in Sil. J. G. t. 4.f. 5. — U. Reflexus. N 2 180 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. Conr. Mon. t. 4. /. 1. Rounded-triangular, anteriorly angulated, posteriorly rounded and shorter, ventral edge well rounded, beaks somewhat' elevated, with the ligament passing between them; anterior slope compressed, bounded by a roundish elevated ridge, marked by small transverse subnodulous wrinkles and obsolete longitudinal grooves : surface waved, a longitudinal row of large distant elevated transversely compressed tubercles divides the shell into two subequal parts : nacre pearly white and irridescent : cardinal teeth sulcated. 1 1 . . 1 ^ —N. America. U. Pustuloses. Lea. on U. 1. p. 86. t. 7 . f. 7. Quadrate, as long as broad, equilateral, inflated, anteriorly with large irregular long tubercles, thick ; beaks elevated and granular at the tip : liga- ment short and thick, epidermis bright brown with a single broad interrupted ray in the middle, nacre pearly white and irridescent : cardinal teeth rather large, lateral short thick and straight. — Ohio. U. TuRGiDUS. Lea. on U.2.p. 11. t. 5./. 11. — U. Mortoni. Conr. Mon. U. t. 6. ./. 1. Subrotund, inflated, subequilateral, thick, subangular anteriorly, tubercles small crowded on the um- bones and scattered near the margin ; beaks elevated, ligament short and thick : cuticle dark brown, nacre white and irridescent : cardinal teeth large and compressed, lateral short and nearly straight. Ito • • ^l- — ■^^''^ Orleans. U. CooPERiANUS. Zm. Trans. Am. Ph. 5. t. S.f. 21. Sub- orbicular, transverse, oblique, thick, anteriorly much longer and irregularly tuberculated ; beaks thick and elevated ; ligament rather short and thick : cuticle wrinkled, dark rusty brown, rays scarcely visible, nacre flesh coloured and white ; cardinal teeth rather large, lateral rather short, thick and straight. 2* . . 31. — Ohio. U. Verrucosus. Barnes, in SiJ. J. 6. t. 5.f. 6.— U. Tubercu- losa. Valen. in Humbs. voy. t. 53. f. 2. — Tuberculatus. Conr. Mon. t. 22. Very inequilateral, thick, rounded posteriorly, biangu- lated and subtruncated anteriorly ; ligament deeply inserted between the valves ; hinge margin nearly straight, compressed, alated, heel- shaped, making an obtuse angle with the anterior ; ventral edge arcuated ; cuticle light green (usually tinged with reddish brown), studded anteriorly with irregular transversely compressed tubercles : cardinal teeth crenated or sulcated : nacre brownish red with a tinge of blue or light chocolate (rarely pearly white,) slightly irri- descent anteriorly, posterior scar deep and rough. H^ . . l-j%. U. Graniferus. Lea. on U. 2. j). C9. t. 19. /. 60. Subrotund, longer than broad, inflated, ponderous, sulcated on the anterior slope, tubercles not numerous rather small disposed to be erect and transverse ; beaks very prominent ; cuticle dark brown, nacre chocolate coloured ; cardinal teeth large, lateral short and straightish. ]_T_ ^ _ 2^. Ohio. 'u! NoDULOSus. Lea.—Uxx N. Wood. G. C. t. 22. /. 1, 2, TRIBE NAYADES. 181 3, A.—D. p. 52.— TF. t. 2. /. 29. Suboval, thick, covered with tubercular knobs uniting into waved masses near the margin ; cuticle bottle green, umbones decorticated ; nacre pearly white, hinge with a clumsy strong crenated tooth ; scars deep, crenated. 2. U. Irroratus. Lea. on U. 1. p. 11. t. 5. J'. 5- — Tr. Am. Ph.3.t.5. — Eaton. — Verrucosus Albus. Hildr. Suborbicular, longitudinal, inequilateral, extremely thick and swollen, dorsal edge rounded; ventral rounded and slightly emarginated : beaks some- what elevated, recurved, decorticated ; cuticle really yellow but so covered with dark green radiating spotted lines as to appear olive ; discs transversely and deeply wrinkled, with a slight radiating furrow ; tubercles slightly raised numerous and generally seated on the wrinkles : nacre pearly white and silvery : termination of the lateral tooth abrupt. 1^^ • • If- — Oliio. U. Dromas. Lea. Trans. Am. Ph 5. t. 10. /. 29. Subtri- angularly suborbicular, suboblique, gibbous, very thick, very short posteriorly ; irregularly and transversely folded at the stages of growth, an oblique furrow before the umbonal slope ; beaks thick and elevated, hgament short and dark, umbones with a gibbosity ; cuticle yellow with numerous dark green dotted rays and posteriorly with about six rather broad ones, nacre pearly white : cardinal teeth wide, the lateral short and thick. 1^ . . 1^%. — Tennessee. U. ^sopus. Green. Cant, of Mac. Ly. 1827. t. 3.— U. Cicatricosus. Conr. (not Say.) — U. Varicosus, Conr. {jiot Lea.) Ovate, compressed attenuated and obtusely angular anteriorly, rounded and short posteriorly, ventral edge anteriorly sinuous : transversely striated and wrinkled on the disc ; beaks decorticated and not prominent ; a neai-ly central radiating gibbosity or nodulous ridge produced by the strise at that point becoming thick and tuberculated : cuticle glossy, tawny (in the young spotted and rayed with brown) nacre white and pearly : teeth thick and striated. — N. America. U. Varicosus. Lea. on U. \.p. 100. t. 11. /. 20. — Cicatri- cosus 1 Say. Subelliptical, oblique, thick, anteriorly compressed, varicose, with transverse concentric elevations ; beaks nearly terminal, elevated, incurved ; ligament long and large ; cuticle reddish l)rown, nacre pearly white : cardinal teeth rather small, the lateral long large and nearly straight. 3 . .4i. — Ohio. U.Perplexus. Lea. on U.l.p. 122. t. \7 .f. A2.—Tr. Am. Ph. 4. t. 7 .f. 42. — GiBBOsus. Conr. Ovate, oblique, inequilateral, thick, having an iiTegular nodulous line near the middle which stretches obliquely from the beaks to the ventral margin : umbonal slope irregularly wrinkled, posteriorly to which is a wide slightly impressed furrow ; beaks prominent rounded and close to the posterior end : ligament slender and rather long : cuticle smooth shining, yellowish, with numerous small crowded green rays cover- 182 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. ing almost the whole disc, nacre milk white : cardinal teeth rather small, the lateral long and straightish. \^q..2^. — Ohio.^ U. Granosus. Brug. Journ, H.N. 1. t. 6. /. 3, 4. — Lam. 37. — E. t. 249. f. 2. Obovate, convex- depressed, reddish brown, anteriorly broader and rounded ; with oblique granular strise, the granules crowded : nacre bluish white. If. — Guiana. U. TuBERCULATus. Bames. in Sil. J. 6. t. 7. f. 8. — Eaton. — Hildr. in Sil. J. 14. Ovate-oblong, thick and rugged, anteriorly produced compressed attenuated and rounded at the tip, posteriorly short rounded and obtuse ; beaks flat and lower than the ligament : cuticle dark brown with longitudinally elongated tubercles, anterior slope bordered by a ridge from whence proceed deep and irregular nodulous undulations ; nacre white, cardinal teeth crenated, the lateral long and striated. 2f . . 4|-. — N. America. V. Nov^ HoLLANDi^. Gray. Z. P. 1834. Oblong-elon- gated, slender, solid : posteriorly subcompressed, smooth rounded ; anteriorly subventricose, produced, with large unequal tubercles disposed in curved radiating rows : the disc silvery and spotted with purple, the ventral margin posteriorly very thick : posterior cardinal tooth small, little elevated, bituberculated ; anterior teeth small and placed vinder the anterior edge of the cartilage : cuticle thick and black. River Macquarrie, New Holland. U. Cylindricus. Say. in Enc. Am. Nich, Conch, t. 4.f. 3. — Eaton. — Hildr. — U. Naviformis. Lam. — Reeve, t. 89. Transversely oblong, straight, posteriorly very short and rounded, ligamental edge very long and straight, ventral edge incurved in the middle ; anteriorly angulated above and below and emarginate at the tip : beaks not prominent and as well as the anterior slope (which is bounded by a broad flattened umbonal ridge) undulated : cuticle yellow speckled with angular black marks, nacre pearly white, teeth crested. 1^..3 — Ohio. * * * Spirious. U. Spinosus. Lea. on U. 2. p. 57. t. 16. J". 50. — Jay. Cat. ed. 3. pi. 5. Subtriangular, inflated, inequilateral, acutely angular anteriorly, thickish, beaks scarcely prominent, cuticle dark brown and shining, armed with a few long and thick spines : cardinal teeth inclining downwards, the lateral rather large and curved : nacre purple. If . . S-^o' — Georgia in America. * * * * Smooth. f Triangular. U. ARCiEFORMis. Lea. on U. I. p. 126. t. 17- f. 44.— Nexus. Say. Am. C. t. 51. Subtriangular, very ventricose. Add likewise the U. Leeai of Gray. TRIBE NAYADES. 183 transverse, inequilateral, very thick, posteriorly rounded, anteriorly attenuated and obtusely subangulated ; the beaks very broad, promi- nent and incurved ; anterior slope very wide and nearly flat, with a curved widening furrow, anterior ventral edge incurved ; cuticle yellowish brown with numerous hair-like rays, nacre white : cardinal teeth thick, lateral short and straight. 2 . . 2^. — R. Tennessee. U. Triangularis. Barnes. Sil. J. 6. t. 13. f. 17. — Eat. — Hild. — Saij. Am. C. t. 4. — Formosus. Lea. on U. 1. {nude) p. 121. — 2V. A7)i. Ph. 4. t. 17. f. 42. — Cuneatus. Swain, in Phil. 3Ia(). 1823. Triangular, very convex, gaping at the extre- mities, the dorsal line forming a rectangle at the beaks, the ventral edge simply arcuated and subincurved anteriorly, extremities rounded; anterior slope very much compressed ; beaks broad, pale yellowish olivaceous with green rays of interrupted lines and spots which are sometimes sagittate (disappearing near the margin in old specimens) ; longitudinal slightly elevated lines cross the transverse wrinkles. \^ . . If. — North America. U. Elegans. Lea. on U. I. p. 93. t. 19./. 13.— Tr. Am. Ph. 4. t. 9.f. 13. Subtriangular, transverse, subequilateral, thick but thinner and acutely angular anteriorly, flattened over the umbones : cuticle yellowish green with numerous rays formed of zigzag radiat- ing lines, nacre pearly white and irridescent, rarely rose coloured : beaks incurved, flattened and nearly touching : ligament short and thick : cardinal teeth large and elevated, the lateral nearly straight. I|..l-i^f6^0/«0. U. DoNACiroRMis. Lea. on U. \. p. 9, (cj* Tr. Am. 3.) t. A.f. 3. Inequilateral, cuneiform, transverse, wrinkled, of moderate thickness pointed anteriorly, rounded posteriorly ; cuticle olive with green rays ; nacre pearly white : beaks anteriorly angulated, not decorticated, almost touching : anterior dorsal edge subcarinated : cardinal tooth very prominent. 1 . . IJ — Ohio. U. ZiczAC. Lea. on U. I. p. 54. th2.f. 19.— Tr. Am. Ph. 3. f. 19. — Eat. Ovate, inequilateral, ventricose, thickish, not at all angulated : beaks rather prominent, often eroded ; ligament short and thick, cuticle yellowish covered with rays composed of fine zigzag green lines, nacre pearly white ; cardinal teeth large and erect, the lateral curved, /q . . \\. — Ohio. U. Heterodon. Lea. on U. \. p. 42. t. S.f. 11. — Tr. Am. Ph. 3. t. S.f. 11. Rhomboidal-ovate, inequilateral, ventricose, thin, transverse, rounded posteriorly, anteriorly angulated and broader : dorsal edge straightish ; cuticle wrinkled, greenish brown with oblique obscure rays, nacre white ; beaks prominent : cardinal teeth compressed and white, the lateral slightly curved, the double tooth in the right valve, -j^^^ . . 1^. — Pennsylvania. U. Penitus. Com: N. F. W. S. p. 33. t. 5./. 1. Tri- 184 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. angular, very thick, ventricose, umbones flattened, beaks promi- nent and rounded, umbonal slope angulated ; anterior margin flat- tened, a broad convex elevation marked with radiating prominent lines (vk^hich dentate the margin) and concentric grooves projecting ventrally : cuticle olivaceous and wrinkled, nacre very white : liga- ment very short : cardinal teeth double in both valves, thick, prominent sulcated and granulated. 2j. — R. Alabama. U. Securis, Zea. on. U. 1. p. 5\. t. \l. f. 17. — H^at. — U. Depressa. HaJ". not. Lam. Subtriangular heart-shaped, in- equilateral, flattened over the umbones, thick ; beaks elevated, recurved, much compressed : ligament shortish and thick : cuticle olive yellow passing into olive brown, shining and transversely wrinkled, nacre pearly white and irridescent. 1^ . . 1to'~ Ohio. U. Camelus. Lea. Trans. Am. Ph. 5. t. 15. f. 45. Trans- verse, subtriangular, thick ; rounded, short and very attenuated posteriorly ; flattened over the umbones from the beaks to the ventral margin, which is little arcuated and incurved in the middle ; anteriorly subcuneiform, cuticle yellowish brown with capillary rays, nacre white ; cardinal teeth small, the lateral large thick and curved. 2-^^ . . 3f . — Ohio. U. OvATus. Say. in Enc. Am. Nich. — Lam. — Conr. Mon. 2. f. 1, 2, 3. — Barnes, Obovate, convex, not thick, deeply wrinkled, glossy, umbones prominent, epidermis yellowish or horn coloured, rayless ; anterior slope flattened and fuscous, some- what waved with striee, and wrinkles which become lamellar : hinge-margin making an angle with the anterior and posterior dorsal edges ; nacre pearly, bluish white : beaks subcentral, recurved; teeth elevated, the cardinal compressed and crestlike. 2^^..3^^.~Ohio. U. SuBOVATUs. Lea. on U. 1. p. 128. t. 18. /. AQ. Sub- ovate, transverse, inflated, thick, inequilateral : beaks elevated, incurved and undulated at the tips ; ligament short and thick : cuticle yellowish with numerous oblique green rays, nacre white and very pearly : cardinal teeth double in both valves and erect, the lateral short and lamelliform. 3 . . 4i. — Ohio. U. Crassidens. Lam. — U. Niger. Co7ir. Mon. U. t. 26. — U. CuNEATus. Barnes. Elongated and subtriangular, ponderous, anteriorly narrowed wedge-shaped and compressed ; umbones somewhat elevated, beaks low and distant : anterior de- pression elongated, heart-shaped and furrowed, the ventral edge slightly rounded : cuticle blackish brown, somewhat ferruginous : an elevated ridge from the beaks anteriorly : nacre brownish purple and irridescent ; cardinal teeth deeply divided and sulcated, the lateral long curved and not thick. 2^^ . . 3^. — North America. U. Carbonarius. Lea. on. U. 2. p. 37. U^ in Tr. Am. Ph. 4.) TRIBE NAYADES. 185 t. 11. y. 32. Subtriangular, transverse, swollen, inequilateral, thick, ventral margin centrally incurved, anterior side rounded; beaks rather prominent : cuticle black and (apparently) without rays, nacre purple and irridescent : cardinal teeth rather large, lateral small and somewhat curved. 11.. 2|^. — Mexico. U. Gibber. Lea. on U. 2. j). 35. t. 10. /. 30. Triangular, compressed, inequilateral, transverse, anteriorly somewhat tri- angular and elevated on the dorsal edge, thickish, ventral edge centrally incurved : beaks rather prominent, ligament short, cuticle dark brown, (apparently) not rayed, nacre salmon coloured : car- dinal teeth small, the lateral inclined. 4 . . l-A. — Tennessee. U. PuMiLis. Lea. on U. 2. p. 23. t. 7 . f. 17. Subtriangular, transverse, inequilateral, thinnish, anteriorly subbiangular and its dorsal edge straightish ; beaks somewhat prominent : ligament short : cuticle dark brown, nacre white : cardinal teeth large, the lateral short and straight. ^. . lyL. — JV". Carolina. U. RuBiGiNOsus. Lea. on. U. \.j). 41. t. S.f. 10. — Tr. Am. Ph. 3. t.S.f. 10. Inequilateral, transverse, subventricose thickish, obovate, posterior and ventral edges rounded, anterior incurved, anterior dorsal sloping ; beaks prominent, incurved, anteriorly sub- angulated : cuticle rusty or salmon-yellow (wrayed when young,) nacre salmon coloured ; cardinal tooth large, the lateral thick. 2i^..2i^.-Ohio. U. Barnesianus. Lea. on U. 2. p. 31. t. 10. _/". 36. Sub- triangular, compressed, inequilateral thick : beaks rather promi- nent : cuticle chesnut brown with interrupted green rays and strong marks of growth ; nacre white and irridescent : cardinal teeth small, the lateral nearly straight. 1 . . If. — Tennessee. U. PiLEUs. Lea. on U. 1. p. 129. t. 18./. 47. — Tr. Am. Ph. 4. t. 18. f. 47. Subtriangular, ventricose, thick, posteriorly rounded, angular anteriorly, longitudinally furrowed in front of the urabonal slope which is flattened on the ridge, the furrow causing a slight emargination on the ventral margin ; beaks prominent and rounded at the tip : ligament short and thick : cuticle yellowish brown, wrinkled, rays numerous and hair-like, nacre pearly white and irridescent ; cardinal teeth large, lateral shortish and slightly curved. 1 ^. . 1^. — Ohio. U. Sowerbiantjs. Lea. — Trans. Am. Ph. 5. t. 10./. 28. Subtriangular, thick, inflated, singularly compressed on the an- terior part which is filled with strise from the anterior and the anterior ventral edges, the posterior part being inflated and smooth ; slightly emarginate at anterior ventral edge: beaks large and very prominent; ligament short and thick ; cuticle bright brown, smooth and shining behind, striate before, nacre very light purple ; cardinal teeth large, the lateral thick and nearly straight. 1^^ . . l^. — Tennessee. U. Trigonus. Lea. on U. 1. p- 120. (n. — Conr. Mon. tl. p. 5. t. 3./. 1. — Modio- LiFORMis of Say. (not Lea.) — U. Scalenius. Haf. Ami. de Sc. Phy. b. t. S\. f. 24, 5. Cuneiform, very oblique ; anterior side produced, compi-essed, with an oblique furrow rapidly widen- ing from the umbo ; ligamental margin arcuated, very oblique ; umbo elevated, narrowed, inclining posteriorly, beaks curved to a point, terminal ; epidermis wrinkled, olive yellow or brownish with interrupted rays over the umbo, disappearing by age ; inside white, irridescent anteriorly : cardinal tooth in the left valve, nearly parallel with the ligament margin. 1^ . . If. — N. America. U. Patulus. Lea. on U. 1. p. 55. (cj- Tr. Am. 3.) t. 12./. 20. Ovate, compressed, wedge-shaped, inequilateral, oblique, transverse, compressed on the umbones, tliickish, anteriorly attenuated, sloping from the beaks on both sides, posteriorly obtuse and very short : cuticle yellowish brown, wrinkled, with more or less broad inter- rupted rays, nacre pearly white ; cardinal tooth small, the lateral long and slightly curved. 1| . . 2^^. — OJiio. U. Ravenelianus. Lea. Trans. Am. Ph. 5. t. 3. f. 5. Trans- versely ovate, short and obliquely rounded posteriorly, subaugu- lated anteriorly ; ligamental edge straightish, ventral little arcuated ; ligament short and thick ; cuticle dark brown, finely wrinkled, nacre pearly white, partly irridescent ; teeth thick, the cardinal short, the lateral straight. jSj . . 1.^. — Tennessee. U. Rangianus. Lea. on U. 2. p. 95. (cj- Tr. Am. Ph.) t. 18. f. 5G. Obhque, somewhat compressed, obovate, very inequilateral, thickish, anteriorly very broad, rounded at both ends, dorsal edge straightish, ventral subincurved in the middle : beaks prominent ; 188 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. cuticle yellowish, covered with green rays, nacre white ; cardinal teeth small, the lateral long and straight. 1^ . . 1^. — Ohio. U. SuLCATUs. Lea. on U. I. p. 44. (^j- Tr. Am. PA. 3.) t. 8. f. 12. — LJat. — Say. Am. Con. t. 5. — Rudibundus {female). Say. Am. C. t. 5. — Eat. Subelhptic, short very thick, inequilateral, ventricose, ventral edge incurved anteriorly by an oblique hollow running from the beaks, which are nearly terminal obtuse eroded and prominent; cuticle olive brown, wrinkled, with numerous fine radiating hair-like lines, (except posteriorly), nacre purple : the teeth large and double in both valves. l-rV • • ^to- — Ohio. U. Haysianus. Lea. Trans. Am. Ph. 5. t. 3. f. 7. Sub- rotund, transverse, subventricose, scarcely thick, subequilateral, but rather longer anteriorly, dentated at the anterior ventral edge, de- pressed before the umbonal slope ; beaks thick and elevated : cuticle yellowish brown, very smooth and shining, the rays obsolete, nacre chocolate : cardinal teeth lobed, the lateral smooth and straight. ^. . !•■ — N. America. U. Ellipsis. Lea. on U.l. p. 10. (cj- Tr. Am. 3.) t. A.f. 4. — Eat. — Brevialis ? Sow. Elliptical, ventricose, very thick, rounded at both ends ; beaks all but terminal, decorticated ; surface somewhat wrinkled, the cuticle smooth and reddish brown, the nacre pearly white and silvery, teeth large and well defined, the cardinal crenulated. lyV • • ^t^o* — Ohio. U. Castaneus. Lea. on U. \. p. 101. (cj- Tr. Am. 4.) t. 11. y*. 21. Obovate, transverse, thick, oblique, inequilateral, inflated, rounded at both ends, ventral margin very convex, beaks prominent, ligament short ; cuticle dark brown, becoming yellowish, with a few rays anteriorly, nacre very pearly and irridescent : cardinal teeth large, lateral short and straightish. ■^. . . 1. — M. Alabama. •f f f Oval. U. Tampicoensis. Lea. on U. 2. p. 24. (Sf Tr. Am. Ph.) t. 7 .f. 18. Ovate, transverse, inflated, subcarinated, inequilateral, thick, beaks somewhat prominent, ligament large and long: cuticle blackish and ( apparently) rayless, nacre white and irridescent (rarely rose colour) : cardinal teeth large, lateral long straightish and large. 2| . . . A-^\. — Mexico. U. Lecontianus. Lea. on U. 2. j). 40. t. 12. /. 35. Ellip- tical, transverse, inequilateral, somewhat inflated, thick, ventral and dorsal edges straightish and subparallel, anterior side subbi- angular ; beaks slightly elevated ; cuticle yellowish brown and obscurely rayed, nacre pale salmon coloured, cardinal teeth small, the lateral long and separate. 1^^^ . . 2^. — Georgia in America. U. Perdix. Lea. Trans. Am. Ph. 5. t. l\. f. 31. Trans- verse, elliptical, inflated, thickish, anteriorly subangulated and rather longer, ligamental edge straight, ventral edge entire ; beaks TRIBE NAYADES. 189 slightly elevated and without undulations at the tip ; ligament short and thick : cuticle yellowish covered with irregularly in- terrupted rays, nacre pearly white and iri'idescent : cardinal teeth elevated, the lateral larger near their termination. 1-^^ . . 3-^^. — Te?inessee. U. Pectorosu?. Co7ir. N. F. W. p. 37. t. 6. f. 1. Oval, ventricose, not thick, anteriorly obtusely biangulated and longer ; umbonal slope subangulated, the space behind flattened, with an impressed line from the beaks to nearly the middle of the anterior margin : ventral edge arcuated and entire ; umbones wide and prominent, beaks slightly elevated ; cuticle brownish olive rayed with angular spots, nacre white : cardinal teeth direct, subpyi-ami- dal, prominent. 3. — Tennessee. U. Ventricosus. Barnes. Sil. J. 6. t. 14. f. 14. Large, thick, triangularly ovate, transverse, convex, the umbones large round and prominent, the beaks recurved, and the cavity capa- cious : smooth, anteriorly very broad and subtruncated, anteriorly rapidly narrowed, ventral edge entire and arcuated ; anterior slope longitudinally waved : cuticle yellowish olive becoming chesnut brown on the umbones (rayed when young with green) nacre dull white, cardinal teeth broad, prominent and obliquely flattened, the lateral broad elevated and abruptly ending anteriorly. 3| . . 4^. — JVorth America. U. Occidens. Lea. on U. 1. p. 49. (.j- Tr. Am. Ph. 3.) t. lO.y. 16. — Ventricosus. Say. Am. 6. t. 32. Inequilateral, transverse, ventricose, thick, rounded at both ends, posteriorly very narrow, anteriorly very broad ; beaks large, rounded, approximate, prominent, subundulated and rarely decorticated : ligament rather short and thick : cuticle olive yellow with oblique green rays, which are more crowded anteriorly, naci-e white: teeth elevated. 2j^q . . 3f . — Ohio. U. DoLABR^FORMis. Lca. 071 U. 2. p. 103. (Sf Tr. Am. Ph.) t. 24. f. 113. Elliptical, transverse, inequilateral, thick; dorsal edge incurved, posteriorly much lower and angulated at its extremity, ventral edge straightish in the middle ; beaks inflated and prominent : umbonal slope somewhat carinated and obscurely rayed : cuticle brown and finely wrinkled, nacre white and irridescent : cardinal teeth somewhat lamellar, the lateral long and lamellar. 3 . . 4^. — Georgia in America. U. Globosus. Lea. — Symphonota G. Trans. Am. Ph. b.t.A.f. 12. Transversely obovate, very globose, inequilateral, thinnish, pellucid, ventral edge much arcuated, hinge margin much curved and angulated at the extremities ; beaks very round, incurved ; cuticle very smooth and pale yellow, nacre pearly white and irridescent ; teeth lamellar, the lateral elevated. 2v . . 3\. — Ohio. 190 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. U. Splendidus. Lea. on U. 2, p. 70. t. 19. /. 61. Ellip- tical, very inflated, tliickish, inequilateral, ventral edge somewhat rounded ; beaks prominent, anterior slope with three indistinct ribs ; umbonal slope carinated : cuticle yellowish covered with numerous dark green rays, nacre rosy ; cardinal teeth somewhat compressed, the lateral separate and lamellar. \^^..2^ — Geor- gia in America. U. OcHRACEUS. Say. in Nic. Enc. Am. Cone. t. 2. f. 8. — Conr. 3Ion. U. t. 17. ./• 2. — Symphonota O. Lea. on U. 1: J). 69. Subovate, inequilateral, transversely wrinkled, inflated, thin, connate before the ligament which is not concealed, not winged ; beaks full and prominent, with several concentric undu- lations : cuticle glossy, varying from yellow ochre to brown ochre, with oblique rays which anteriorly are more numerous, nacre bluish white and ochraceous ; cardinal and lateral teeth forming a curved line. 1 y'o • • 2to • — Delaware. U. Cariosxjs. Say. Enc. Am. — Am. C. t. 3. f. 2. — Barnes. — Lam. — U. Luteola. Conr. Ovate or oval, not very thick, anteriorly longer, (and usually dilated) discs swelled, umbones elevated ; cuticle olive brown, or greenish, usually rayed with green, nacre bluish white, often white reddish rose or salmon ; ligament elevated : cavity moderate. 2 j^^^ . . /^ . — N. America. U. Perovatus. Conr. N. F. W. p. 47. t. 2. f. 3.—SiL Jour. 25. t. 1../". 3. Transverse, ovate, rather ventricose, thick but thinner on the anterior side, which is longer attenuated and ob- tusely subangulated above and below ; ventrally and posteriorly rounded, beaks rather elevated, approximated and undulated : cuti- cle olive, wrinkled on the margin, nacre white : cardinal teeth erect and prominent, not very thick. 2. — R. Alabama. U. Altilis. Conr. N. F. W. S. p. 43. t. 2. /. 1. Transverse, suboval, thin, inflated, beaks shghtly prominent and much dilated ; anteriorly longer dilated and obtusely siibangulated, ventral edge arcuated and entire, umbonal slope rounded, behind which is an obscure radiating rib: cuticle blackish, rugose, oHvaceous over the umbones and rayed with short vermicular lines on the anterior slope, nacre whitish and irridescent ; cardinal teeth subpyramidal, erect, the lateral distant. 2. — Alabama. U. MuLTiRADiATUS. Lea. on U. \.p. 48. t. 9./. 13.— U. Fas- cioLus. Conr. Mon. U . t. 11.,/- 2. — U. Ligamentina. Desk. Elliptical, transverse, inequilateral, ventricose, thin, anteriorly ob- tuse, posteriorly and ventrally rounded ; beaks prominent and slightly undulated, cuticle olive yellow covered with green rays, nacre bluish white : cardinal teeth erect and double in both valves, the lateral lamelliform and abrupt. I^l. . 2. — Ohio. U. Novi Eboraci. Lea. on U. 2. p. 104. t. 24./. 1 14. Ellip- tical, somewhat compressed, inequilateral, thickish, posteriorly TRIBE NAYADES. 191 obliquely rounded, ventx'al edge somewhat rounded : beaks some- what prominent, undulated at the tip ; cuticle yellow with green rays nearly over the disc ; nacre white and irridescent ; cardinal teeth lai'ge and erect, lateral long and straight, IxV • • ^i' — -^.) 11 . ./. 31. Elliptical, transverse, compressed, inequilateral, thick, ventral edge straightish, anterior edge incurved : beaks somewhat pro- minent : cuticle dark brown and (apparently) rayless, nacre salmon coloured and irridescent : cardinal teeth large, the lateral long and somewhat curved. 1^ , . \-S^. — Tennessee. U. Nashvillianus. Lea. Trans. Am. Pit. 5. t. 14. /. 43. Transversely elliptical, thickish, posteriorly rounded and short, ante- riorly produced and subacuminated, ventral and ligamental edges little arcuated: beaks slightly elevated and minutely undulated; ligament shortish : cuticle dark brown, obscurely rayed, nacre pearly white : cardinal teeth lamelliform and double in both valves, the lateral nearly straight. 1 1 . , 2^.— Ohio. U. ZiEGLERiANus. Lea. on U. 2. {Tr. Am. 6.) p. 32. /. 10. /. 27. Elliptical transverse, inequilateral, smooth, thickish, somewhat ^ Add likewise the U. Childreni. — Gray. o 194 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. prominent, with fine undulations at the tip ; ligament shortish : cuticle yellow, anteriorly with linear green rays, nacre purple and irridescent ; cardinal teeth small, the lateral small and straightish. 1 . . If. — Tennessee. U. LiENOSuSc Conr. in Sil. J. 25. t. \.f. 4. — Con. Mon. U. t. 49./". 1. Narrow-elliptical, ventricose, posteriorly thick short and rounded, anteriorly abruptly rounded at the ventral edge (which is little curved and entire) and subangulated at the end : beaks approximate, little elevated and corrugated ; concentric lines coarse and prominent ; cuticle very dark olive, and obscurely rayed, nacre from bluish white to deep salmon or purple : cardinal teeth oblique, rather compressed and double in both valves. 2^. — R. Alabama. U. Obscurus. Lea. on U. 2. (and Tr.Am. G.)p. 7-t. 3./. 7. Elliptical, transverse, inequilateral subinflated, thickish, ventral mar- gin and anterior dorsal edge straightish ; beaks irregularly undulated : cuticle yellowish brown, with linear darker rays anteriorly, nacre purple and white : cardinal teeth elevated, the lateral larger near their termination, 1-rV • • ^' — Tennessee. U. Delodontxjs. Lam. — U. Lacteolxjs. Lea. Tr. Am. 5. t. 8.y. 19. Elliptic, transverse, not thick, subinflated, posteriorly short narrow rounded, angulated anteriorly ; beaks rounded, having short radiating folds, ligament shortish: cuticle dark brown and wrinkled, nacre pearly and milk white ; cardinal teeth long and double in both valves, the lateral long and separate. 2 . . 3^. — La Plata. U. Lamellatus. Lea. on U. 2. (and Tr. Am. 6.) p. 19. t. 6. f. 16. Subovate, transverse, subinflated, glossy, very thin, dorsal edge straightish, angular at its extremities ; posteriorly much nar- rower and the ventral margin oblique and rounded : umbonal slope with two capillary subparallel raised lines : beaks scarcely prominent, minutely undulated : cuticle dark brown and rayless, nacre bluish : cardinal teeth long, thin, and lamellar, the lateral long thin and nearly straight. 1^ . • 2f . — Bengal. U. Bengalensis. Lea. on U. 2. (and Tr. Am. 6. ) p. 3. t. 2. f. 3. Elliptical, transverse, ineqvulateral, rather inflated, very thin, dorsal edge angular at both ends, ventral edge subincurved: beaks minutely undulated ; cuticle reddish brown, obscurely rayed : nacre purple : cardinal teeth thin and lamellar, the lateral rather long and linear. 1 y o • • 2^. — Bengal. U. Cceruleus. Lea. on U. \.p. 105. {and Tr. Am. Ph. 4.) t. 13. ,/"• 25. — Benson. Narrow elliptical, transverse, inequilateral, subcylindraceous, thin, ventral margin centrally straightish, dorsal edge anteriorly straight; beaks rather elevated, rounded, and undu- lated ; cuticle finely wrinkled and bluish green particularly anteriorly, rays very indistinct ; anterior slope with small undulations, and two irregular rays; nacre bluish white, pearly and irridescent: cardinal TRIBE NAYADES. 195 teeth laraelliform and double in the right valve only, the lateral straight. A. . 1|.— i?. Hoogly, Hindostan. U. Olivarius. Lea. on U. I. p. 118. (and Tr. Am. Ph. 4.) t. 16. f. 38. — Benson. Ovate-oblong, transverse, inequilateral, very thin, pellucid, smooth, anteriorly subattenuated, ventral edge somewhat rounded; beaks slightly elevated, rounded, not undulated ; ligament very small, cuticle olive, very smooth, rays obscure, nacre white and pearly : cardinal teeth large erect and lamelliform, lateral short and lamelliform. i . . 1^. — India. U. Batavus. Lam. 33. — Schroet. F'luss. t. 3. f. 5. — E. t. 248. f. 3. Ovate, tumid, shaded off from green to yellow, rayed, posterior side very short ; anterior obliquely curved, the extremity rounded, -ft. Seine, ^'c. — Thicker and more obtuse at the extre- mities than Pictorum.^ U. CuMBERLANDiANUs. Lea. 071 U. 2. (and Tr. Am. 6.) 23. 25. t. ?•,/' 19. Elliptical, transverse, inequilateral, thin, ventral edge rounded ; beaks somewhat prominent, ligament short ; cuticle yellow with numerous subequidistant narrow gi'eenish rays, nacre white and irridescent : cardinal teeth small, lateral long and straight. 4 . . l^. — Tennessee. - U. ViBEx. Conr. N. F. W. S. 31. t. 4./. 3. Elliptical, ven- tricose, thinnish, anteriorly dilated, very oblique and arcuated, posteriorly rounded but angulated on the dorsal edge : ligament margin slightly elevated, umbonal slope rounded : cuticle yellowish olive, clouded with brown, anteriorly with green interrupted linear 1 Mr. Lea in his synopsis of Uniones, (a work whose outlines are but filled up in the present monograph), gives as synonyms of this deceptive species. <*U. Batavus of Fleming, PfeifFer, Wood, Maton, Dilwyn, Turton — Pictorum of Montagu and of Draparnand, t. ll.y. 3. — U. Riparia and Gibba of PfeifFer. — U. Sinuatus and Planus of Studer.— U. Fusculus of Muhl. — U. Reniformis, Schmidt.— U. De- curvatus, Rossmasler. — U. Fuscus, Consentaneus and Amnicus Zieg." — I am afraid that Mr. Lea is scarcely correct in his ideas of our European Uniones. Assuredly the above synonyms seem to me so strangely united, that I have not ventured to add one iota to the brief description and scanty references of Lamarck. As this shell has been generally considered British, from trusting to the figures in Wood and Turton, it may be as well to observe, that I have reason to believe that the former was copied from Schrceter's Fluss- conchylien, t. 3. _/. 4. (and not from a British shell), whilst the latter is stated by Mr. Gray, to have been delineated from the former. 2 Add likewise the U. Smithii. — trray. 196 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. rays ; nacre bluish white, anteriorly irridescent : cardinal teeth direct, prominent, pyramidal. 2. — R. Alabama. U. MuHLFELDiANus. Lea. Tr. Am. 6.f. 36. p. 41. Elliptical, rather compressed, transverse, inequilateral, thickish, rounded at both ends, ventral and anterior dorsal edge straightish : beaks rather prominent, finely undulated : cuticle yellowish with dark green rays anteriorly, nacre white and irridescent ; cardinal teeth rather small and erect, lateral long and erect. ly\ . . 2-^^. — Tennessee. T U. Cresserus. Lea. on U. 2. (aiid Tr. Am.6.) p. 33. f. 10. J\ 28. SubeUiptical, very transverse, very inequilateral, thickish, ventral edge little rounded and rather sinuated, anterior dorsal edge straightish, anterior edge incurved ; beaks rather prominent and undulated at the tip, retuse : cuticle dark green, obscurely rayed : cardinal teeth small and elevated, the lateral obscure ; naci'e white. l|..2j''o. — Tennessee. U. Glaber. Lea. on U. 2. (and Tr. Atn. 6.) 34, i'. j). 10. f. 29. Elliptical, transverse, compressed, smooth and shining, inequi- lateral, thin; beaks somewhat prominent, with fine nearly parallel undulations at the tip ; ligament short: cuticle smooth yellow with numerous fine rays over nearly the whole disc : cardinal teeth small and elevated, the lateral long. ^ . . l^. — Tennessee. U. HiLDRETHiANus. Lea. Trans. Am. Ph. 5 t. 3. /. 8. — U. Ambigua ? Say. Narrow elliptical, subcylindraceous, very transverse, thin, rounded at both ends, ventral edge little arcuated, incurved, subparallel to the dorsal, cuticle dark brown, nacre above brown, below white ; ligament long and thin ; cardinal teeth single in each valve, no lateral, -^-q . . 1|'. — Ohio. U. Fabalis. Lea. on. U. 1. p. 96. {and Tr. Am. Ph. A.) t. 10. f. 16. — U. Capillus. Say. Transylv. J.our. — Lapillus. Say. Am. Conch, t. 41. Subelliptical, transverse, inequilateral, thick, rounded at both ends ; ventral margin incurved in the middle ; ligament short ; beaks slightly prominent ; cuticle dark, with green hair- like undulating rays (especially anteriorly) ; nacre pearly white and irridescent ; cardinal teeth small, the lateral short thick and enlarged anteriorly, i.. 1. — Ohio. U. Parvus. Barnes. Sil. J. 6. — Eaton. — Conr. Mon. U. t. 6. y. 1. Oblong-ovate, convex, rounded at the sides, thinnish ; beaks slightly elevated and placed at one-fourth the distance from the posterior end ; ligament very narrow, and slope distinct and obsoletely ribbed ; ventral edge little rounded ; cuticle brownish, an obtuse slightly elevated anterior ridge ; nacre peai'ly white and irridescent ; the lateral tooth rectilinear, rounded at the end and parallel to the base. ^. . 1^. — Fox River, North Avierica. U. Glans. Lea. on U. 1. p. 92. {and Tr. Am. Ph. 4.) t. 8. f. 12. Ovate elliptical, transverse, inequilateral, inflated, rather thick, rounded at both ends ; ventral edge rounded ; beaks some- TRIBE NAYADES. 197 what promiueut ; ligament small ; cuticle black or dark brown (sometimes rayed), nacre purple ; cardinal teeth rather large and elevated, lateral straight and lamelliform. ^.. 1^^^ — Ohio. U. DivARiCATUS. Lea. Trans. Am. Ph. 5. t. 9. ./". 24. Transversely elliptic, rather compressed, thin, ligamental edge straight and parallel to the ventral edge ; beaks with beautiful divaricating folds ; ngament rather short and slender ; cuticle greenish smooth, nacre white and irridescent; cardinal teeth small, compressed, the lateral long and rather thin, y o • • ^f* — ^ilUV^' U. Faba. D'Orbig. Mag.deZ. 1835. Ovate-oblong, com- pressed, thin, smooth, greenish brown, anteriorly subangulated and broad, posteriorly short and rounded ; beaks radiated or smooth ; nacre bluish white ; cardinal tooth thin, lamellar bifid, the lateral elongated and thin. i. . \^. — S. America. U. BuRROUGHiANUs. Lea. Trans. Am. Ph. 5. t. 10. f. 27. — D'Orb. in Mag. de Z. Obovate, transverse, compressed, thick- ish, anteriorly subbiangular and longer, posterior end dorsally sub- angulate, obliquely rounded below ; beaks with oblique folds and rather prominent ; cuticle smooth, dark brown with yellow lines of growth : nacre peai'ly white and irridescent ; cardinal teeth large elevated and lamelliform, the lateral nearly straight. If . . 2| — R.' Parana. S. America. U. Discus.- Lea.on U. 2.{Tr. Am. 6.) f. 18./. 57. Ellipti- cal, very much compressed, inequilateral, thick, posteriorly rounded, anteriorly much attenuated and biangular ; beaks prominent, liga- ment long and thick; cuticle blackish, nacre purple and irridescent ; cardinal teeth large, the lateral long and separate. — India. U. SiMUS. Lea. on. U. 2. {andTr. Am. Q.)p. 26. t. 8./. 20. Ovate, transverse, compressed, inequilateral, obliquely angulated anteriorly, ventral edge not much rounded, thickish, beaks somewhat prominent, ligament shortish ; cuticle yellowish and indistinctly rayed, nacre white and irridescent ; cardinal teeth small, lateral long and thick. 1 . . l^^- — Tennessee. U. CoRRUGATUS. ia/rt. 34.— Mya C. 3Iuller.— GmeI. 3221. —D. p. 52.— C/t./. 22.— W. t. 2. /. 31.— Mya Rugosa. Gmcl. 3222.— J>. p. 53.—Ch.f. 1649.— M. Nodosa ? 6^^^/.— Spuria ? Gviel. — U. Spuria. Lam. (fide Lea.) Ovate-rhombic, thin, green, the umbones with angularly flexuous sublongitudinal wrin- kles. 1^. — Coromandel.^ U, NiLOTicus. Cail. voy. d Meroe. 2. t. G\.f. 8, 9. — Desh. ^ I may not venture to differ from such an authority as Mr. Lea, but as the figures of Gmelin's Mya Rugosa (7F. t. 2. f. 33.) and Nodosa {W. t. 2. f. 34.) differ in many particulars from Corrugata, I have given copies of them. 198 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. in Lam. 6. p. 552. Ovate oblong, transverse, sub depressed, pos- teriorly obtuse, anteriorly obscurely angulated, striated, dark oUve, nacre rosy ; cardinal teeth very salient and compressed in one valve, in the other short and bifid. Senegal and the Nile. U. Egyptiacus. Call. voy. a Meroe. 2. t. 61. f. 6, 7. — Desk, in Lam. 6. p. 353. Oval-oblong, turgid, subinequilateral, thin, anteriorly broad and dilated ; cuticle olive rayed with yellow, nacre pink and irri descent ; hinge almost linear, with two teeth, the anterior lamella very narrow and acute. Egypt and Senegal. f f f f Oblotig. U. Brevidens. Lea. in Am. Ph. Tr. 4. (1837.) P'7o. t. 6./. 6. Oval-oblong, subtriangular, transverse, thick, inequilateral, umbonal slope curved ; beaks slightly prominent, ligament short, ventral edge subincurved in the middle ; cuticle yellow and wrin- kled, rays small slightly curved and interrupted ; nacre pearly wliite, cardinal tooth rather small, slightly elevated and rather cleft in one valve, simple and emerging from a pit in the other, lateral teeth short and thick. ^^ ■ • 1 /o* — Ohio. U. Tetralasmus. Say. Am. Con. t. 23. Transversely oblong- elliptic, thinnish, convex, hinge margin parallel to the ventral and subrectilinear ; posteriorly very short and rounded, anteriorly slop- ing obliquely from the hinge margin to the rounded extremity j anterior slope with two impressed lines ; beaks little elevated, de- corticated, umbonal slope not prominent : inside white, irridescent anteriorly and on the margin ; lateral teeth two in each valve. 3^.^ New Orleans. U. Camptodon. Say. Am. C. t.42. — Declivis. Conr. (fide Lea.) Ti'ansversely oblong-oval, moderately thin, a little com- pressed, not very inequilateral, blackish or dark brownish, dorsal line sinuated, obtusely angulated at each extremity ; the ventral edge incurved in the middle, and rounded at each extremity : anterior slope somewhat compressed, with two distinct compressed lines ; um- bonal slope not elevated above the level of the disc ; beaks with small undulations, little prominent ; within milk white, a single rather long oblique undivided primary tooth in each valve, the lateral teeth rather slender towards the tip, a little arcuated. 2 . .3^^. — New Orleans. U. Obesus. Lea. on U. I. p. 106. {andTr. Am. Ph. A.) t. 13. f. 26. Ovate-rhomboidal, oblique, inequilateral, inflated, thickish, angular anteriorly, ventral edge little rounded ; beaks rather pro- minent, ligament long and large ; cuticle fuscous and much wrinkled, nacre livid white ; cardinal teeth elevated and crested, lateral long and curved. 2 . .3-j%. — Virginia. U. HoPETONENSis. Lea. on U. 2. (Tr. Am. 6.) p. 29. f. 9. f. 24. Suboblong, transverse, inequilateral, compressed, biangular TRIBE NAYADES. 199 anteriorly ; antei'ior dorsal edge rather elevated, thickish, flattened at the umbones and sides, carinated ; beaks little prominent, undu- lated at the tip; ligament thin long and straight ; cuticle dark brown, obscurely rayed, nacre purple and irridescent ; cardinal teeth small, thick ; the lateral long and curved. 1^^^^ . . 3^. — Near Darien. U. RoANOAKENSis. Lea. on U. 2. {Tr. Am. &.)p. 27. t. 8. f. 21. Oblong, transverse, inequilateral, biangular anteriorly, com- pressed, thick, ventral and dorsal edges little rounded, flattened on the umbonal slope ; ligament very large and long : cuticle dark brown (apparently) rayless, nacre white ; cardinal teeth small, the lateral long and slightly curved. 2^^ . . 4-^''^ . — N. Carolina. U. Jejunus. Lea. on U. 2. (Tr. Am. 6.) p. 9. t. 4. f. 9. Oblong, transverse, compressed, thinnish, inequilateral, flattened on the sides, rounded posteriorly, subbiangular anteriorly ; ventral edge little rounded, incurved in the middle : beaks compressed, scarcely prominent ; ligament thin and long : cuticle very dark bi'own and much wrinkled, nacre "purple or white ; cardinal teeth small, the lateral long and straight. \^ . . 2\. — Roanoke. U. CoMPLANATus. Lea. 071 TJ . X.'p. 62. — Mya C. D.-p.^X. — U. PuRPUREXJs. 8ay ^ Barnes. — U. Rarisulcata. Lam. — U. Coarctata. Lam. — tJ. Purpurascens. Lam. — U. Rhom- BULA. Lam. — U. Carinifera. Lam. — U. Georgina. Lam. — U. Glabrata. Lam. — Sulcidens. Lam. Oblong ovate, some- times subrhomboidal or suboval, anteriorly broader and much longer more or less angular, posteriorly rounded, ventral edge little rounded an obtuse ridge from beaks anteriorly, surface with coarse wrinkles of growth, the cuticle tar-coloured or verj'^ dark green : nacre dark peach (at times salmon to violet pearl) cardinal teeth deeply striated, pyramidal. 2 . . 3^. — 3Iassachussets. U. Griffithianus. Lea. Trans.Am.Ph.b.t.\5.f.A&. Trans- versely elongated-elliptic, thickish, spread out, somewhat flattened on the sides, rounded on the umbonal slope, ventral edge little arcuated, inequilateral, beaks small and scarcely elevated; cuticle yellowish with green rays, nacre purple salmon or white : cardinal teeth compressed, the lateral long and curved. l|..2j=\. — Florida.^ U. Atratus. Lea. — Naia A. Swain. — U. Fragilis. Swain, in Z. II. \st ser. Transversely oval, rounded above and below at both extremities, thin, ventral and dorsal edge arcuated, the former not all incurved : moderately convex, smooth, the cuticle varying from black to olive green, nacre purplish near the umbones : in one valve two short obtuse and nearly obsolete cardinal teeth, a single rather sharper one in the other. 2 . . 3. — TV". America. — Liga- ' Add likewise the Naia Aurata of Swainson. 200 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. mental edge in the young, nearly straight and subangidated at the extremities. U. CoNFERTUs. Lea. Trans. Am. Ph. o. t. 16. f. 47. Trape- zoidal, transverse, inequilateral, inflated, thickish ; beaks slightly elevated and transversely wrinkled, umbones much swollen, liga- ment rather short and thin ; cuticle dark brown, shining, nacre purple or salmon ; cardinal teeth compressed and double in both valves, the lateral long and curved. 1 /o • • 2|-. — S. Carolina.^ U. FuLvus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. 5. t. 13. /. 39. Icterinus. Con. Narrow elliptical, transverse, inequilateral thinnish, subin- flated, rounded posteriorly, angulated anteriorly, ventral edge entire, dorsal straight, umbonal slope rounded, beaks slightly elevated ; cuticle yellow and yellowish brown, nacre salmon : cardinal teeth oblique, the lateral somewhat curved. -^^ . . \^. — >S. Carolina. U. CoNGAR^us. Lea. on U. 1. p. 82. {andTr. Am. Ph. 4.) t. Q. f. 4. Elliptico-rhomboidal, transverse, inequilateral, thin, somewhat flattened at the sides, anteriorly slightly sinuated, the slope and beaks with slight undulations ; ventral edge little rounded; ligament short: cuticle yellow and yellowish brown, with numerous green rays: nacre satinlike and irridescent : cardinal tooth oblique and compressed, the lateral long and enlarged anteriorly. 1 . . If .— S. Carolina. U. Declivis, Say. Am. C. t. 35. — U. Geometricus. Say. Transverse, thickish, posteriorly short and rounded, ligamental edge rectilinear very slightly (if at all) elevated and forming a sharp angle with the anterior edge which runs down obliquely to the entire and but slightly rounded ventral edge : umbonal slope not elevated ; surface deeply wrinkled : inside just tinged with pur- plish ; cardinal teeth oblique, the lateral distant, rectilinear, oblique. 2j. — N. America. U. Blandingianus. Lea. Tr. Am.Ph. 5. t. 15. /". 44. Sub- trapezoidal, transverse, very inequilateral, thin : beaks somewhat prominent : cuticle fuscous, wrinkled, nacre dull purple : cardinal teeth compressed, the lateral long and curved. 1^^ . . 2-^%. — Florida. U. Depressus. La7n. 38. — D'Orb. — Lesson, voy. de Coq. t. lo.y". 55? Ovate-oblong, depressed, thin, rounded at the extremi- ties of the sides : cuticle brown, nacre bluish. 2. — New Holland. U. Angustus. Lam. 42. — an List. t. 147. f. 3. Transversely oblong, narrow, subsinuated, anteriorly with two obsolete angles, extremities of the sides rounded ; cuticle yellowish brown, slightly striated longitudinally on the depression in the middle. 2f." 1 Add likewise the U. Paliatus of Ravenel's letter, and the U. -C-/ Waterensis of Lea, the Raven|li of Conrad. ' 2 Add likewise the U. Modestus of Ferussac. TRIBE NAYADES. 201 U. LiTTORALis, Lam. 25.~Crassus. Schr. F. 2. f. 2. — Rhomboidea. Schr. 2. f. 3. — Brevialis, Semirugata, and Nana. Layn. 14, 16, ^^ 17. {fide Lea). — Incurvus. Lea. on U. \. p. 167. t. 13. /. 27. Transverse, oval, thick, dai'k brown, inequilateral, transversely striated, posteriorly rounded, anteriorly produced, ligamental edge sloping, ventral edge little arcuated, sub- incurved: anterior slope with a marginal groove on each side: beaks wrinkled: cardinal teeth thick, conical, dentato-serrated, the lateral thick. 2 J. — France, cjr. 1 1 1 1 1 Suhrotund. U. CiRCULUs. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. 3. t. 9./ U.—Eat.—MYx Rotunda ? — Wood. Circular, ventricose, subequilateral, thick, transversely wrinkled ; beaks rather elevated and somewhat re- curved ; ligament short and thick ; cuticle dark brown becoming light yellowish brown anteriorly, shining and satinlike, nacre pearly white and irridescent : teeth large. Diameter, 1^. — Ohio, ^-c. U. Lens. Lea. on U. I. p. 90. (andTr. Am. Ph. 4.) t. 8./. 10. Lenticular, broader than long, subventricose, equilateral, thickish, beaks slightly prominent, undulated at the tip, ligament short and thick: cuticle smooth brown but anteriorly yellowish, nacre white rarely rosy : cardinal teeth large, the lateral short and straightish. _9_ . , 11. Ohio. ^"U. RuBELLUS, Conr. N. F. W. S. p. 38. t. 6. f. 2. Sub- orbicular, transverse, ventricose, thick, subequilateral, umbones prominent, umbonal slope rounded, margined before and behind by a faint angle ; beaks eroded, slightly prominent ; cuticle reddish brown, nacre pink or purphsh : cardinal teeth direct. — M. Alabama. U. Masoni. Conr. N. F. W. S. p. 34. t. 5./. 2.— Con. Mon. U. t. 12. f. 2. Transverse, suborbicular, discs slightly flattened ; vimbones broad prominent, carinated behind : beaks slightly promi- nent : umbonal slope straight and angulated, ligament slope flat- tened and broad: cuticle olive, clouded with brown and polished, nacre bluish white : cardinal teeth prominent, compressed very oblique: f. — R. Savannah, N. America. U. Rotundatus. Lain. — Suborbiculata. Lam. 8f Bl. — U. Glebtjlus. Say. Am. Conch, t. 34. — Subglobosus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. 5. t. 2.f. 3. Transverse, obovate, inflated, thick, pos- teriorly rounded and shorter, anteriorly subangulated, ventral edge arcuated and somewhat sinuated anteriorly ; beaks slightly promi- nent, rounded; umbonal slope carinate, ligament thick and shortish: cuticle dark brown or black, nacre pearly pink ; cardinal teeth wide and striated, the lateral somewhat curved. 2^'^ . . l^^^^. — Louisiana. 202 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. U. Paranensis. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. 5. t. 14. y. 42. — U. ^oh- siANA.— D' Orb. in Jtfag. de Z, Subrotund, inequilateral, com- pressed, thickish, umbonal slope flattened ; beaks rather elevated, longitudinally folded and retuse, ligament thin ; cuticle wrinkled, shining, greenish becoming brown towards the margin, with very obscure curved rays which sweep from the beak towards the pos- terior side, nacre pearly white and irridescent: cardinal teeth recurved, double in both valves, the lateral rather long and curved. 3 . . Z\. — -S. Parana. U. Membranacea. Lea. — Mytilus M. Maton. — Lin. Tr. 10. t.24.f. 11, 12.— U. Matoniana. D'Orbig. S. Am. t. 71. J". 1, 2. Roundish, subinflated, posteriorly shorter and rounded, anteriorly angulated, dorsal edge straight, very thin, smoothish, greenish rufous, with very small ribs diverging from the beaks, inside bluish or pink : cardinal tooth thin straight and solitary, the lateral tooth anteriorly very long and elevated. 2 . . 2|^. — S. America. U. Variabilis. Lea. — Mya V. Maton in Lin. Trans. 10. t. 24. f. 4, 5, 6, 7.—W. t. 3. /. 38.— D. p. 53.— U. Rotundus. Wagn. in Spix. Braz. t. 26. /". 3, 4. Subrhombic gibbous, the um- bones longitudinally wrinkled ; transversely striated, the wrinkles gradually disappearing, cuticle greenish brown, dorsal edge nearly straight, and subangulated at its extremities, ventral edge poste- riorly very obUquely rounded ; nacre bluish : hinge with two teeth diverging at the apex and inserted in linear receptacles. 1 . . 1 — S. America. U. Personatus. Say. — U. Capillaris. Lea. Trans. Am. Ph. 5. t. 2.f. 2. Obtusely subquadrate, broader than long, ven- tricose, thickish, subangular and longer anteriorly: beaks thick and elevated, ligament short and thick; cuticle dark and finely wrinkled, smoother towards the beaks, rays numerous capillary and spread- ing, nacre pearly white and irridescent : cardinal teeth much elevated, the lateral lamellar and inclined to curve upwards. \\ . .\^%.^Ohio. U. Retusus. La7n. — Conr. Mon. V. t. 8. — Torsa. Raf. in Ann. de Sc. Phy. 5. t. 82. /. 1, 2, S.^Eaton. Obtusely sub- triangular, ventricose, with concentric furrows : beaks subcentral, retuse, umbo very prominent and leaning posteriorly ; ligament long and prominent; umbonal slope rounded and undefined ; pos- terior and ventral edges regularly rounded; anterior side with a slight furrow ; ligamental edge curved and very oblique : within dark purple margined with white : cuticle olive. 2^ . . 2 — N. America. U. Ebenus. Lea. Tr. Am. PJi. 4. t. 9. /. 14. — Mytiloides. Conr. {not Bqf.) Obliquely obovate, inequilateral, very ventricose, very thick ; beaks nearly terminal and much elevated, ligament TRIBE NAYADES. 203 rather short and thick : cuticle blackish brown before the beaks and at their tip, on the second growth yellow, nacre pearly white: cardinal teeth large, lateral large and curved. 1 J . . If. — Ohio. U. Maculatus. Co7ir. N. F. W. S. p. 30~ t. 4. /. 4. Sub- triangular, compressed, thickish ; cuticle much wrinkled except on the smooth umbones, brown olive with a few very broad and narrow intervening interrupted green rays ; a slight broad and obhque furrow from the prominent beaks to the base : umbonal slope sub- angulated, behind which the shell is cuneiform, ligament edge ob- lique, rectilinear, anterior edge obliquely subtruncated : cardinal teeth nearly transverse, subcompressed : nacre very white and irri- descent. — Tennessee. U. KiRKLANDiANUs. Lea. Trans. Am. Ph. 5. t.lA.f. 41. Rounded-subquadrate, broader than long, thick, compressed, ante- rior and ligamental edges little arcuated ; beaks somewhat elevated, ligament thick and rather short ; cuticle wrinkled, dark brown but yellowish near the beaks, with interrupted rays not reaching the well rounded ventral edge, nacre pearly white and irridescent : cardinal teeth thickish, the lateral short and slightly curved. 2.. 2^^.— Ohio. U. SuBROTUNDUS. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. 4. t. IS.f. 45. — Poli- Tus ? Say. — Suborbicular, subventricose, thick, subequilateral, beaks thick and elevated, ligament thick and shortish ; cuticle yellow and smooth towards the beaks, becoming brown and finely wrinkled towards the margin, with interrupted rays about the umbones,' nacre white and irridescent : cardinal teeth thick, the . lateral short and slightly curved. Diameter, \^. — Ohio. U. Infucatus. Conr. F. N. W. S. p. 45. t. 3.f. 2. Trans- versely obovate, compressed ; anteriorly dilated, the margins slightly oblique, obtusely rounded or subangulated at its extremity; umbones wide, not prominent, beaks greatly eroded ; umbonal slope subangulated and hardly curved : cuticle black, nacre pearly white: cardinal teeth direct, pyramidal. — Georgia in America. U. CocciNEUS. Lea. on U. 2. (and Tr. Am. 6.) p. 12. t. 5. /. \2.—Conr. 3fon. U. t. 13. /. 1.— Catillus. Conr. Mon. U. t. 13. f. 2. Subtriangular, oblique and slightly compressed, thicker posteriorly, posterior dorsal edge very short and sharply angulated ; beaks rather elevated retuse, with one or two undulations ; liga- ment rather long and curved : cuticle dark reddish brown, nacre bright red : cardinal teeth thick, the lateral thick and somewhat curved. 2 . . 2|. — Ohio. ttttttt ^Vide. U. Shepardianus. Lea. Trans. Am. Ph. 5. t. 13. f. 38. — Very elongated transversely, thickish, short and rounded poste- 204 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. riorly, produced and subcuneiform anteriorly, ligamental edge straightish, ventral strongly incurved, sides and umbones flattened; umbonal slope elevated, beaks small, ligament thin and long ; cuti- cle blackish brown, (sometimes with obsolete rays), nacre purple and irridescent : cardinal teeth oblique, single in one valve, double in the other, the lateral very long and straight. If . . 5. — Georgia, N. America. U. FoLLicuLATUs. Lea. on U. 2. p. 38. (and Tr. Am. 6.) t. 11. y. 33. Transversely elongated, very narrow, rather thin, very inequilateral, rather compi-essed, flattened at the sides, rounded posteriorly, subbiangular anteriorly, ventral edge slightly incurved in the middle ; beaks scarcely prominent ; cuticle very dark brown, nacre purple and irridescent: cardinal teeth small, the lateral long and somewhat curved. | . . 2|. — R. Savannah. U. Rectus. Lam. — Pr^longus. Barnes in Sil. J. 6. — ■ Hild. — Mya Pr^longa. Wood. S. f. II. Much elongated transversely, narrow, thick, tumid, the beaks flat, rounded at both ends, but anteriorly attenuated and produced, posteriorly short, ventral edge little rounded (incurved in the old) : cuticle blackish brown with fine interrupted wrinkles in longitudinal rows, (in the young smooth glabrous and rayed with yellowish olive) : nacre purplish, the lateral tooth long and thin. 2Jq. . . 6|. — N. Ame- rica. U. Dehiscens, Sai/. Arn. Con. t. 24. — Oriens. Lea. on U.l.'p.m. (and Tr. Am. Ph. 4.) t. 6. f. 5. Elongated oblong, transverse inequilateral, compressed, very thin, anteriorly attenuated, ventrally not incurved, little rounded ; beaks scarcely prominent and retuse, ligament linear : cuticle yellowish with oblique inter- rupted green rays, nacre bluish white and irridescent, purple under the beaks : cardinal teeth small and imperfect, lateral undivided and imperfect. lJo..2|. — Ohio. U. Angustatus. Lea. on U. 1. p. 124. (and Tr.Am. Ph. 4.) t. 17. f. 43. Transversely elongated oblong, angulated anteriorly and its dorsal edge straightish, the ventral incurved in the middle ; thin rather compressed, the beaks slightly elevated and undulated at the tips ; cuticle reddish brown with the rays obsolete, nacre dull purple : cardinal teeth elevated and compressed, lateral long and nearly straight. 1-jL , . 2|. — S. Carolina. U. Lanceolatus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. 3. t. 3. /. 2. Trans- versely elongated, compressed, attenuated and subangular anteriorly, thin, ventral edge not incurved, beaks scarcely prominent ; cuticle lemon or olive yellow and glabrous, nacre salmon colour and irrides- cent : cardinal tooth sharp and oblique, -/q . . \-^q. — Tarboro7igh. U. Anodontoides. Lea. on U. l.j). 91. (and Tr. Am. Ph. 4.) t. 8.f. 11. — U. Teres. Conr. Narrow elliptical, transverse, inequi- lateral, inflated, thickish, posteriorly rounded, anteriorly subat- TRIBE NAYADES. 205 tenuated ; beaks slightly prominent, ligament long narrow and nearly straight : cuticle yellowish, very smooth and shining, anterior slope fuscous, nacre pale salmon or white ; cardinal teeth double in both valves and very erect ; the lateral long, slightly curved and separate. 1^%. . 4-J^.—Missisip]n. U. Parallelopipedon. Lea. Trans. Am. Ph. 5. t. 8./. 20. — D'Orb. in Mag. de Z. Oblong, transverse, subcylindraceous, thickish, dorsal and ventral edges parallel, posteriorly short and obtuse, anteriorly inflated and obliquely angulated dorsally ; liga- ment long and thin, umbones flattened, umbonal slope carinated ; beaks somewhat elevated, retuse ; cuticle wrinkled and almost black, nacre pearly white and irridescent ; cardinal teeth oblique, crested, the lateral long and straight. 1^..2-J^. — R- Parana, South America. U. Platyrrhinchus. Kossm. f. 130. Transverse, elongated, wedge-shaped, inequilateral, anteriorly produced in a compressed beak which points downwards, ligamental edge very long, very short and rounded posteriorly : the umbones tumid ; olive with brown zones: cardinal teeth very compressed, bladed. 3. — Qej^many.^ U. TuMiDus. Z?e^^.*— RossM./. 70, 202, 3, 4.— Mya Ovata. Don. t. 122.— D. p. 50.— TF. t. 2. f. 27.— Mysca Solida. Turt. B. t. 16. /. 2. §• 3Ian.f. 13.— (U. Nodulosa. Lam. fide Lea.) Transverse, inequilateral, ovate, elongated, the anterior side wedge- shaped tumid produced and attenuated, thick, brown, ventral edge arcuated ; umbones prominent and rugose ; posterior teeth thick, high, triangular, strong, left anterior strong : nacre white, (rarely pale salmon,) the young with irregular concentric nodulose ridges round the umbones. Germany, Sj'c. U. PiCTORUM.* Lam.Z2.—Drap.t.\\.f. A.—lsi\K V. Lin. 1112. D.p. 49.— Tr. t. 2./. 26.— Mysca P. Turt. Man. f. 11.— U. Rostrata. Lam.Z\. — U. Manca. Lam. 43. — U. Turtoni. Payraud. — Capigliolo. Payr. — Elongatula. Pfeif. t. 8. f. 5, 6. Oval-oblong, ventricose, anteriorly produced into a bluntly truncated beak, yellowish green, brownish zoned, greenish anteriorly, dorsal edge nearly straight, ventral rather retuse ; hinge teeth very much compressed, arched and crenated, anterior teeth of the left valve small or evanescent ; nacre white. 3. — LJnrope. /cc/ U. Elongatus. Pfeif." '\ U. Productus. Conr. Mon. U. t. 14. fi. 1. p. 31. Narrow- elliptical, rather compressed, posteriorly very short and rounded (the hinge subterminal,) anteriorly produced and obtusely acuminated ^ Add likewise the U. Caillaudi of Ferussac. - I find no species of this name in PfeifFer. His Elongatulus (fide Gray,) is but a variety of Pictorum. 206 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. ligamental edge parallel to the line of the ventral which is scai'cely arcuated and subincurved in the middle; ridges of the umbonal slope obtuse, beaks not raised above the dorsal line : cuticle brown ; inside purplish ; teeth thick, the cardinal direct. 1 . . 2%. — M. Savannah, iV", America. U. Nasutus. Say. En. Am. Nic— Barnes. — Swain. Zool. II. \st Ser.—Lis. t. 151. /. 6.— Mya Nasuta. Wood. S. t. 1. /. 4. Elongated- oblong, transverse, posteriorly short and rounded, an- teriorly very produced and obtusely acuminated ; ligamental edge straight : thin, compressed, horn-coloured brown or olive (some- times obscurely rayed with green) nacre bluish white : teeth crenated. 2\ . . 2^. — Delaware. U. FisHERiANUS. Lea. Tr. Am. 6. t. 4. f. 8. Transversely elongated, acutely angular anteriorly, very short and rounded pos- teriorly, ventral edge not incurved, compressed and thin ; beaks and umbones flattened, ligament thin and short : cuticle dark brown and smooth: nacre purple ; cardinal teeth lamellar, the lateral long and somewhat curved. 1 iV • • ^to* — ^* Chester, North America. U. Jayensis. Lea. on U. 2. (and Tr. Am. 6.) p. 28. t. 9. _/. 23. Narrow-elliptical, transverse, very inequilateral, anteriorly subangular, thin, subcarinate, ventral edge little rounded, beaks somewhat prominent, ligament rather long ; cuticle brown and (apparently) rayless, nacre purple ; cardinal teeth compressed, the lateral long and straight. 13^ • . 2\. — Florida. U. LuGUBRis. Lea. {Tr. Am. Ph. 6.) t. 9. /. 25. Elliptical, transverse, somewhat inflated, inequilateral, anteriorly biangular, posteriorly rounded, thickish, ventral edge little rounded, the beaks rather prominent, ligament thin and shortish : cuticle nearly black, (apparently rayless) ; nacre purple ; cardinal teeth compressed, lateral longish and somewhat curved. Ixo • • 2^- — Near Darien. U. Marginalis. Lam. 41. — JE. t. 247. f. 1. Ovate-oblong, transverse, subrhombic, thin, brown with concentric yellow or tawny bands towards the margin ; inside bluish, cardinal tooth small and compressed. 3; — Bengal.^ U. Iris. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. 3. t. 1\. f. 18.— U. Nebulosus. Conr. Narrow elliptical, inequilateral, subventricose, thin, rounded at both ends, beaks slightly prominent : ligament rather long and thin ; cuticle yellowish green with numerous narrow rays, nacre bluish white : cardinal teeth double in the left valve, subbifid in the right, small and erect, the lateral long and thin. 1 . . 14. — Ohio. U. Tentjissimus. Lea. — Symphonota T. Lea. Tr.Am. Ph. 3. t. 11. f. 21. — Purpurascens. Swain. — U. Velum. Sat/. Narrow-elliptical, inequilateral, transversely wrinkled, compressed. U. Anodontina. Lam. 47. is the same species, Jide Lea. TRIBE NAYADES. 207 very thiu and fragile, obliquely rounded posteriorly : the dorsal edge connate and anteriorly rather elevated, ventral edge little rounded and not incurved ; beaks depressed, but pointed ; ligament con- cealed ; cuticle yellow, finely and obliquely rayed with green, nacre bluish white and purple, irridescent ; cardinal tooth a small lobe, lateral teeth acicular and single in both valves. 24- . . 2^. — Ohio. U. BiLiNEATUS. J3e7ison. — Symphonota. B. Lea. on U. 1. ;). 108. {andTr. Am. Ph. 4.) t. 11. /. 19. Subelliptical, trans- verse, inequilateral, compressed, very thin, dorsal edge angulated at both ends and anteriorly elevated and connate; ventral edge rounded and entire ; beaks very little elevated, concentrically undulated, with two elevated lines running to the anterior margin ; cuticle glossy greenish yellow and darker on the anterior slope ; nacre slightly sal- mon-coloured ; cardinal teeth lamelhform and double in the right valve only, the lateral straight. J^ . . l-j^^.. — jR. Hoogly, Hindostan. U. CoRRiANUS. Lea. Trans. Am. Ph. 5. t. 9.f. 25. Narrow elliptical, very transverse, very thin, very inequilateral, dorsal and ventral edges subparallel straightish and entire, obtusely acuminated anterioi'ly, beaks scarcely prominent, ligament long and slender : cuticle smooth, rayless, dark brown, nacre pearly white and irrides- cent ; cardinal teeth thin and bladed, the lateral long thin and nearly straight. 1 . . 2^-^.— India. U. Phaseolus. Hild. in Sil. J. 14. p- 283. — Eaton, in Transylv. J. of Med. 1831. — U. Planulatus. Lea. on U. \.p. 45. and Tr. Am. Ph. 3. Ovate elliptical, transverse, inequilateral, rounded at both ends, peculiarly flattened over the umbones, thick ; beaks slightly prominent and decorticated; ligament little pro- minent ; cuticle wrinkled ; yellowish brown, marked with square spots disposed in rays, nacre bluish white : cardinal tooth small, the lateral large thick and curved, l-^-^ . . 2i. — Ohio. U. Arcus. Conr. Sil. J. 25. t. I. f. 8. Narrow-elliptical, thick, ponderous, transverse, posteriorly short and rounded, ante- riorly produced and attenuated, ventral edge little arcuated and in- curved ; dorsal edge forming an arched curve scarcely interrupted by the beaks ; cuticle olive and wrinkled, nacre pearly white ; car- dinal teeth thick, pyramidal and distant from the lateral. 2. — R. Alabama. North America. U. Arctatus. Conr. Sil. J. 25. t. \. f. 9. Nari'ow-ellip- tical, elongated, much compressed, slightly contracted from the depressed beaks to the base, anteriorly much produced and suban- gulated at the end, cuticle very dark olive, nacre bluish white : ven- tral edge incurved in the middle, but little arcuated; cardinal teeth disposed to be single in both valves, the lateral compressed and a little prominent. 2. — R. Alabama. U. GiBBosus. Barnes Sil. J. 6. t. ]l. f. \2.—Eat. in Tr. Jour. 1831. — Hi/rZ. m iSz7. /. 14.— U. Mucronatus. Barnes. — 208 TESTACEOUS MOLLtJSCA. U. Nasuta. Lam. — U. Dilatatus. Cow. Transversely elongated, heavy, gibbous, anteriorly rapidly attenuated and produced, pos- teriorly naiTow, rounded, ventral edge little rounded ; beaks flat ; cuticle blackish brown finely striated and deeply wrinkled trans- versely, nacre purplish, teeth crenate, the lateral rough, very thick, incurved, ly^ • • ^' — ^' ■^'f^^^rica. U. Arctior. Lea. on U. 2. (an^ Tr. Am. 6.) p. 10. t. A. f. 10. Narrow elliptical, transverse, obliquely rounded posteriorly, attenuated and subangular anteriorly, flattened on the sides, thin- nish, the beaks compressed and undulated, ligament rather long and slender ; cuticle dark brown and wrinkled, nacre white or salmon colour ; cardinal teeth small, the lateral long. Ohio. U. Patagonicus. D' Orb. S. Am. t. 70. f. 1. to 4. Oblong, compressed, thickish, smooth or strigillated, blackish or yellowish brown ; posteriorly very short and rounded, anteriorly produced and attenuated at the rounded extremity, ligamental edge nearly straight and long, cardinal tooth thick and crenulated, the lateral very elon- gated, inside bluish white or pink. 1| . . 3f . — Patagonia. U. Vaughanianus. Lea. on U. 2. (and Tr. Am. 6.) j). 5, t. 3. f. 5. — Carolinensis. Rav. Transversely ovate, somewhat inflated, rather thin, enlarged towards the anterior ventral margin, before which it is subincurved, anterior side obtusely acuminated, its dorsal edge nearly straight ; beaks scarcely prominent, cuticle blackish, obscurely rayed anteriorly, nacre salmon coloured : cardinal teeth small and erect, the lateral straight. \^ , . 2. — *S'. Carolina. tttttttt Obovate. U. Purpuratus. Lam. G.—Ater. Lea. on U. {Tr. Am. 3.) t.7.f.9. — U. LuGXJBRis. Say. Am. C if. 43.— U. Poulsoni, Conr. Transversely ovate, inequilateral, much inflated, much broader and obtusely truncated anteriorly, the ventral edge little rounded, anterior dorsal edge rather elevated; thick, the beaks shghtly projecting and decorticated ; cuticle black, wrinkled trans- versely, nacre rose colour ; cardinal teeth erect and crestlike, the lateral granulated and straight. 3 . . 4i. — Missisippi. U. Rhombeus. Wagti. Test. Braz. t. 28. /. 1, 2. Rounded- ovate, oblique, anteriorly dilated, and narrowed posteriorly, thick, transversely striated or grooved, rounded at both ends, dorsal edge more arcuated than the ventral ; beaks depressed and decorticated, cuticle brown, nacre bluish white : cardinal tooth thick, compressed, substriate, bifid. 2yV . . 3. — Brazil. U. CupRiNXjs. Lea. on U. 1. {Tr.Am.A.) t. 12. /. 24.— Me- tallicus. — Soy. Ovate, transverse, inequilateral, inflated, thin, rounded at both ends, broader anteriorly, the ventral margin little rounded and much incurved in the middle ; the beaks small, pointed, with concentric undulations, ligament long and lanceolate : cuticle TRIBE NAYADES. 209 reddish brown and wrinkled ; cardinal teetli small, lateral thin and lamellar, l-^o • • '^^• — Mexico. U. MoDiOLiFORMis. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. 5. t. 13. /. 40.— U. Delumbis. Conr. Elongated-ovate, very thin, inflated, trans- verse, rounded at both ends, very narrow and short posteriorly : dilated anteriorly ; beaks small, ligament rather long and thin ; cuticle brown and shining, rays indistinct, nacre slightly purple, very irridescent : cardinal teeth small, compressed, the lateral long and curved. 1^ . . 2-J^. — S. Carolina. U. Tenerus. Rave. — Tenebrosus. Conr. F. W. S. p. 42. t. 7.f. 1. Elliptical, ventricose, thickish posteriorly, beaks pro- minent, anteriorly dilated, the edge descending oblique and recti- linear from the ligament, and subtruncated at the extremity, ventral edge simple and little rounded ; cuticle olivaceous with linear rays: the margins dark brown, nacre irridescent bluish or pink, teeth moderately thick. — Virginia. U. Tappanianus. Lea. on U. 2. p. 62. t. 17. f. 55. Ovate, rather inflated, inequilateral, thin, anteriorly dilated, ventral margin subincurved, umbonal slope rounded and inflated ; beaks somewhat prominent, with double undulations, ligament slender and shortish; cuticle yellowish brown, with dark ^ays and the border dark ochre- brown, nacre somewhat salmon-coloured : cardinal teeth compressed and curved, lateral thin. 1 J^ . . 2. — Hollidaysburg. U. CoNTRADENS. Lea. on U. 2. p. 75. t. 18. f. 58. Ovate, rather inflated, inequilateral, thin, smooth, ventrally and posteriorly rounded, obtusely angulated anteriorly, and the dorsal edge elevated; beaks rather prominent and undulated, ligament thin and longish : cuticle yellowish green becoming green on the anterior slope, nacre white and irridescent: cardinal teeth linear, the double one in the right valve, the lateral thin and somewhat curved, l^o • • ^to* U. Stramineus. Conr. in Sil. J. 25. t. \- f. 6. Suboval, convex, anteriorly longer, wider and rounded above and below, ven- tral edge incurved in the middle, beaks slightly prominent, with irregular undulations, umbones convex; concentric lines remarkably coarse and prominent : cuticle straw colour, rayed only on the ante- rior slope, nacre pearly white and irridescent ; cardinal teeth double in both valves and subcompressed. 2\. — R. Alabama. ttttttttt Arcuated. U. Crasstssimus. Fcr. — Sinuata. Lam. 1. — Desk, {not Pfeif.nor Blainv.)—Drap. p. 132. t. 10./. 17. to \9.—E. t. 248. f. 1. — Rossm.f. 195. Ovate-oblong, ponderous, thick, dark brown, breadth about twice the length, very inequilateral, posteriorly rounded, anteriorly obliquely and obtusely subtruncated, ventral edge retuse, dorsal arcuated : cardinal teeth thick, the lateral p 210 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA, lamellae thick and slightly exserted, ligamental sinus large and oval, 2 . . 4 — Hhine, Loire, ^'C. U. MoNODONTUS. Say. Am. C. t. 6 — Eat. in Tr. Jour. 3fed. 1831.— U. SoLENiFORMis. Lea. OTi U.l. p. 97 . Elongated, trans- verse, thin, inequilateral, compressed, rounded and sloping from the beaks at both ends, ventral margin strongly incurved in the middle; the beaks slightly prominent : cuticle very dark brown and wrin- kled, the nacre bluish white and irridesceut: cardinal tooth a simple small tubercle in both valves, the lateral long straight and very im- perfect. IJq . .4^3__. — Ohio. U. Emarginatxjs. Lea. Tran^. Am. Ph. 5. t. 9. /. 22. Transversely elongated-oblong, thickish rounded and very short posteriorly, anteriorly obtusely subbiangulated, ligamental edge straightish, the ventral strongly incurved in the middle and com- pressed ; beaks rather elevated and undulated at the tip : ligament long and thin, cuticle greenish yellow, becoming green on the ante- rior slope, nacre pearly white and irridescent : cardinal teeth small oblique and double in both valves, the lateral long and slightly curved. \^\ . . 2|-. Division B. Having one cardinal tooth. Section A. — Plicate. U. Complanata. — Alasmodonta C. Dai'nes Sf Hild. — Symphonota C. Lea. on U. I. p. 62. Triangular-ovate, inequi- lateral, transversely wrinkled, compressed, thick ; anterior dorsal edge winged connate and obscurely undulated at right angles to the wrinkles: the beaks compressed and scarcely projecting, undulated, the ligament concealed with an oblique callous plane under it: cuti- cle dark brown, nacre white and irridescent : a large cardinal tooth in each valve. 3 . . 5. — Ohio, Sfc. U. Confragosa. — Alasmodonta C. Saij. Am. Co7i. t. 21. Transversely suboval, dark olive or blackish, inequilateral, anterior edge forming an angle with the scarcely sloping ligamental one ; convex, with oblique irregular abbreviated undulations not directed towards the beak, and numerous more or less abbreviated, slightly raised lines fi'om the umbo becoming obsolete towards the base, those in front divaricating towards the hinge margin : beak with a groove and a double series of three or four tubercles : inside white margined with opaque whitish or violaceous. 3g. — iV. America. U. Arcula.— Marg. a. Lea. on U. 2. p. 71. t. 22. /. 69. Triangular, veiy inflated, very thin, with about eight transverse curved folds, dorsal edge much sinuated and angulated posteriorly : ventral edge little rounded and not incurved, the umbones very TRIBE NAYADES. 211 large, the umbonal slope acutely carinate, the anterior slope very much flattened, having an indistinct furrow along the edge of the carina, cuticle dark green, with numerous green rays over the whole surface, nacre bluish: teeth lamellar and irregular. — Georyia in Aynei-ica. U. Marginata.— Marg. M. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. 6. — Varicosa. Lam. — Mya Rugulosa. W. S.f. /. — Alasmodonta M. Say. in J. A. N. S. Pldl. 1. — Barnes in Sil. J. 6. — Gould. Mass. p. 116./. 77- Transversely ovate, thin, inequilateral, gaping ante- riorly, posteriorly narrow, rounded at both extremities above and below ; ligamental edge scarcely sloping, ventral subincurved in the middle ; umbonal ridge elevated and well defined, anterior slope with coarse rounded wrinkles running obliq' ely dorsally and ante- riorly, beaks at the posterior third, rather &' lall but elevated : cuti- cle olivaceous, shining, obscurely rayed with broken lines : nacre bluish white, with a chalky white margin ; tooth small, compressed, looking backwards. 1-^^ . . 2. — Massuchusets, ^c. U. Rugosa, — Alasmodonta R, Barnes in Sil. J. G. t. 13./. 21. — Eat. ^- Hild. — U. Abdxjcta. Say. Oblong, thick, rounded at both ends, posterior side not quite so long nor broad as ante- rior, ligamental edge nearly straight, not sloping, ventral edge little curved, anterior slope with deep divergent folds, the ridge little elevated, the folds indenting the edge; cuticle chesnut with a silky lustre; nacre flesh colour, becoming; at the margin pearly white, with a narrow margin of dark ciiocolate : teeth large and elevated vpith a fold behind. 2 . . 3 J^. — N. America. Section B. — Smooth. U. Deltoidea.— Marg. D. Lea. on U. 2. f. 43. t. 13. / 38. Ovate, inequilateral, compressed, thin, obliquely rounded posteriorly, obtuse anteriorly, the anterior ventral margin incurved ; beaks pro- minent, undulated at the tip and devoid of the green rays which elsewhere adorn the yellow cuticle : cardinal teeth erect, the lateral obsolete : nacre white and irridescent. -f^ . . If. — Ohio. U. Undulata. — Alasmodonta U. Say. Am. C. t. 16. — (I^owM^.) A. ScuLPTiLis. Say. — Mya Undulata. Wood. S. t. l.y. 5. — U. Glabratus. Sow. Transversely ovate, inequilateral, strong, much inflated, widely gaping, anteriorly attenuated and angulated, posteriorly and at the ventral edge rounded ; beaks tumid elevated and undulated : cuticle shining dark green, with obscure linear rays alternately yellow and dark, nacre white ; one cardinal tooth in each valve supported by a strong internal rib. If . . 2. — MaKsachusets, ^'c. U. Swananoensis. — Marg. Raveneliana. Lea. Trans. Am. Ph. 5, t. \7 . f. 50. Transverse, oblong, anteriorly longer and p 2 212 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. subcuneiform, posteriorly rounded, ligamental edge straight, ventral incurved in the middle ; inflated, thin, beaks small, ligament shortish, umbonal slope large and rounded ; cuticle brown with rays ante- riorly, nacre bluish white : cardinal teeth small, rather compressed. I3-L . , 2/0. — N. Carolina. U. Radiata. — Alasmodonta R. Conr. in Sil. J. 25. t. I. f. 10. Elongated-ovate, transverse, ventricose, posteriorly narrow and obtusely angulated, anteriorly produced and pointed at the end, ventral edge entire and I'ounded at the sides : beaks prominent and pointed at the apex which has two or three profound undulations, cuticle light olive with beautiful dark green rays, nacre waxen yellowish : cardinal teeth elongated, in one valve distant, close under the beak in the other. 2|4 — S. Alabama. U. Calceola. Lea. on U. l.p. 7. t. 3.f. 1. — Alasmodonta. Truncata. Con?'. Transverse, suboval, inequilateral, ventricose, subcylindrical, thin, posteriorly rounded, anteriorly obtusely angu- lated both above and below, ventral edge not incurved, dorsal straightish and anteriorly ascending : beaks slightly undulated and touching, not decorticated : cuticle dark green, lighter towards the beaks, with indistinct rays, nacre white and silvery : cardinal tooth prominent. ^ . . 1-|. — Ohio. U.BoNELLii. — Alasmodonta B. Ferussac. — Depressa. Pfiif. t.S.f. 3, 4. — liosni.f. 134. Oblong, compressed, thin, posteriorly attenuated, rounded and very short, anteriorly produced and dilated, ventral edge simple and scarcely arcuated : cardinal teeth coarse, a single one in each valve, no lamellar ones : ligamental sinus ovate. 2 J. — S. Germans/. U. Paraguayana. — Monocondylea p. D^Orhig. Am. t. 70. f. .5, 6, 7. Ovate-subquadrilateral, inflated, thick, strigillated, posteriorly rounded short and narrow, anteriorly dilated, with an elevated sulcus radiating from the beaks and angulatingat its extre- mity the arcuated ventral edge : beaks prominent, rounded, the cuticle thick, greenish brown : nacre greenish white, the tooth thick, elevated and obtuse. ;S. America. U. Parchappii. Lea. — Monocondylea P. D'Orhig. S. Avi. t. G8. ^f. 1, 2, 3. Ovate-oblong, compressed, striated, an- teriorly dilated, posteriorly short and rounded, ligamental edge straight, ventral entire and little arched ; beaks eroded and not pro- minent, an indication of a lunule ; the cuticle greenish brown ; inside rosy, the tooth prominent thick rounded and obtuse. 1^ . . 1^. — S. Avierica. U. CORRIENTESINSIS. MoNOCONDYLEA C. D^ Orbit/. S, Am. f. 68. /". 8, 9, 10. Rounded-ovate, compressed, strigillated, greenish, posteriorly narrow short and rounded, anteriorly dilated rounded and with one or two green lines ; ventral edge strongly arcuated, beaks not prominent, no lunule, inside bluish white : tooth thick, broad, and prominent. 1| . . 1|. — S. America. TBI BE NAYADE3. 213 U. GuARAYANA. Lea. — MoNocoNDYLEA G. Z)' Orbig. S. Am. t. 68./". 4, 5, 6, 7. Ovate, inflated very tliick, striated, pos- teriorly short and rounded, anteriorly marked with two deep sulci, a prominent upper keel, and a large groove in the middle of the shell : beaks little prominent ; with a lunule : inside pink, tooth little elevated, almost obsolete in one valve. 1^ . . 1^. — S. America. U. FOSSICULIFERUS. Lett. MoNOCONDYLEA F. D'Ofbig. in 3Iag. de Z. 1835. Ovate, compressed, thickish, wrinkled by striae, greenish brown, posteriorly much shorter and rounded, an- teriorly very broad and extremely dilated, seeming almost winged, the ligamental edge being above the level of the beaks and angulated at its extremity, umbonal ridge sharp, ventral edge much arcuated, beaks obtuse : within irridescent, white with violet spots, a tooth and fossicle in each valve. 3. — S. America. U. MiNUAN.us. Lea. — Monocondylea M. Z>' Orbig. S. Am. t. 70. f. 8, 9, 10. Ovate-oblong, thick, inflated, smoothish or wrinkled, posteriorly short, rounded, and the dorsal edge incurved, anterior dorsal edge straight and angulated at its extremity : beaks prominent and lunate ; cuticle greenish, marked anteriorly with one or two greenish lines : inside greenish white, the tooth lamellar elevated obtuse. 1^ . . \^. — S. America. U. Margaritiferus.* Drav. 132. /. 10. /. 17, 8, 9.—Pfeif, t. 5./. \\.—Ross. f. 72. 74. \29.— Turt. M. /. 9.— Mya M. Lin.—D. p. 52.— TF. t. 2./. 30.— List. t. \A9.—Schrce. F. t. 4. ./. 1. — U. SiNUATA. Lam. ^' Pfeif. — U. Elongata & Roissyi. Michel. Elongated-oblong, transverse, inequilateral, rather com- pressed, thick, heavy, black brown, umbones usually eroded, and the ventral edge (save in the young,) incurved centrally and little arcuated; anterior side twice as long as posterior ; its dorsal edge short with an obtuse angle at its end rounded posteriorly ; a short crested irregular posterior tooth in one valve, shutting between two in the other. 3. — Europe. U. HoLSTONiANUS. Lea. — Marg. H. Lea. on U. 2. p. 42. t. 13. f. 37. Transverse, very inequilateral, thinnish, olslong, rounded at both ends and the ventral edge incurved in the middle ; the beaks somewhat prominent and undulated ; cuticle brown, wrinkled and apparently rayless ; nacre white and irridescent : cardinal teeth large, l^. . 2f . — R. Holston. U. Fabula. Zm.— Marg. F. Lea. on U. 2. p. 44. t. 13./. 39. Transverse, inequilateral, somewhat inflated, thickish, flattened on the side, suboblong, ventral edge incurved, umbonal slope raised ; beaks rather prominent, ligament short ; cuticle greenish with in- distinct rays, nacre salmon coloured : cardinal teeth small and erect. I" . . ^.— Tennessee. 214 testaceous mollusca. Division C. A linear tooth tinder the dorsal edge. U. BiALATA. Desh. in Lam. — Dipsas Plicatus. Leach.— Mytilus DuBius. Gmel. — Anodon Dipsas. BIain.t.66.f.3. — A. Alatus. Sow — Symphonota B. Lea. on U. 1. p. 59. 1. 14. Triangular-ovate, inequilateral, subventricose, transversely and finely wrinkled, dorsal edge suddenly raised at its extremities into two wings, the anterior one the largest : valves thin, connate before and behind the beaks which are not prominent but undulated as well as the base and summit of the anterior wing : sides and ventral edge simply rounded : cuticles having yellow and purple brown with green oblique rays, nacre pearly and irridescent : one lamelliform curved tooth in each valve. 2 (from beak) . . 3|. — Canton. U. DiscoiDEus. Lea. — Symphonota D. Lea. Trans. Am. Ph. 5. t. 11./. 33.— U. Tenuis .j- Anod. T. Grif. Cuv. Transverse, subrhomboidal, dorsal edge nearly straight, ventral strongly arcuated ; veiy thin, compressed, inequilateral, finely ■wrinkled, connate anteriorly : beaks very slightly undulated, com- pressed, ligament linear ; cuticle dark bi'own, nacre white and irridescent ; teeth in both valves forming a simple line. 2f . . 3-^^ — Java? HYRIA. Equivahe, obliquely triangular, auriculated, the dorsal edge trun- cated and straight : hinge with two little elevated teeth, the posterior or cardinal one divided into numerous diverging por- tions, (the inner portions being the smaller) ; the anterior or lateral tooth very elongated and lamellar. Ligament external and linear. H. Syrmatophora. Sow. G. f. 1. — Reeve, t. 90. f. 1.— Mya S. Gronov. t. 18. /. l.—D. p. 54.— TF. t. 2./. 36.— List. t. 160. y. 16. — H. AvicuLARis. Var. B. Lam. Ovate-subrhomboidal, dark olive, nearly smooth, hinge margin straight and forming short wings at its extremities, anterior edge almost direct and straight so as nearly to form a rectangle with the ventral : posterior side nar- row, the edge uniting with the ventral in an oblique curve : tumid, the anterior slope very flattened and bounded posteriorly by an obtuse ridge. 2\ . . Guinea ? H. AvicuLARTs. Lam. \. — Del. t. 12. f. 9. — H. Elongata. Swain. Ex. Con. t. 24. Oblong-subtriangular, hinge margin with produced and narrow wings at its extremities : anterior edge form- ing an acute angle with the ventral edge, which forms one uninter- rupted line with that of the very attenuated posterior extremity : convex, nearly smooth, the cuticle brown and the anterior slope simple. 3^. — Guiana. TRIBE NAYADES. 215 H. CoRRUGATA. Lam. 2.—E. t 247./. 2.— Reeve, t. 90./. 2. — Mya Angulata. W. S. t. 1./. 12. Triangular, posteriorly narrower and obliquely rounded, the beaks with longitudinal "wrinkles, which anteriorly become coarser and subdivided, with transverse groove-like striae; the ears short, the anterior one obtuse. — Variety. Sow. G.f. 2. The anterior ear sinuous at the base and somewhat plaited : cuticle dark brown. 3|. — Guiana. H. Browniana.— Unio B. Lea. on U. 2. /). 108. t. 24. f. 116. Triangular, inflated very inequilateral, winged anteriorly, thick ; beaks prominent ; epidermis striated, dark brown, nacre white ; cardinal teeth rather large and striated, lateral long and nearly straight. 1 . . 2. — R. Amazon. ANODONTA. Equivalve, inequilateral and transverse; hinge linear, without teeth ; dorsal edge glabrous, adnate and anteriorly either trun- cated or forming a simis ; two lateral, r-emote, twin, muscular impressions ; ligament linear, external, sunk in a cleft at the anterior extremity. * No distinct angle at the posterior extremity of the hinge margin. Symphonote. A. Wahlamatensis. Lea. on U. 2. p. 78. t 20. /. 64. Obtusely triangular, w^inged, somewhat inflated, thin, inequilateral, connate over the ligament ; beaks rather compressed, yellowish and undulated at the tip, cuticle rather smooth and shining, having a small dark band at the line of growth near the margin : nacre white. ]| . . 2^. — Near the Rocky Mountains. A. Magnifica. Lea. — Symphonota M. Lea. Am. Ph. Tr. 1837. p. 43. t. 5. /. 14. Rounded-ovate, inequilateral, thin, very inflated near the beaks, the dorsal edge almost straight and sharply angulated at the extremities, the anterior edge obliquely sloping, the ventral simply but strongly arcuated ; beaks inflated and near the tips undulated ; cuticle smooth, yellow, with numerous green rays, nacre pearly and highly irridescent (sometimes tinged -with salmon and pink) ; scars scarcely perceptible. 2J_ . . 32^ — Canton. A. Woodiana. Lea. — Symphonota W. Lea. Am.. Ph. Tr, 1837./ 42. t. 5. /. 13. Transversely-ovate-subpentangular, thin, turned over the umbones, posteriorly very short, narrower and obtuse, anterior edge almost forming a right angle with the sinuated ventral which curves outwards near the middle ; anterior slope cari- nate ; ligamental edge nearly straight and direct : cuticle dark 216 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. brown and obscurely rayed ; beaks undulated, nacre pearly-white and irridescent. 2^ . . 3|-. — China. A. Benedictensis. Lea, — Symphonota B. Lea. in Am. Ph. Tr. 1837. t. I6.y. 48. Trapezoidal, transverse, inequilateral, rather compressed, very thin ; dorsal line nearly straight ; forming an obtuse angle at each extremity, ventral edge scarcely arcuated ; beaks somewhat prominent and granulated at the tip ; cuticle shin- ing yellowish olive; nacre bluish white and irridescent, scars scarcely perceptible, 2J-..3f. — Lake CiLamplain. A. NuTTALiANA, Lea. on U. 2. ;?. 77 . t. 20. /. 62. Winged, elliptical, flattened on the side and enlarged on the umbonal slope, ventral edge subincurved ; inequilateral, smooth, thin : beaks com- pressed and undulated at the tip : umbonal slope furnished with several impressed lines : cuticle smooth, polished, having a dark broadband at the line of growth near the margin: nacre white. li 9 3 Non-Symphonote. — A. Oval. A. Cygnea.* Lam. 1. — Mytilus C. Lin. 1158. — D. p. 315. — W. t, \2.f.32. Oval, tumid, rounder and ventricose pos- teriorly, compressed and more or less angular anteriorly, cuticle olive green ; in the young the anterior slope is more dilated and compressed. — Variety 1. Myt. Cellensis. Schroe. t. 2.f. 1. — A. Sulcata. Lam. 3.— Turt. 3Ian. t. \.f. 8. Large, ovate- oblong, very ventricose, thin, bi'ittle, rather produced anteriorly, upper and lower edges nearly parallel and straight. — Variety 2. Very like the last ; but shorter and the lower edge rather more rounded. — Variety 3. Pen. 4. t. 67./. 78. Very like the two former, but shorter and the lower edge still more rounded. — Variety 4. A. PisciNALis. Drap. t. \2.f.2. Moderate, rather rhombic- oval, ventricose, rather thick, often beautifully coloured, produced anteriorly with the wing more compressed and elevated. — Variety 5. Possm. t. 20. /. 284. Moderate, oblong, rather rhombic, rather compressed, brownish, much produced anteriorly, very short and rounded posteriorly. — Variety 6. Intermedia. Lam. 10. Pass. t. ?>.f. &S. Moderate, obovate, obliquely truncated anteriorly, compressed, striated, brownish green, and yellow zoned. — Variety 7. A. PoNDEROSA. Po.ssm. 4. t. 20. f. 282. Moderate, ovate, rather rhombic, ventricose thick, solid rough, internally white, anterior slope subangular and rather truncated at the anterior ex- tremity, covered with a calcareous deposit. — Variety 8. Small elliptical ovate, brittle, rather produced anteriorly : short and rounder posteriorly. 7. — Europe. A. Anatina. Lam. 22. — Mytilus A. Lin. 1158. — D. p. 317. — Ch. f. 7^3. Ovate-oblong, fragile, posteriorly rounded, anteriorly subangulated, with unequal transverse grooves ; beaks TUIBE NAYADES. 21? retuse. Etiroj)e. — Closely resembling Cygnea, but never so dilated posteriorly. A. Fragilis. L(im. a. — Del. t. 13._/". 2. Narrow ovate, tliin, very fragile, rhombic and compressed, anteriorly short and pos- teriorly rounded, with distant transverse grooves, ventral edge entire : beaks slightly prominent and undulatingly wrinkled ; cuticle, greenish olive : inside blnish. 2^. — Nenifoundland. — Ohio. A. Fluviatilis. Lea. — Gould. Mas. p. 117./. 80.— Myti- Lus F. D. p. 316.— List. t. 157. /• ]2.— W. t. 12. f. 35.— A. Cataracta. Say. hi Nich. Eiw. Amer. 4. t. 3. _/'. 4. — Lam. 5. — A. Marginatus. Say. — A. Teres. Conrad. Suboval, thin, inflated ; hinge margin straight, posteriorly imperfectly angu- lated and nearly as high as it is anteriorly where it forms an obtuse angle at the termination of the ligament and declining in a straight line forms a somewhat produced blunted point (this margin is com- pressed into a sort of crest) ; ventral edge much arcuated ; beaks moderately elevated, situated at the posterior two -fifths of the shell, minutely undulated at the tip : cuticle deep grass green, obscurely rayed, darker above the anterior ridge ; nacre silvery or tinged with bluish or yellowish. 2J . . 4^. — Massachusets, c^c. — Very like Cygnea. A. Crispata. Lam. 7' — E.t.203.J'. 3. Oblong-ovate, rather depressed, thin, yellowish bi'own, contracted in the middle, with small crowded radiating flattened ribs decussated by numerous arched and undulated furrows. 2. — Beaks sitiiatedat two-sevenths from the narrowed and rounded posterior extremity. A. Uniopsis. Lam. 8. Oblong-ovate, anteriorly subangulated, brown, transversely striated ; beaks rather prominent with the ligament passing between them and the hinge : within bluish to- wards the margin and the hinge plate thickish and terminated posteriorly by a somewhat prominent callus. 2j. A. Undulata. Say. in Nic. Enc. Am. 4 t. 3.f. 6. — Gould. Mass.p. 120./. 79.— A. Pensylvanica. Lam. 9.— Del. t. 13./ 4. — A. RuGosus. Swain. Zool. LI. t. 96. Oblong-ovate, thick, posteriorly rather shorter and rounded, anteriorly very obtusely bi- angulated, dorsal and ventral edges subparallel and but little arcuated : beaks prominent, with four or five small undulations ; cuticle dark brown, radiated, coarsely wrinkled towards the ventral edge ; inner disc pale salmon, inner margin broad, olive ; hinge margin undulated and with the vestige of a tooth. 2 . . 3\. — Mas- sachusets. A. Exotica. Ljam. 12. — Del.t. \3.J'. ]. Ovate-oblong, thick, transversely grooved and the cuticle olive green, much attenuated posteriorly ; posterior end of hinge margin terminated by an angle ; ventral edge posteriorly incurved ; beaks prominent, cardinal sinus large; irridesicent within. 5^. —Peru. 218 TESTACKOUS MOLLUSCA. A. Edentula. Lea. — Alasmodonta E. Say. — An. Areo- LATUS. Stvain. ZooL III. 2cl series. Transversely-oval, inequi- lateral, sides rounded both above and below, convex, ventral edge arcuated, ligamental edge direct ; umbones small, bent, not touch- ing ; with a short undulated projection of the hinge margin in one valve and a corresponding concavity in the other, both placed beneath the umbones ; cuticle dark olive, smooth. 2. — N. America. A. Pavonia. Lea. on U. 2. p. 78. t. 21./. 65. Elliptical, in- flated, inequilateral, thin : beaks somewhat prominent and with rather large undulations at the tip : ligament rather short and thin : cuticle smooth shining, with numerous dark green rays which diverge to the whole margin : nacre bluish. 1^ . . 3. — Ohio. A. LiMNOiCA. D'Orbig. in Mag. de Z. 1835. Oblong, sub- inflated, rather smooth, thin, green, short and rounded posteriorly, elongated broad, almost angulated, yellowish, anteriorly ; nacre pink, li . . 2. — S. America. A. Trigona. Spix. Test. Braz.t. 22. f. 2. Ovate-triangular inequilateral, compressed solid, transversely grooved, with a longi- tudinal gibbous elevation in the middle ; anteriorly somewhat beaked and acuminated, posteriorly rounded, ventral edge anteriorly incurved ; dorsal edge straight anteriorly angulated and winged : beaks depressed and decorticated, umbones flattened. 1 . . If. — Brazil. A. Purpurea. Valen. Zool. to Humb. voy. t. 48. his. f. 3. Transverse, elliptic, rich brown, transversely striated ; dorsal edge nearly straight ; anterior side compressed, the edge obtusely angu- lated, the slope not ridged ; ventral edge incurved in the middle : beaks decorticated ; inside purple. 1^ . . 2^. — Philippines. A. Ferussacciana. Lea. Am. Ph. Tr. 1837. t. 6. /. 15. p. 45. Oblong-subcylindraceous, thin, inequilateral, inflated, ventral and ligamental edges nearly straight and subparallel (the former very slightly incurved,) dorsal margin curved immediately under the point of the beak ; posteriorly rounded shorter and narrower, an- teriorly somewhat angulated : cuticle dark olive, shining, with obsolete rays ; beaks somewhat prominent, very slightly undulated ; nacre bluish white and irridescent : scars perceptible. 1^ . . 3^. — Ohio. A. Salmonia. Lea. on U. 2. p. Ab.t. 14. f. 41. Elhptical, transverse, inflated, very inequilateral, within salmon colour, and usually very rough ; thin, ventral edge subincurved ; beaks some- what prominent and slightly undulated at the tip, the ligament rather short ; cuticle dark brown, sometimes with yellow bands. l|..2Jo.— 0/«o. A. Incerta. Lea. Am. Ph. Tr. 1837. t. 6./. 16.— Imbe- ciLLis ? Say. Elongated-elliptic, very thin, inflated, posteriorly shorter and rounded, anteriorly subangulated ; dorsal line nearly TRIBE NAYADES. 219 straight subparallel to the ventral which is scarcely at all arcuated : beaks flattened and minutely undulated : cuticle very smooth, green and olive green with obsolete rays (the three anterior more distinct) nacre bluish white and irridescent, scars nearly perceptible. 1 ^ . . 3 J-. — Ohio. A. Newtonensis. Lea. on U. 2. p. 79. t. 21. f. 66. Narrow elliptical, inflated, thick, ventral edge entire, inequilateral ; beaks somewhat prominent and rather largely undulated at the tip : liga- ment rather short : cuticle dark brown, shining, apparently ray- less : nacre white, sometimes salmon 2 j'g . . 4^. — New Jersey. A. MoRTONiANA. Lea. Am. Ph. Tr. 183'7. t. 13. /. 37. — A. Chiquitana. D'0rb.in3Iag.de Z. 1835. Transversely sub- elliptical somewhat inflated, thick, the ventral and ligamental edge nearly parallel and scarcely curved, anteriorly subbiangulated, pos- teriorly very short and narrow : grooved along the umbonal slope ; beaks retuse and scarcely prominent : cuticle intensely brown and slightly wrinkled ; nacre silvery white and irridescent. 1|^ . . 3. — M. Parana, S. Ainerica. A. OvATA. Lea. on. U. 2. p. 2. t. 2./. 2. Ovate, somewhat compressed, transverse inequilateral, thinnish, ventral edge rounded; beaks somewhat prominent and granular at tip ; ligament rather short : cuticle greenish brown, wrinkled, apparently ray less ; nacre white or bluish. 2^ . . 4. — Ohw. A. Plana. Lea. Am. Ph. Tr. 1837. t. 7. — Declivis. Conr. Ovate-oblong, inequilateral, thick, rather compressed, anteriorly subangular, dorsal line slightly curved, ventral edge but slightly arcuated, posterior side but little narrower ; beaks elevated, granular at the tip ; cuticle smooth, olive to dark green, brighter on the beaks, rays obsolete ; nacre white (rarely salmon near the beaks,) scars perceptible. 3^1q . . 5|. — Louisville, N. America. A. Decora. Lea. on U. 2. p. 64. t. 20. f. 63. Elliptical, thin, nearly straight on the dorsal margin, inequilateral, angular an- teriorly ; beaks rather prominent and undulated in a double series at the tip ; ligament rather long and straight ; cuticle smooth and shining, rayed with green beyond the subcentral dark band ; anterior slope dark, with three rays : nacre white just tinged with salmon in the cavity. 2^ . . 3^^. — Ohio. A. Gigantea. Lea. on U. 2. p. I. t. 1. Ovate oblong, inflated, thick, posteriorly broad, anteriorly very produced and subcuneiform from the great slope of the ligamental margin ; beaks prominent, granular at tip ; cuticle dark brown, smooth ; ventral edge incurved anteriorly; nacre white and richly pearly. 4^ . . 7^. — Port Gibson.^ A. Oregonensis. Jjea. on U. 2. p. 80. t. 21. f. 67. Some- ' Add likewise the A. Sxjbvexa oJ" Conrad. 220 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. what winged, rather inflated, elliptical, inequilateral, thin : beaks scarcely prominent and undulate at tip ; cuticle olive somewhat shining and striate; nacre white. 1J^..3;^. — Near the Rochj Mountains. A. Pepiniana. Lea. on U.2.j).96. t. 16. f. 51. Trapezoidal, inequilateral, rather inflated, flattened on the sides, thin, transverse, carinate anteriorly : beaks prominent : umbonal slope rather elevated and rounded : cuticle ti'ansversely striated, with the lines of growth strongly marked and apparently without rays ; nacre white. l}..2.—OJiio.^ A. Wardiana. Lea. on U. 2. p. 46. t. \4.f. 42. Elliptical transverse, thin, somewhat inflated, inequilateral, at the base sub- emarginate, dorsal margin curved under the beak : umbonal slope rounded : beaks prominent, concentrically undulated at the tip : ligament rather short ; cuticle green, disposed to be yellow on the anterior slope and the beaks : nacre bluish. l-J^ . . 3. — Ohio. A. Stewartiana. Lea. on U. c^' in Amer. Phil. Tr. 6. Rounded-ovate, very thin, much inflated, anteriorly subangulated, posteriorly short and narrower, dorsal line rather short, nearly straight and forming obtuse angles at both extremities, ventral edge convex ; beaks prominent and granulated at the tip in a short double series ; cuticle roughish, olive green, obtusely rayed ; nacre bluish white, irridescent, sometimes tinged with salmon colour about the beaks. 2 . . 2>^q. — Louisiana." A. Grandis. Say. in Transyhxinia Journal. — A. Corpu- lenta. Cooper. Very large, subovate ; disc unequally wrinkled and undulated transversely, dark yellowish brown : umbo elevated; beak slightly elevated, with generally two or three small sinuous acute undulations ; hinge margin slightly arcuated, sometimes nearly rectilinear, somewhat angulated at its anterior termination, thence the edge descends by a nearly rectilinear or slightly concave line to the anterior margin, which is considerably narrowed ; sinus of the hinge margin concave ; posterior margin widely rounded ; within white margined particularly in front, with dusky. 5 . . 7^- —R. Wabash. B. Ohovate. A. Trapezialis. Lam. U.—Ch.f. 762.— E. t. 205. /. 1.— Exot. Conch, t. 36. Ovate, fragile, tumid, posterior slope elevated compressed and more winged than the anterior, pale yellowish olive subradiated posteriorly by darker lines : umbones broad, 1 Add likewise the A. Chaiziana. Rang. 2 Add likewise the A. Gibbosa of Say. TRIBE NAYADES. 221 smooth, and prominent : within pearly, with purple stains beneath the hinge. 3j. A. Glauca. iMm. 13. — Del. t. 13. ,/". 3. — Valen. in Hum. Zool. Obovate, tumid, thin, fragile, obsoletely rayed, with green on an olive ground, compressed and winged anteriorly, posteriorly very short, narrower and obliquely rounded at the ventral margin. 3J. — Acapulco in America. A. Patagonica. Lam. 15. — E. t. 203. f. I. Obovate, anteriorly angulated, compressed and carinated on the anterior slope, yellowish or brownish green, with concentric transverse striae and grooves ; beaks slightly prominent ; sides rounded ; ventral edge simply arcuated, not incurved ; sinus of posterior hinge margin very short, incurved and angulated at its extremity. 3. — Patagonia and La Plata. A. Obtusa. Spix. Test. Braz. t. 22. f. 3, 4. Oblong-ovate, obtuse, very slightly dilated anteriorly, solid, transversely grooved : dorsal edge straightish, winged and angulated at each extremity ; beaks prominent and decorticated : umbones flattened and smootliish, edges thin and sharp: cuticle olive with obsolete radiating blackish lines, (in the young with additional angularly flexuons transverse ones ;) nacre bluish and irridescent. \\ . . 2. — Brazil. A. SiRiONos. D'Orhig. in Mag. de Z. 1835. Obovate, compressed, thin, olive coloured, very inequilateral, the posterior side narrowed, ligamental edge elevated and angulated at the extre- mity, the posterior dorsal edge short and incurved, posterior edge obliquely sloping to meet the much arcuated ventral margin : nacre greenish. 2f . . 4. — Bolivar. A. Latomarginata. Lea. Am. Ph. Tr. 1837. t. 12./. 34.— D'Orb. — A. Trapezius? Spix. — A. Rotundus ? Spix. Trans' versely obovate, inflated, thick, posteriorly very short and narrow, anteriorly dilated and obtuse, dorsal line little curved : cuticle reddish brown, finely wrinkled ; nacre pearly white and irridescent, with a broad horn-coloured border at the rounded ventral edge ; sinus long and pointed to the interior of the disc. 2|- . . 3|-. — P. Parana, S. America. A. Spixii. B^Orh. in Mag. de Z. 1835. — A, Trapezium. Spix. Braz. t. 20. f. 1. Ovate-trapeziform, ventricose, anteriorly dilated and rounded, posteriorly much narrower, thick, trans- versely striated ; dorsal line somewhat curved, the anterior slope elevated and obtusely angulated, posteriorly terminated by an acute angle ; margins attenuated and acute : beaks prominent, inflexed, decorticated ; umbones inflated ; hinge-lamina somewhat curved and terminated anteriorly by an angular sinus : cuticle olive green, nacre smooth, bluish-white irridescent. 2 . . 2^. — Brazil. A. PoRCiFER. Gray. Z. P. 1834. Ovate, subvcntricose, thick, 222 TESTACEOUS MOLLtJSCA. (Solid, posteriorly convex and rounded, anteriorly produced, "vrith an angular ridge near the depression of the anterior margin ; ventral margin anteriorly roundish ; disc very glossy, irridescent, pearly, cuticle black with green rays. Paraguay. A. Anserina. Spix. Test. Braz. t. 21. Ovate-oblong, anteriorly dilated, posteriorly somewhat narrowed, solid, transversely grooved : dorsal edge straight, the anterior slope elevated, com- pressed and winged, posteriorly ending in an acute angle : beaks decorticated and rather prominent, hinge margin ending anteriorly in a triangular sinus ; cuticle olive, nacre bluish and irridescent. A. Parishit. Gray. Z. P. 1834. Ovate, ventricose, solid posteriorly compressed, somewhat produced and rather slender ; anteriorly expanded, dilated and rounded ; hinge margin straight, equalling in length the half of the ventral : disc pearly white ; cuticle blackish brown. 3| . . 7\. — Paraguay. A. Blainvilliana. Lea. Am. Ph. T>\ 1837. t. 12./. 35.— Trapezialis. Crouch. Lam. — Iridina F. D'Orb. Subovate, transverse, inflated, thickish ; posteriorly very short and extremely narrow, the straight dorsal line forming an acute angle with the arcuated ventral ; anteriorly much dilated, obtusely biangulated ; gaping at both ends ; beaks somewhat prominent ; palleal scar broad and much incurved anteriorly ; cuticle greenish ? nacre salmon and pearly. 1 ^^^ . . 3. Chili? A. Crassa. Swain. Z. III. \st. ser. t. 167. Oval, broad, thick, hinge margin subarcuated, raised anteriorly, and sharply angulated at both extremities ; ventral edge much arcuated, rounded anteriorly and meeting the posterior in an uninterrupted very oblique sweep ; umbonal slope elevated and somewhat angulated, umbones thick and prominent, but obtuse at their apex ; cuticle dark grass green, nearly smooth, except anteriorly where the hues of growth are coarse. A. Angulata. Lea. on U. 2. p. 97. t. 16. f. 52. Subcunei- form, posteriorly shorter, compressed, attenuated and rounded at the tip, anteriorly inflated, winged angulated above and below : the dorsal edge ascending, ventral edge nearly straight : cuticle green and smooth ; (but the anterior slope is rugged and strongly carinated:) nacre salmon. 2f. — California. C. Round. A. SuBORBicuLATA. Say . Am. Cou. t. 11. Ovate orbicular, rather compressed, inequilateral, pale olivaceous tinted with flesh- colour, with very slender and numerous almost capillary obsolete greenish radii (sometimes with more or less obvious transverse yel- TRIBE NAYADES. 223 lowisli bands towards the base : ) beaks not elevated : binge margin rectilinear compressed posteriorly, and anteriorly compressed almost to a wing, ligament almost concealed : posterior margin rounded, anterior a little prominent obtusely angulated, ventral much arcuated ; inside as much undulated as without, pale bluish varied with pale flesh. 4 . . 5-^^. — iV. America. D. Wide. A. Elongata. Swain, Z. II. \st. ser. Transversely elongated oblong, convex, thick, posteriorly very short and rounded above and below, anteriorly produced compressed attenuated but rounded at the tip, ventral edge little arcuated and incurved subcentrally ; cuticle fulvous, nearly smooth, umbones convex, remarkably thick and deeply eroded : inside pearly and irridescent with a tinge of flesh colour, hinge plate rather convex. 1^ . . 2f . — S. America ? A. Ensiformis. Spix. Test. Braz. t. 24. — D' Orb. Trans- verse, four times as broad as long, posteriorly rounded and very short, anteriorly produced into a long attenuated beak, thick, transversely furrowed, ventral edge incurved ; beaks retuse, decorticated, um- bones depressed ; cutile olive, nacre bluish and irridescent. \\ . .\%.— Brazil A. Cylindracea. Lea. on V. 2. p. 45. t. 13. f. 40. Subcylindrical, very transverse, posteriorly very short and rounded, anteriorly produced and rounded biangular, the hgamental edge straight and long, ventral incurved and little rounded : thin, the cuticle dark brown covered with capillary rays : umbonal slope rounded : beaks somewhat prominent : nacre blue and irridescent. li'o • • '^io-—Vera Cruz. A. SuBCYLiNDRACEA. Lca. Oil U. 2. f. 106. t. 24 .y. 117. Elhp- tical, twice as broad as long, subcylindraceous, very thin, posteriorly short and rounded, anteriorly produced and obtuse, ligamental and ventral edges nearly straight, the latter subincurved : beaks some- what prominent and minutely undulated at the tip : cuticle brown and rayless : nacre bluish and irridescent. 2^^. — New York. A. BucHANENsis.i Lea. OH U. 2. p. 47. t. 14./. 23. Trans- verse inflated, thin, subcylindrical, posteriorly short and rounded, anterior very produced and obtuse, ventral edge incurved, sides flat- tened ; umbonal slope elevated and rounded ; beaks somewhat prominent and minutely undulated : cuticle greenish, darker on 1 Add likewise the A. Arcuata of Ferussac, the A. Esula of Cristofori and Jan's Catalogue {Iridina E. of D'Orbigny) and the A. 6'cor7?"«« of Gray figured {^lolluaca. t. 19. /. 23.), but not described in Griffith's edition of Cuvier. 224 TESTACEOUS MOLLUSCA. the anterior slope: nacre white, bluish anteriorly. 1 /^ . . 3. — Ohio. A. SiNuosA, Lam. 14. — E t. 203. f. 2. Oval, transversely- striated, contracted at the ventral margin, hinge margin waved and sinuous, being concave at the posterior extremity, with whose edge it forms a sharp angle : beaks moderately prominent, smooth, and spotted with violet : brilliant and irridescent within. 3^. A. ExiLis. Lea. on U. 2. 2^-81. t. 22. f. 68. Wide, very much compressed, very thin, slender, rounded and very short posteriorly, produced and angulated anteriorly : beaks scarcely prominent ; ligament long and thin ; cuticle smooth brown, apparently rayless : nacre bluish and irridescent. If . . 6|^. A. Tenebricosa. Lea. in Am. Ph. Tr. 1837. t. 12./ 36.— jyOrh. in Mag. de Z. 1835. Subelliptic, transverse, thick, rounded above and below at both extremities, dorsal line little curved, ventral edge incurved in the middle ; posterior side short and nar- rower, ligament long and thick : cuticle dark olive brown, wrinkled, obscurely rayed on the anterior slope ; nacre pearly white, clouded with bluish purple, irridescent, with a broad horn-coloured border : sinus incurved. l-A. -S-j^jj. li. Pararia, S. America.^ 1 However closely approximating Anodon, the genus Mycetopus, cannot (being subequilateral,) be strictly included under Lamarck's definition of that genus. MYCETOPUS. D'Orbigny. Thin, extremely elongated transversely, suharcuated, equivalve, suhequilateral, gaping at hothend.f, {chiejly so j)Osteriorly) clothed with an olive green cuticle, bluish internally ; umbones cent7-al, biangulated, curving inwards : hinge linear, sti'aight, toothless ; ligament margbial and thin : muscidar impressions rather indistinct, compound. M. SoLENiFORMis. B'Orb. Mag. deZ. 1835.^. 41. — Reeve. Sy. t.94. Extremely elongated, subcylindraceous, suharcuated, in- flated, thin, rather smooth, greenish brown ; beaks central, anteriorly rounded ; posteriorly biangulated broad ; ventral edge concave ; bluish within. 2 . . 9. — Bolivar. M. SiLiQuosus. D'Orb. in Mag. de Z. 1835. — Anodon S. Spix. Test. Braz. t. 23. f. 2.— A. Longinum. Spix. t. 22. f. 2. A. Pygm^um. t. 23. f. 34. Elongated, compressed, straight, extremely thin, smooth, pellucid, yellowish green ; beaks thrice as near the posterior as the anterior, anteriorly truncated and rounded, posteriorly long and broad, subrhomboidal ; ventral edge convex : inside bluish white. l+.-O. — Bolivar. SYSTEMATIC LIST SHELLS FIGURED IN THIS WORK, WITH REFERENCES TO THE DESCRIPTIONS. ASPERGILLUM. Javanum p. 1. t. 38. f. 34. Vaginiferum p. 1. sup. t. 9. f.23. Novae Zelandiae p. 2. sup, t. 9. f. 54. Agglutinansp.2. sup.t.lO.f. 19. CLAVAGELLA. Apertap. 2. sup. t. 9.f. 21. Elongata p. 2. sup. t. 1 1. f. 1. 2. Lata p. 2. sup. t. 11. f. 4. Melitensis p. 2. sup. t. 11, f. 3. Australis p. 2. sup, t, 9. f. 22. Balanorum p. 2. sup. t. 10. f. 21, FISTULANA. Clavap, 3. sup, t. 11. f. 5. Gregata p. 3. t. 38. ter. f. 4. Lagenulap. 3. sup, t, 13,f. 59. SEPTARIA. Arenaria p. 3. t. 38. ter. f. 1. TEREDO. Navalisp. 3. t, 38, ter, f, 2. Palmulatap, 4, sup. t. 11. f. 13 Bipennata p. 4. sup. t. 9. f. 50. Corniformis p. 4. t. 38. ter. f. 3. and sup. t. 9. f. 49. Nana p. 4. sup, t. 11. f. 22. Malleolus p. 4. sup. t. 1 1. f. 23. PHOLAS. Dactylus p, 5, t. 2. f. I. Orientalis p. 5, t. 2. f. 2. Candida p. 5. t. 2. f. 3. Parva p. 5, t. 2. f. 6. Silicula p. 6. sup. t. 9. f. 58. Costata p. 6. t. 2, f. 4, Truncata p. 6. sup. t. 9. f. 26. Crucigerap. 6, sup, t, 11, f. 53. Campechensis p, 6. sup. t, 9. f. 44. Clausa p. 6, sup, t. 11, f. 8. Crispatap. 7* t, 2. f, 5. Clavata p. 7- 1. 2. f. 7. Ovum p. 7. sup. t. 1. f. 4. Falcata p. 7- t. 2. f. 8. Acuminata p. 8, sup. t. 9. f. 30. Calit'ornica p. 8. sup. t. 9. f. 43. Papyracea p. 9. sup. t. 1. f. 1.2. Tuberculata p. 9. sup. t. 1, f. 3. Xylophaga Dorsalis p. 10. sup. t. 11. f. 21. Xylophaga Globosa p. 10. sup. t. 9. f. 51. GASTROCH^NA. Cuneiformis p. 10. t. 2. phol. f. 11. My tiloides p. 10. sup . t. 9 . f. 37- Modiolina p. 10. t. 2. f. 23. Truncata p. 10. sup. t. 9. f. 40. Ovata p. 10. sup. t. 9. f. 42. SOLEN. Vagina p. 11. t. 3. f. 3. Corneus p. 11. sup. t. 10. f. 42. Vaginoides p.ll. sup. t. 1. f. 2. Siliquap. 11. t. 3. f. 1. Ensis p. 11. t. 3. f. 6. Linearis p. 12, t. 3. f. 5. Scalprump. 12. sup. t. 11. f. 26. Sloaniip. 12. sup. t. 11. f. 18. Truncatus p. 12. t. 3. f. 4. Guinensis p. 12. sup. t, 13. f. 28- Brevis p. 12. sup. t. 13. f. 42. Thuelchap. 13. sup. 1. 10. f. 30- Pygmaeus p. 13. t. 3, f. 7. Ambiguus p. 13. sup. t. 11. f.l7. Cultellus p. 13. t. 3. f. 9. Planus p. 13. t. 3. f. 17- Legumen p. 13. t. 3. f. 8. Dombei p. 13. sup. t. 9. f. 19. Javanicus p.l4. sup. t. 11. f. 19. Caribgeus p. 14. t. 3. f. 15. Coarctatusp. 14. t. 3. f. 10. Strigilatus p. 14. t. 3. f. 12. Radiatus p. 14. t. 3. f. 14. Politus p. 14. sup. t. 1. f. 6. Candidas p. 15. sup. t. ll.f.29. Solidus p. 15. sup. t. 9. f. 16. Inflexus p. 15. t. 3. f. 18. Orbiculatus p. 15. sup. t. 1. f. 4, Costatus p. 15. sup. t.9. f. 28 Medius p. 15. sup. t. 10. f. 18. Maximus p. 15. t. 3. f. 16. Bidens p. 16. t. 3. f. 11. Tenuis p. 16. sup. t. 1. f. 5. Novaculina p. 16. sup. 1. 10. f. 7. Californianus p. 16. sup. t. 10. f. 4. Acutidens p. 17. sup. 1. 11. f.36. Acuminatus p. 17. sup. t. 11. f. 35. Niveus App, sup. t. 12. f. 40. Cylindraceus app. sup. t, 12. f.4l Philippinarum app. sup. t. 12. f. 42. GLAUCONOME. Chinensis p. 17- sup. 1. 10. f. 17. Rogosus APP. sup. t. 10. f. 24. SOLENELLA. Norrisii p. 17- sup. t. 10. f. 8. PANOP^A. Aldrovandip. 18. t. 3. f. 41. Zelanica p. 18. sup. t. 9. f. 59. Australis p. 18. sup. t. 9. f. 21. Arctica p. 18. sup. t. 10. f, 43. PHOLADOMYA. Candida p. 18. sup. t. 9. f, 57. GLYCIMERIS. Siliquap. 19. t. 2. f. 10. Membranacea : (Anatina. M. p- 23.) t. 2. f. 14. MYA. Truncatap. 19. t. 2. f. 1. Arenaria p. 19. t. 2. f. 2. Cancellata p.20. sup. t.l3. f. 60. Semistriatap.20. sup. t.lO. f. 16. ANATINA. Lanternap. 20. t. 3. f. 30. Truncatap. 20. sup. t. 11. f. 21. Subrostrata p. 20. t, 3. sol. f. 1. Globulosa p. 20. t. 2. mya. f. 6. Globosa p. 23. t. 2. mya. f. 5. Elliptica p. 23. sup. t. 9. f. 46. Praetenuis p. 23. t. 2. mya. f. 3- Distortap. 23. t. 2. f. 15. Papyraceap.23. sup. t.lO. f. 12. Leana p. 24. sup. t. 9. f. 33. Elongata p. 24. sup. 1. 10. f. 15. MYODORA. (app.) Brevis (Anatina B. p. 24.) sup. t. 10. f. 13. Ovalis ( O. p. 25.) sup. t. 9. f. 53. Pandoriformis (Anat. P. p. 25.) sup. t. 10. f. 9. Crassa (Anat. C. p. 25.) sup. t. 10. f. 6. Striata (Pandora S. p. 50.) sup. t. 12. f. 12. PERIPLOMA. Argentariap.21.sup. t.lO.f. 11. Planiuscula p. 21. sup. t. 10. f. 33. Obtusa APP. sup. t. 13. f. 50. Trapezoides (AnatinaT. p.20.) sup. t. 10. f. 32. THRACIA. Pubescens p. 21. t. 2. mya. f. 4. Plicata p. 21. sup. t. 10. f.37. Declivis (Phaseolina p. 22.) sup. t. 10. f. 35. Similis p. 22. sup. t. 9. f. 52. Conradip. 22. sup. t. lO.f. 34. Convexa p. 22. t. 2. mya. f. 3. Corbuloides p. 22. sup. t.9.f. 20. Curtap. 22. sup. t. 10. f. 1. LYONSIA. (Osteodesma.) Nitida (Corbuloides p. 24.) t.2. f. 13. Hyalinap.24. sup.t. 10. f. 10. Elongata p. 25. sup. 1. 13. f. 27. Cuneata p. 25. sup. t, 10. f. 14. LUTRARIA. Solenoides p. 26. t. 6. f. 37- Elliptica p. 26. t. 6. f. 36. Rugosa p. 26. t. 6. f. 33. Egyptiaca p. 26. t. 6. f. 34. Ensis p. 27. sup. t. 10. f. 26. Compressa p. 27. t. 6. f. 25. Tellinoides p. 27- sup. t. 11. f. 33. Papyracea p. 27. sup. t, 1. mac. f. 2. Canaliculata p. 27. sup. t. 1. f.3. Complanata p. 28. t. 6. f. 35. Cottardi p. 28. sup. t. 9. f. 56. Vitrea p. 28. t. 6. f. 4. Squamosa p. 28. sup. t. 9. f. 47- Nicobarica (Anatina N. p. 23.) t. 2. MYA. f. 11. Cyprinus p. 28. sup. t. 1. f. 1. MACTRA. Solidissima p. 28. t. 6. f. 22. Spengleri p. 29. t. 6. f. 1. Striatula p. 29. sup. t. 1. f. 7. Glauca p. 29. t. 6. f. 30. Stultorum p. 29. t. 6. f. 18. Grandis p. 29. t. 6. f. 19. Maculosa p. 29. sup. 1. 11. f. 27- Nitida p. 30. t. 6. f. 13. Glabrata p. 30. t. 6. f. 12. Violacea p. 30. t. 6. f. 9. Fasciata p. 30. sup. 10. f. 39. Turgida p. 30. t. 6. f. 8. Plicataria p. 30, t. 6. f. 2. Rufescens p. 30. sup. 1. 10. f. 20. Maculata p. 30. t. 6. f. 7- Subplicata p. 31. sup. 1. 1. f. 6. Triangularis p. 31. sup. t. 10. f. 40. Lactea p. 31. sup. t. 10. f. 41. Ovalina p. 31. sup. t. 10. f. 23. Alba p. 31. sup. t. 10. f. 27. Solida p. 31. t. 6. f. 21. Squalida p. 31. sup. 1. 11. f. 30. Brasiliana p. 31. sup. 1. 10. f.60. Pellucida p. 32. t. 6. f. 32. Lisor p. 32. sup. t. 11. f. 54. 55. Truncata p. 32. sup. t. 9. f. 1. Subtruncata p. 32. t. 6. f. 23. Australis p. 32. sup. 1. 10. f. 36. Elegans p. 33. sup. t. 11. f. 16. Vitrea p. 33. sup. t. 10. f. 28. Cygnea p. 33. t. 6. f. 6. Exoleta p. 33. sup. t. 11. f. 51. Elongata p. 33. sup. t.'lO. f. 2. Similis p. 33. sup. 1. 1. f. 5. Aspcrsa p. 33. sup. t. 1. f. 4. Saulii p. 34. sup, t. 13. f. 24. Nucleus p. 34. sup. t. 12. f. 11. Cuneata p. 34. t. 6. f. 10. Achatina p. 34. t. 6. f. 20. Mulinia Bicolor p. 34. sup. t. 10. f. 31. Mulinia Lateralis p. 34. sup. t. 10. f. 25. Mulinia Donaciformis p. 34. sup. t. 10. f. 29. Mulinia Byronensis p. 35. sup. t. 10. f. 38. GNATHODON. Cuneatus p. 35. sup. 1. 10. f.22. CRASSATELLA. Kingicola p. 35. sup. 1. 12. f. 17. Donacina p. 36. sup. t. 10. f. 58. Sulcata p. 36. sup. t. 12. f. 22. Rostrata p. 36. sup. t. 9. f. 31. Subradiata p. 36. sup. 1. 12. f.l4. Contraria p. 36. t. 8. f. 95. Castanea p. 36. sup. 1. 12. f. 23. Decipiens p. 36. sup.t. 11. f. 9. Pulchra p. 36. sup. t. 12. f. 18. Lapidea p. 36. sup. t. 10. f. 59. Jubar p. 37. sup. t. 12. f. 25. Corbuloides p. 37. sup. t. 12. f. 15. Triquetrap. 37. sup. t.lO. f. 54. Ornata p. 37. sup. t. 12. f. 13. Undulata p. 37. sup. 1. 12. f. 24. Gibbosa p. 37. sup. t. 12. f. 16. Radiata p. 37. sup. t. 11. f. 15. MESODESMA. Donaciutn p. 38. sup. 1. 10. f.56. Glabratum p.38. sup. t. 1. mac. f. 12? Complanatum p. 38. sup. t. 10. f. 55. Cuneatum p. 38. sup. 1. 1. mac. f. 8. Erycineum p.38. sup. t.l2. f. 26. Striatum p. 38. t. 6. mac. f. 16. Chemnitziip. 38. sup.t. l.f. 11. Donacillum p.39. sup. t.ll. f.39. Corneum p. 39. sup. 1. 11. f. 40. Glabellum p. 39. sup. t. 11. f. 6. Solenoides p. 39. sup. t. 10. f. 3. Arctatum p. 39. sup. t. 9. f. 55. Deauratum p . 39. sup. 1. 1. mac. f. 9. Castaneum p. 39. t. 6. f. 10. Triquetrum app. sup. t.l2. f.20. Planum app. sup. t. 12. f. 19. ERYCINA. Cardioidesp. 40. sup. t.lO. f.57. Geoflfroyi p. 40. sup. 1. 12. f. 1. MONTACUTA. Ferruginea p. 40. t. 2. f. 19. KELLIA. Rubra p. 43. sup. t. 9. f. 48. Suborbicularis p. 43. t. 3. f. 37. ERVILIA. Nitens p. 43. t. 3. f. 37. UNGULINA. Oblonga p. 40. sup. t. 10. f. 44. SOLEMYA. Australisp.41.sup. 1. 11. f. 25. Mediterranea p. 41. sup. t. 1. SOLEN. f. 1. AMPHIDESMA. Variegatum p. 41. t. 3. f. 17- Boysii p. 41. t. 6. f. 27. Tenue p. 41. t. 6. f. 26. Prismaticum p. 41. t. 6. mac. f. 21. Decussatum p. 43. t. 4. f. 81. Solidum p. 48. sup. t. 12. f. 32. Cordiforme p. 43. t. 4. f. 82. Corrugatum p. 44. sup. t. 12. f. 5. and var. t. 12. f. 21. Australe p. 44. sup. 1. 12. f. 8. Rupium p. 44. sup. t. 12. f. 50. Lgeve p. 44. sup. t. 12. f. 10. Purpurascens p. 14. sup. t. 12. f. 45. Formosum p. 44. sup. t. 12.f.48. Pallidum p. 44. sup. 1. 12. f. 44. Roseum p. 44. sup. 1. 12. f. 35. Lenticulare p.44.sup.t.l2.f.49. Rubrolineatum p. 44. sup. 1. 12. f. 51. Decisum p. 44. sup. t. 12. f. 52. Pulchrum p. 45. sup. 1. 12. f. 4. Punctatum p. 45. sup.t.l2.f.46. Zebuense app. sup. t. 12. f. 7. Scabrum app. sup. t. 12. f. 9. CUMINGIA. Tellinoides app. p. 42. sup. t.l2. f. 38. Coarctata app. sup. 1. 12. f. 37- CORBULA. Sulcata p. 45. sup. t. 13. f. 48. Tahitensis p. 46. sup. t.l2.f. 30. Nucleus p. 46. t. 3. f. 40. Porcina p. 46. sup. t. 12. f. 47. Cuspidata (erroneouslyRostrata of Desh._p.46.)t.2.f.l2? Bicarinata p. 46. sup. t.l2.f.31. Rostrata of Sow. p.46.sup.t.l0. f. 53. Labiata p. 47. t. 3. f. 39. Contracta p. 47. sup. t. 9. f. 34. Mediterranea p. 47- sup. 1. 12. f. 43. Biradiata p. 47. sup. 1. 10. f. 51. Ovulata p. 47. sup. t. 1. f. 52. Binghami p. 47. sup. t. 2. f. 4. Rupicola p. 47. sup. t. 11. f. 32. Crassa app. sup. t. 12. f, 29. Rosea app. sup. t. 12. f. 33. Quadrata app. sup. t. 12. f. 36. Trigona app. sup. 1. 12. f. 39. Fasciata. Var. app. sup. t. 12. f. 27. Nirabosa app. sup. t. 13. f. 25. Pygmsea app. sup. 1. 12. f. 34. MYOCHAMA. Anomoides p. 48. sup. 1. 12. f. 3. PANDORA. Obtusa p. 48. t. 3. f. 35, Rostrata p. 48. t. 5. f. 97. Oblonga p. 49. sup. t. 10. f. 46. Depressa p. 49. sup. 1. 10. f. 47. Glacialis p. 49. sup. t. 10. f. 48. Flexuosa p. 49. sup. 1. 10. f. 49. Unguiculus p. 49. sup. t. 10. f. 50. Trilineata p. 49. sup. t. 9. f. 32. Ceylanica p. 50. sup. 1. 10. f. 45. SAXICAVA. Rugosa- p. 50. t. 12. myt. f. 9. — var. Gallicana. p. 50. sup. t. 9. f. 5. Guerini p. 51. sup. 1. 12. f. 2. Carditoides p.51. sup. t.l2. f.53. Californica p. 51. sup. t. 12. f. 54. PETRICOLA. Ochroleuca p. 52. sup. t.l. tel. f. 6. Semilamellata p. 52. sup. t. 11. f. 41. Lucinalis p. 52. t. 8. f. 73. Striata p. 52. sup. 1. 11. f. 42. Costellata p. 52. sup. 1. 11. f.43. Roccelaria p. 52. sup. 1. 11. f. 44. Ruperella p. 52. sup. 1. 11. f.45. Pholadiformis p. 52. sup. t. 13. f. 9. Costata p. 53. t. 8. f. 72. Nivea p. 53. t. 12. f. 16. Dactylus p. 53. sup. 1. 18. f. 26. VENERUPIS. Perforans p. 54. t. 8. f. 108. Crenata p. 55. sup. t. 12. f. 58. 29. 12. Irus p. 54. t. 6. DON. f. 21. Exotica p. 54. sup. t. 9. f. 2! Lajonkairii p. 55. sup. t. f. 55. Monstrosa p. 55. t. 8. f. 112. SANGUINOLARIA. Occidens p. 55. t. 3. f. 29. Rosea p. 56. t. 3. f. 28. Nuttalii p. 56. sup. t. 12. f.56. Californiana p. 56. sup. t. 12. f. 57. Biradiata p. 56. t. 3. f. 26. Livida p. 56. sup. t. 11. f. 52. PSAMMOBIA. Rugosa p. 56. t. 8. f. 64. Ferroensis p. 57. t. 4. f. 36. Vespertina p. 57. t. 3. f. 27. Maculosa p. 57. sup. 1. 11, f. 28. Ci3erulescens p. 57. t. 3. f. 31. Elongata p. 57. sup. t. 11. f. 46. Flavicans p. 57. Jar. sup. t. 1. f. 5. Squamosa p. 57. sup. 1. 11. f.47. Cayennensis p.58.sup.t.ll.f.48. Tellinellap. 58.sup. t. ll.f.ll. Pulchella p. 58. t. 3. f. 6. Fragilis p. 58. sup. 1. 11. f.49. Rostrata p. 58. t. 3. sol. f. 22. Violacea p. 59. sup. 1. 11. f. 20. *Costata p. 59. sup. 1. 11. f. 12. * I have given the wrong habitat. It comes from Senegal. Lineolata p. 59. sup. t. 14. f. 1. Variegata p. 59. t. 3. f. 32. Castrensis p. 59. t. 3. f. 25. Pacifica p. 60. sup. t. 12. f. 59. Laskeyi p. 60. t. 4. f. 65. GALEOMNA. Turtoni p. 59. sup. t. 9. f. 41. Aurantia(PsammobiaA.) p. 58. sup. t. 9. f. 26. PSAMMOT^A. Violacea p. 60. sup. t. 12. f. 60. Zonalis p. 60, sup. t. 11. f. 50. Pellucida p. 60. sup. t. 14. f. 26. Candida p. 60. sup. t. 13. f. 44. Tarentina p. 60. sup. t. 11. f.56. Donacina p. 60. sup. t. 11. f.57. Rosea p. 60. t. 3. f. 23. TELLINA. Radiata p. 61. t. 4. f. 26. Semizonalis p. 61. sup. t. 11. f. 58. Maculosa p. 61. t. 3. f. 4. Virgata p. 61. t. 3. f. 3. Staurella p. 61. sup. t. 11. f. 31. Spengleri p. 62. t. 4. f. 35. Rostrata p. 62. t. 4. f. 28. Sulphurea p. 62. sup. t. 9. f. 9. Foliacea p. 62. t. 3. f. 20. Operculata p. 62. t. 4. f. 37. * Elegans p. 62. sup. 1. 1. f. 5. Margaritiiia p. 63. sup. 1. 13 f. 1. Albinella p. 63. sup. t. 14. f. 3. Strigosa p. 63. t. 4. f. 61. Planata p. 63. t. 3. f. 24. Punicea p. 63. t. 4. f. 64. Depressa p. 63. t. 4. f. 48. Flavescens p. 63. t. 4. f. 88. Pulchella p. 64. sup. t. 1. f. 4. Fabula p. 64. t. 3. f. 23. Tenuis p. 64. t. 3. f. 22. Exilis p. 64. sup. t. 13. f. 2. Donacina p. 64. t. 4. f. 31. Nitida p. 64. sup. t. 14. f. 4. Psammotella p. 65. sup. t. 14. f. 6. Lantivyi p. 65. sup. 1. 14. f. 5. Oudardi p. 65. sup. t. 14. f. 8. Clathrata p. 65. sup. t. 14. f. 12. Polita p. 65. sup. t. 9. f. 39. Tenera p. 65. sup. t. 9. f. 38. Tenta p. 65. sup. 1. 14. f. 10. t Oblonga p. 65. t. 34. Alternata p. 66. sup. t. 14. f. 9. Chrystallina p. 66. t. 3. f. 10. Sulcata (Serrata erroneously p. 66.) t. 4. f. 63. • Perfectly distinct from that very rare shell, the Crucigera of Lamarck. f Perfectly distinct from Psam- motella. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. PLATE T. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. (). 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. Aspergillum Javanutn — Vaginiferum. Novse Zealandise. Agglutinans. Clavagella Aperta, (tube). , (valve). Elongata, (tube). , (valve). Lata. > Melitensis. Australia. Balanorum. Fistulana Clava. • Gx*egata. ■ Lagenula. Septaria Arenaria. Teredo Navalis. Palmulata. Corniformis. (fideBlain- ville.) Bipennata. ■ Nana. magnified. Malleolus. Pholas Dactylus. Orientalis. Candida. Parva. Silicula. Costata. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37- 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. Pholas Truncata. Crucigera. — Campecbensis. Clausa. Crispata. Clavata. Ovum. ■ Falcata. Acuminata. Californica. Papyracea. (young). Tuberculata. ? Xylophaga Dorsalis. Globosa. Gastrochaena Cuneiformis. Mytiloides. • Modiolina. Truncata. Ovata. Solen Vagina. Vaginoides. Corneus. Siliqua. Ensis. Linearis. Scalprum. Sloanii. Truncatns^ PLATE II. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. Guinensis. Brevis. Thuelcha. Pygmseus. Ambiguus. Cultellus. Planus. Legumen. Dombei. Javanicus. Caribseus, Coarctatus. Strigilatus. Radiatus. Politus. Candidus. Solidus. Inflexus. Orbiculatus. Costatus. Medius. Maximus. Minimus, Bidens. Tenuis. Novaculina. Californianus. Acutidens. Acuminatus. 30 31 32 33 Glauconome Chinensis. Rugosus. Solenella Norrisii Pholadomya Candida. 34. Panopea Aldrovandi. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. Zelanica. — ' Australis. Arctica. Glycimeris Siliqua. Mya Truncata. Arenaria. ■ Cancellata, Semistriata. Anatina Lanterna. Truncata. Subrostrata. Globulosa. 47. Periploma Trapezoides. 48. Argentaria. 49. Planiuscula. 50.* Obtusa? 5 1 . Tiiracia Pubescens. 52. Plicata. 53. ■ Similis. 54. Conradi. 55. Convexa. 56. Corbuloides. 57. Curta. 58. Anatina ? Nicobarica. * The shell from ■which this figure is copied is, I find, perfectly distinct, though not at first sight to be distinguished from the remaining epecies of this genus. I will now describe, suggesting for it the name of Obtusa .- — Very obtusely trapeziform, its outline totally devoid of angularities, very inequivalve, very fragile, dull yel- lowish white : very inequilateral, the sides rounded, edge of the longer posterior one obliquely and continuously united to the somewhat arcuated ventral ; anterior side very short, roughened by minute punctures, and very much narrowed by the sudden declivity of the dorsal edge ; anterior slope with minute and crowded concentric wrinkles, and bounded posteriorly in the more convex valve by a slightly impressed radiating hollow, 1J..1|. — America. California? PLATE in. Thracia Phaseolina. Anatma! Membranacea. — Globosa. Elliptica. Prsetenuis. ■ Distorta. < Papyracea. ■ Leana. . Elongata. Myodora Brevis. Ovalis. . Pandoriformia. . Cras>sa. Nitida. ■Hyalina. -Elongata. ■Cuneata. Solenoides. -Elliptica. -Eugosa. • Egyptiaca, - Ensis. -Coinpressa. - Tellinoides. 1. % 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. - ]3. Lutraria 19. 20. — 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 20. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. Lyonsia TelUua Angulata of Wood. Lutraria Papyracea. -^ — Canaliculata. -■ — ^Complanata. » . Yitrea. . Cottardi. . Squamosa. 32. 33. 34. 35. 30. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 5-1. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. ' Cyprinus. Mactra Solidissima. Speugleri. Striatella. ■ Alata ; erroneously Striatula, ' Glauca. Stultorum. Grrandis. — — — — JNIaculosa. Kitida. Glabrata. — — — — Violacea. Easciata. 'i urgida. Plicataria. -Eufeseens. -Maculata. -Subplicata. ■Triangularis. -Lactea. -Ovalina. -Alba. -Sollda. -Squalida. -Pellucida. .Lisor. -Truncata. -Subtruncata. The Work was discontinued in its present form owing to the difiiculty of obtaining clear transfer impressions from such delicate engravings as the original copper-plat(» in the Index Testaceologicu*. PlaJte I, -X ?r c. Platte II riAif III A LIST OF THE SPECIES DELINEATED IN THE SUPPLEMENTARY PLATES OF THE DESCRIPTIVE AND ILLUSTRATIVE CATALOGUE OF SHELLS. PLATE IX. 1 Mactra Truncata p. 32 2 Lucina Columbella p. 77 3 Tellina Brasiliana p. 70 4 Tellina Pristis p. 69 5 Saxicava Rugosa, var Gal- licana p. 50 6 Ervilia Nitens p. 43 7 Venus Macrodon p. 116 8 Venus Petalina p. 124 9 Tellina Sulphurea p. 62 10 Cytherea Lubrica p. 104 1 1 Cytherea Rosea p. 104 12 CrassatellaSubradiata ? rar. p. 36 13 Cytherea Sulcatina p. 99 14 Venus Punctifera p. 121 15 Cyclas Cornea p. 89 16 Solen Solidus p. 15 17 Tellina Balaustina p. 72 18 Tellinides Purpurea p. 74 19 Solen Dorabei p. 13 20 Thracia Corbuloides p. 22 21 Clavagella Aperta p. 2 22 Clavagella Australis p. 2 23 Aspergillum Vaginiferum p. 1 24 Panopaea Australis p. 18 25 Galeomna Aurantia(Psam- mobia A.) p. 58 26 Pholas Truncata p. 6 27 Crassina Castanea p. 88 28 Solen Costatus p. 15 29 Venerupis Exotica of Sow- erby p. 54 30 Pholas Acuminata p. 8 31 Crassatella Rostrata p. 36 32 Pandora Trilineata p. 49 33 Anatina Leana p. 24 34 Corbula Contracta p. 47 35 Donax Fabagella p. 83 36 Donax Fossor p. 85 37 Gastrochsena MytiloiJes p. 10 38 TellinaTenerap. 65 39 Tellina Politap. 65 40 Gastrochaena Truncata p. 10 41 Galeomna Turtoni p. 59 42 Gastrochaena Ovata p. 10 43 Pholas Californica p. 8 44 Pholas Campechensis p. 6 45 Lucina Rugifera p. 79 46 Anatina Elliplica p. 23 47 Lutraria (Lepton) Squa- mosa p. 28 48 Kellia Rubra p. 43 49 Teredo Corniformis (a copy from Favanne of the figure cited by Lamarck) p. 4 50 Teredo Bipennata p. 4 51 Xylophaga Globosa p. 10 52 Thracia Similis p. 22 53 Myodora Ovalis (Anatina O.) p. 25 54 Aspergillum Novje Zelan- diae p. 2 55 Mesodesma Arctatum p, 39 56 Lutraria Cottardi p. 28 57 Pholadomya Candida p. 18 58 Pholas Silicula p. 6 59 Panopaea Zelanica p. 18 PLATE X. 1 Thracia Curta p. 22 2 Mactra Elongata p. 33 3 Mesodesma Solenoides p. 39 4 Solen Californianus p. 16 5 Cytherea Trimaculata p. 101 6 Myodora Crassa (Anatina C.) p. 25 7 Solen Novaculina p. 16 8 Solenella Norrissii p. 17 9 Myodora Pandoriformis (Anatina P.) p. 25 10 Lyonsia Hyalina (Osteodes- ma H.) p. 24 11 Periploma Argeiitariap.21 12 Anatina Papyracea p. 23 13 Myodora Brevis (Anatina B.)p. 24 14 Lyonsia Cuneata p. 25 15 Anatina Elongata p. 24 16 Mya Semistriata p. 20 17 Glauconorae Chinensis p. 17 18 Solen Medius p. 15 19 Aspergillum Agglutinans p. 2 20 Mactra Rufescens p. 30 21 Clavagella Balanorum p. 2 22 Gnathodon Cuneatus p. 35 23 Mactra Ovalina p. 31 24 Glauconome Rugosa app^ 25 Mulinla Lateralis p, 31 26 Lutraria Ensis p. 27 27 Mactra Alba p. 31 28 Mactra Vitrea p. 33 29 Mulinia Donaciformisp. 34 30 SoIenThuelchap. 13 31 Mulinia Bicolor p.3t 32 Periploma Trapezoides (Anatina T.) p. 20 33 Periploma Planiuscula p. 21 34 Thracia Conradi p. 22 35 Thracia Declivis (T. Pha- seolina) p. 22 36 Mactra Australis p. 32 37 Thracia Plicatap.21 38 Mulinia Byronensis p. 34 39 Mactra Fasciata (copied frem Gualtieri, as cited by Lamarck) p. 30 40 Mactra Triangularis p. 31 41 Mactra Lactea p. 31 42 Solen Corneus p. 11 43 Panopsea Arctica p. 18 44 Ungulina Oblonga p. 41 45 Pandora Ceylanica p. 50 46 Oblonga p. 49 47 Depressa p. 49 48 Glacialis p. 49 49 Flexuosa p. 49 50 Unguiculus p. 49 51 Corbula Biradiata p. 47 52 Ovulata p. 47 53 Rostrata (of Bro- derip) p. 46 54 Crassatella Triquetra p . 37 55 Mesodesma Complanatum p. 38 56 Donacium p. 38 57 Erycina Cardioides p. 40 58 Crassatella Donacina p. 36 59 Lapidea p. 86 60 Mactra Brasiliana var. p. 31 PLATE XI. 1 Clavagella Elongata Sheath p. 2 2 valve p . 2 3 Melitensis, valve p. 2 4 Lata valve p. 2. 5 Fistulana Clava, tube p. 3 6 Mesodesma Glabellum p. 39 7 Cytherea Impar p. 98 8 Pholas Clausa p. 6 9 Crassatella Decipiens p. 36 10 Cytherea Impudica p. 96 11 Psammobia Tellinella p. 58 12 Psammobia Costata p. 59 13 Teredo Palmulata p. 4 14 Tellina Pulcherrima p. 67 15 Crassatella Radiata p. 37 16 Mactra Elegans p. 33 17 Solen Ambiguus p. 13 18 Sloanii p. 12 19 Javanicus p. 14 20 Psammobia Violacea p. 59 21 Xylophaga Dorsalis p. 10 22 Teredo Nana p. 4 23 Teredo Malleolus pallet p. 4 24 Anatina Truncata p. 20 25 Solemya Australis p. 41 26 Solen Scalprura p. 12 27 Mactra Maculosa p. 29 28 Psammobia Maculosa p. 57 29 Solen Candidus p. 15 30 Mactra Squalidap. 31. 31 Tellina Staurella p. 61 32 Corbula Rupicola p. 47 33 Lutraria Tellinoides p. 27 34 Cytherea Nivea p. 97 35 Solen Accuminatus p. 17 36 Acutidens p. 17 37 Tellina Sexradiata p. 71 38 Donax Trunculus (Capsa T.) p. 86 39 Mesodesma Donacillum p. 39 40 Mesodesma Corneum p. 39 41 Petricola Semilamellata p. 53 42 Striata p. 53 43 Costellata p. 53 44 Roccelaria p. 53 45 Ruperella p. 53 46 Psammobia Elongata p. 57 47 Squamosa p. 57 48 Cayennensis p. 58 49 Fragilis p. 58 50 Psammotsea Zoualis p. 60 51 Mactra Exoleta p. 33. 52 Sanguinolaria Livida p. 57 ^. 53 Pholas Crucigera p. 6. 54 Mactra Lisor p. 32 55 Var. — LilaceaLam. ? p. 32 56 Psammotsea Tarentina p.60 ^7 Donacina p. 60 58 Telliaa Semizonalis p. 61 PLATE XII. 1 Erycina Geoffroyi p. 40 2 Saxicava Guerini p. 51 3 MyochamaAnomoidesp.48 4 Corbula (Sphaenia) Bing- hami p. 47 5 Amphidesma Corrugatum p. 48 6 Pulchrum p. 45 7 Zebuense app. 8 Australe p. 44 9 Scabrum app. 10 Laeve p. 44 11 Mactra Nucleus p. 34 12 Myodora Striata (Pandora S.) p. 50 13 Crassatella Ornata p. 37 14 Subradiata p. 36 15 Corbuloides p. 37 16 Gibbosa p. 37 17 Kingicola p. 35 18 Pulchra p. 36 19 Mesodesma Planum APP. 20 TriquetrumAPP. 21 Amphidesma Corrugatum. var. p. 44 22 Crassatella Sulcata p. 36 23 Castanea p . 36 24 Undulata p. 37 25 Jubarp. 37 26 MesodesmaErycineump.38 27 Corbula Fasciata, Var. APP. 28 AmphidesmaCarnicolorAPP 29 Corbula Crassa app. 30 Tahitensis p. 46 31 Bicarinata p. 46 32 Amphidesma Solidum p. 43 33 Corbula Rosea app. 31 Pygmoea app. 35 Amphidesma Roseum p. 44 36 Corbula Quadrata app. 37 Cummingia Coarctata app. 38 Tellinoides app. 39 Corbula Trigona afp. 40 Solen Niveus app. 41 Cylindraceus app. 42 Phillipinarum app. 43 Corbula Mediterranea p. 47 44 AmphidesmaPalliduinp.44 45 Purpurascens p.44 46 Punctatum p. 45 47 Corbula Porcina p. 46 48 Amphidesma Formosum p. 44 49 Lenticulare p. 44 50 Rupium p. 44. 51 Rubrolineatum p.44 52 Decisump. 44 53 Saxicava Carditoides p. 51 54 Californica p. 51 55 Venerupis Lajonkairii p. 55 56 SanguinolariaNuttaliip.56 57 ' Californica p. 56 58 Venerupis Crenatap.55 59 Psammobia Pacifica p. 60 60 Psamraotaea Violaceap. 60 PLATE XIII. 1 Tellina Margaritina p. 63 2 Exilis p. 64 3 Deltoidalis p. 70 4 Lucina Pecten p. 77 5 Lutea p. 77 6 Digitalis p. 77 7 Donax Columbella p. 80 8 ■ Cayennensis p. 82 9 Cardioides p. 82. 10 Martinicensis p. 84 11 Cyclas Similis p. 90 12 ■ Striatina p. 90 13 Cyrena Violacea p. 92 14 ■ Bengalensis p. 93 15 Orientalis p. 92 16 Cyclas Sarratoga p. 90 17 Cytherea Mactroides p. 99 18 Trigonella p. 99 19 Cytherea Nitidula p. 98 20 Albina p. 99 21 Hebreea p. 99 22 Florida p. 98 23 Citrina p. 99 ^^24 Mactra Saulii p. 34 25 Cytherea Planulata p. 1 05 26 Petricola Dactylus p. 53 27 Lyonsia Elongata, (Osteo- desma E.) p. 25 28 Solen Guinensis p. 12 29 Cytherea Abbreviata p. 103 30 Artemis Lucinalis (Cythe- rea L.) p. 101 31 • Lunaris (Cytherea L.) p. 101 32 Cytherea Plicatina p. 108 33 Hepatica p. 101 34 Venetiana p. 100 35 Venus Gallinula p. 115 36 Florida p. 125 37 Phaseolina p. 124 38 Carneola p. 124 39 Pulchellap. 125 40 Cytherea Squalida p. 104 41 Venus Prgeparca p. 117 42 Solen Brevis p. 12 43 Venus Gnidia p. 113 44 Psammotea Galatea p. 58 45 Venus Rhombifera p. 120 46 Japonica p. 127 47 Donax Elongata p. 82 48 Corbula Sulcata p. 45 49 Petricola Pholadiformis p. 52 50 Periploma Obtusa app 51 Tellina Burneti p. 72 52 Capsa Brasiliana p. 86 53 Tellinides Acuminatus p. 73 54 Truncatulus p. 73 55 Emarginatus p. 74 56 Ovalisp.73 57 Opalina. Var. Ro- sea p. 73 58 Corbula Nimbosa app 59 Fistulana Lagenula p. 3 60 Mya Cancellata p. 20 / / .^' V